CN102605740B - Ecological dispatching method of river channel type water reservoir suitable for home fish breeding - Google Patents
Ecological dispatching method of river channel type water reservoir suitable for home fish breeding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water reservoir ecological dispatching method, in particular relates to an ecological dispatching method of a river channel type water reservoir suitable for home fish breeding. The ecological operation for a water reservoir which is suitable for home fish spawning is implemented at the home fish egg reproduction period based on a corresponding-period water reservoir regular dispatching process to make an 'artificial flood peak' process, so as to creat hydrologic conditions which are suitable for home fish breeding at the downstream. Through continuously reducing the leakage amount of a dam, a space for continuously leaking water is provided in the later stage and the daily amplification flow rate of the downstream is guaranteed, so that a good ecological environment is provided for the home fish breeding. The dispatching method disclosed by the invention meets the benefits of the conventional flood control, power generation, navigation and the like of a river channel type water reservoir, and also considers the ecological benefits of the downstream of the river channel type water reservoir, so that the benefit relation between water-power engineering and ecological protection of the reservoir is effectively coordinated; and the dispatching method has the advantages of strong operability and practical applicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological dispatching method for reservoir, specifically a kind of river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of applicable chinese carp breeding demand.
Background technology
So-called " ecological dispatching " just refers to the ecological reservoir combined regulation mode of taking into account.Griphin once mentioned in the literature ecological dispatching be reservoir should meet that the mankind meet the ecosystem again to water demand as far as possible need the water requirement.Wang Shucheng thinks that ecological dispatching is reservoir and brings into play optimum ecological benefits in the various economic benefits of performance, social benefit, and it is for the ecological problem in macroscopical Water Resources Allocation and scheduling.The Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering ecological dispatching is very important and effective measures of river ecological protection, by optimizing the Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering scheduling mode, can effectively improve the hydrologic condition in reservoir downstream.At present, developed country, aspect the ecological dispatching of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, has all tentatively set up relevant technical criteria.But these achievements and experience mainly are applicable to minor works, its technological means is difficult to adapt to the actual conditions of large-scale and super-huge Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering.
The Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering scheduling mode that China is existing, or social economy's task of undertaking according to engineering is formulated.The main deficiency of this scheduling mode be it only the play Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering Social Economic Function, make every effort to the maximization of economic benefit, and ignored the demand of river ecosystem, thereby inevitably can cause adverse effect to the downstream river ecosystem.Take Three Gorges Projects and Gezhouba Hydropower Station as example, and " four large Chinese carps " the Spawning Ecology hydrology and HYDRODYNAMIC CONDITION RELATING TO demand are domestic outstanding ecological environment problems of showing great attention to.
Number of patent application 201010127116.3 discloses a kind of reservoir optimizing and dispatching method maintained towards river ecological flow; Number of patent application 201010271492.X discloses a kind of ecological dispatching method for reservoir based on ecological dispatching graph; But the river ecological flow research of these disclosed technology based on the biology angle is not still deeply, to the pulse process of ecological flow, with biological self reproducing grow closely-related fluctuation in stage process, respond the aspects such as ecological flow temporal characteristics of biological life cycle, although certain qualitative understanding is arranged, also lacks the analysis of quantification.From conscientiously by the large reservoir ecological dispatching, effectively protecting the angle of downstream ecology environment; in the urgent need to carrying out, tackle key problems and the demonstration of ecological dispatching engineering further multidisciplinary the associating; and demonstrate by engineering; update and improve the correlation criterion of large reservoir ecological dispatching; accumulate the practical experience of super-huge Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering ecological dispatching, set up large-scale step hinge ecology and environment dispatching technique scheme.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of applicable chinese carp breeding demand is proposed, alleviate the impact that the operation of large-scale river-like reservoir is laid eggs on chinese carp under dam, create suitable flow condition for chinese carp lays eggs, effectively alleviate the impact that the dam operation is laid eggs and caused chinese carp.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem is:
A kind of river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of applicable chinese carp breeding demand, carry out: at first continue to reduce river-like reservoir dam letdown flow, then continue to sluice, guarantee downstream day amplification flow, and keep maximum letdown flow a period of time according to the following steps; Above step is a cycle, in chinese carp egg reproduction phase round-robin scheduling, for chinese carp lays eggs, provides good ecological environment.
Like this, the present invention is in the egg reproduction phase of chinese carp, and the conventional scheduling process of the river-like reservoir same period of take is basis, implements to be applicable to the reservoir ecological dispatching of chinese carp breeding demand, manufactures " artificial flood peak " process, makes downstream the hydrologic condition of suitable chinese carp breeding occur.
The technical scheme that the present invention further limits is:
The river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of aforesaid applicable chinese carp breeding demand, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
The first step: chinese carp lays eggs the initial stage, reduced river-like reservoir dam letdown flow in 2-3 days, every day, average daily letdown flow reduced the 2000-3000 cubic meters per second, lifting river-like reservoir design water level, but be no more than upper limit water level, for continue to increase letdown flow in the future, guarantee that day amplification provides the flow space;
Second step: after the first step finishes, increase river-like reservoir dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased the 1000-3000 cubic meters per second, for chinese carp is built good egg-laying environment;
The 3rd step: after second step finishes, with last flow, continue sluicing 7-10 days;
The 4th step: above step is a cycle, and round-robin scheduling guarantees 3-4 dispatching cycle, but will meet the lower limit water level in the chinese carp egg reproduction phase.
The river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of aforesaid applicable chinese carp breeding demand, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
The first step: chinese carp lays eggs the initial stage, continue to reduce river-like reservoir dam letdown flow 15-20 days, every day, average daily letdown flow reduced the 1000-2000 cubic meters per second, lifting river-like reservoir design water level, but be no more than upper limit water level, for continue to increase letdown flow in the future, guarantee that day amplification provides the flow space;
Second step: after the first step finishes, increase river-like reservoir dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased the 1000-3000 cubic meters per second, for chinese carp is built good egg-laying environment;
The 3rd step: after second step finishes, with last flow, continue sluicing 7-10 days;
The 4th step: after the 3rd EOS, continue to increase river-like reservoir dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased the 1000-3000 cubic meters per second, after end, with last flow, continued sluicing 7-10 days;
The 5th step: after the 4th EOS, repeat second step to the three steps, guarantee in the chinese carp egg-laying season that 3-4 scheduling changes, but will meet the lower limit water level.
The river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of aforesaid applicable chinese carp breeding demand, in first step, for suppressing the generation of Spring Bloom, adopt peak shaving to sluice during sluicing, to increase water-level fluctuation, improve the reservoir area hydrodynamic condition
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention alleviates the impact that the operation of large-scale river-like reservoir is laid eggs on chinese carp under dam, in downstream, the dam chinese carp egg reproduction phase, by taking certain reservoir operation measure to make to produce " artificial flood peak ", create suitable flow condition for chinese carp lays eggs, effectively alleviate the impact that the dam operation is laid eggs and caused chinese carp.The present invention meets river-like reservoir scheduling actual conditions, except the benefits such as the tradition generating that can meet river-like reservoir, flood control, can also take into account the ecological benefits in river-like reservoir downstream, has effectively coordinated the interest relations of hydroelectric project and ecology in reservoir area protection.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the conventional schedules traffic of Three Gorges Reservoir changes schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that embodiment 1 river-like reservoir schedules traffic changes schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that embodiment 2 river-like reservoir schedules traffic change schematic diagram.
The specific embodiment
Below will take the concrete steps of Three Gorges Reservoir a kind of river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of applicable chinese carp breeding demand as example describes in detail.Fig. 1 is conventional schedules traffic variation diagram of Three Gorges Reservoir 4-6 month in 2010.4-6 month was four large Chinese carp egg-laying seasons, Three Gorges Reservoir is less at the average daily luffing of flow in April, the most important thing is four large Chinese carp spawning peaks 5, June, the little flood peak process produced in natural situation, may under reservoir leveling evenly, be let out generating, and there is longer letdown flow decrement phase, be unfavorable for downstream, dam Jingjiang section " four large Chinese carps " egg reproduction.Because Three Gorges Reservoir takes to maintain as far as possible the method for operation that high water level generates electricity, and the flood control require June 10 reservoir level to drop to flood restrict water supply the position 145 meters, thereby there are being a large amount of retainings to release in 4-6 month, and this, natural water was abundanter in season, thus fully conditional pass to adopt the mode of " artificial flood peak " be that downstream, dam " four large Chinese carps " egg reproduction provides good water environment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment proposes a kind of river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of applicable chinese carp breeding demand, and as shown in Figure 2, concrete steps are reservoir ecological dispatching schematic diagram:
(i) be that four large Chinese carps lay eggs the initial stage April, reduced the dam letdown flow in 2-3 days, lifting Design of Reservoirs water level, but be no more than upper limit water level, for example average daily letdown flow drops to 8000 cubic meters per seconds from 10000 cubic meters per seconds, for continue to increase letdown flow in the future, guarantee that day amplification provides the flow space;
(ii) increase the Three Gorges Dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased 1000-3000 cubic meters per second left and right, for example average daily letdown flow from 10000 cubic meters per seconds more than within 5-7 days, progressively being increased to 15000 cubic meters per seconds, the flow continuous rise, for chinese carp is built good egg-laying environment;
(iii) after second step finishes, with last flow, as 15000 cubic meters per seconds, continue sluicing 7-10 days, to guarantee four large Chinese carps, sufficient egg-laying time is arranged;
(iv) periodically carry out above-mentioned reservoir ecological dispatching process, make to arrange 3-4 dispatching cycle in 4-6 month, but will guarantee the lower limit water level.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment proposes a kind of river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of applicable chinese carp breeding demand, and as shown in Figure 3, concrete steps are reservoir ecological dispatching schematic diagram:
(i) April four, large Chinese carp laid eggs the initial stage, continue to reduce dam letdown flow 15-20 days, for example average daily letdown flow drops to 4000 cubic meters per seconds from 5000 cubic meters per seconds, lifting Design of Reservoirs water level, but be no more than upper limit water level, for continue to increase letdown flow in the future, guaranteeing that day amplification provides the flow space, is the generation that suppresses Spring Bloom, during adopt peak shaving to sluice, increase water-level fluctuation, improve the reservoir area hydrodynamic condition;
(ii) increase the dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased 1000-3000 cubic meters per second left and right, for example average daily letdown flow from 4000 cubic meters per seconds more than within 5-7 days, progressively being increased to 9000 cubic meters per seconds, the flow continuous rise, for chinese carp is built good egg-laying environment;
(iii) after second step finishes, with last flow, as 9000 cubic meters per seconds, continue sluicing 7-10 days, to guarantee four large Chinese carps, sufficient egg-laying time is arranged;
(iv) continue to increase the dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased 1000-3000 cubic meters per second left and right, for example average daily letdown flow from 9000 cubic meters per seconds more than within 5-7 days, progressively being increased to 14000 cubic meters per seconds, the flow continuous rise, after end, with last flow, as 14000 cubic meters per seconds, continue sluicing 7-10 days;
(v) continue to increase the dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased 1000-3000 cubic meters per second left and right, for example average daily letdown flow progressively was increased to 19000 cubic meters per seconds from 14000 cubic meters per seconds at 5-7 days, the flow continuous rise, after end, with last flow, as 19000 cubic meters per seconds, continue sluicing 7-10 days, but will guarantee the lower limit water level.
Embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, in running, for fully meeting the two times scheduling letdown flow, can slightly lower average daily outbound flow at second step, as average daily letdown flow is lowered to 14500 and 8500 cubic meters per seconds from 15000 and 9000 cubic meters per seconds.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the river-like reservoir ecological dispatching method of an applicable chinese carp breeding demand, carry out: at first continue to reduce river-like reservoir dam letdown flow, then continue to sluice, guarantee downstream day amplification flow, and keep maximum letdown flow a period of time according to the following steps; Above step is a cycle, in chinese carp egg reproduction phase round-robin scheduling, for chinese carp lays eggs, provides good ecological environment;
It is characterized in that: specifically carry out according to the following steps:
The first step: chinese carp lays eggs the initial stage, reduced river-like reservoir dam letdown flow in 2-3 days, every day, average daily letdown flow reduced the 2000-3000 cubic meters per second, lifting river-like reservoir design water level, but be no more than upper limit water level, for continue to increase letdown flow in the future, guarantee that day amplification provides the flow space;
Second step: after the first step finishes, increase river-like reservoir dam letdown flow, continue sluicing 5-7 days, every day, average daily outbound flow increased the 1000-3000 cubic meters per second, for chinese carp is built good egg-laying environment;
The 3rd step: after second step finishes, with last flow, continue sluicing 7-10 days;
The 4th step: above step is a cycle, and round-robin scheduling guarantees 3-4 dispatching cycle, but will meet the lower limit water level in the chinese carp egg reproduction phase.
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| CN103190365B (en) * | 2013-04-02 | 2014-03-26 | 河海大学 | Yangtze River endemic fish oviposition habitat monitoring method and system based on Internet of things |
| CN106407671B (en) * | 2016-09-08 | 2018-04-20 | 河海大学 | Towards the step reservoir regulator control system and method for the viscous demersal egg fish reproduction demand of production |
| CN107165136B (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-04-03 | 云南大学 | For the storehouse tail counter regulation method of indigenous strains protection |
| CN113487249B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-07 | 长江水利委员会水文局 | Self-adaptive hydropower station intelligent ecological regulation and control method |
| CN114223588B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-11-15 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Reservoir ecological scheduling method for guaranteeing hatching of grass-sticking fish eggs in reservoir area |
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