CN102593841B - Current separation compensation-based cascaded H-bridge distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) device and separation compensation method - Google Patents
Current separation compensation-based cascaded H-bridge distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) device and separation compensation method Download PDFInfo
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Abstract
The invention provides a current separation compensation-based cascaded H-bridge distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) device. The device is characterized by comprising cascade structures of three phases of power units, wherein the cascade structures of the three phases of power units are connected by adopting Y-shaped structures so as to realize the split-phase decoupling control of three phases of currents; each power unit adopts a converter structure of alternating current (AC)-direct current (DC)-alternating current (AC); each power unit comprises a four-quadrant rectifier, a DC capacitor and an H-bridge inverter, wherein the left side of the DC capacitor C is provided with the four-quadrant rectifier which is connected with an AC electric network through a multi-winding transformer in an isolation way; the four-quadrant rectifier is combined with the DC capacitor C to play the role of a DC regulated power supply and fulfill the aim of performing balancing control on the DC voltage of each power unit; the four-quadrant rectifier provides part or all fundamental wave positive-sequence reactive compensation current; the right side of the DC capacitor C is provided with the H-bridge inverter; the H-bridge inverters are cascaded and then are connected with the electric network through reactors Ls; the H-bridge inverters only take a negative-sequence, harmonic or part reactive compensation task; and when the device compensates a negative-sequence current, the four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way active energy flow channels for the H-bridge inverters.
Description
Technical field
the present invention relates to a kind of Cascade H bridge type DSTATCOM device compensated based on current separation, especially forthe topological structure of distribution network electric energy quality controlling device-distribution static reactive power compensator (distribution static synchronous compensator, DSTATCOM) and current compensation control method.
Background technology
Cascade H bridge type Multilevel Inverters because structure is simple, be easy to modularized design, switch load balance and the advantage such as harmonic wave of output voltage is little and be widely used in the high-power current converting devices such as DSTATCOM.But there is the imbalance problem of the DC capacitor voltage caused by each power cell capacitive energy change difference and power cell own loss in this structure, has had a strong impact on device output waveform quality.For this reason, people have developed many DC capacitor voltage Balance route schemes, and wherein owing to having, algorithm is simple independent, fast response time and the advantage such as real-time are widely used in Practical Project for external energy exchange process.
Typical external energy exchange process adopts four-quadrant rectifier to be that each power cell H bridge inverter provides independently DC power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor, major advantage is: when H bridge inverter needs to exchange active power with electrical network, as DSTATCOM exports three-phase imbalance offset current, when adopting the methods such as maximum phase current miniaturized design when the device three-phase Y type mode of connection or delta connection, in the program, independent current source is for can provide merit energy-transmission channel for inverter; Major defect is that extra power-supply device adds device holistic cost and volume.
DSTATCOM in order to suppress impingement, the power quality problem such as voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonic wave and three-phase imbalance that asymmetric, nonlinear-load causes power distribution network, need to comprise idle, negative phase-sequence and harmonic component in offset current.Traditional current control scheme is that offset current is all born by H bridge inverter, and the active power part caused by negative sequence compensation electric current only born by rectifier.Therefore, the capacity of inverter will considerably beyond rectifier capacity.Like this, on the one hand, because capacity volume variance can increase the complexity of parts selection; On the other hand, the price of switching device is usually along with the increase growth at double of capacity.In addition, for fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current, when this electric current flows through H bridge inverter, 2 pulsation of DC side energy can be caused.For the DC voltage fluctuation suppressing this energy pulse to cause, the capacity of DC capacitor can be increased further.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides one
based on the Cascade H bridge type DSTATCOM device that current separation compensates, itdecline along with inverter compensation capacity declines by capacitance, not only reduces the cost of device further, reduces the volume of power cell.
Present invention employs following technical scheme:
based on the Cascade H bridge type DSTATCOM device that current separation compensates, it is characterized in that it comprisesthe cascade structure of three-phase converter module; The cascade structure of three-phase converter module adopts y-type structure to connect, to realize the phase-splitting uneoupled control of three-phase current; Each power cell adopts the converter structure of AC-DC-AC, each power cell comprises four-quadrant rectifier, DC capacitor C and H bridge inverter, it is four-quadrant rectifier on the left of DC capacitor C, AC network is connected by multi winding transformer isolation, four-quadrant rectifier serves as D.C. regulated power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor C, play the object to each power unit direct voltage Balance route, four-quadrant rectifier provides the part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current exported in offset current; Be H bridge inverter on the right side of DC capacitor C, after the cascade of each unit H bridge inverter, pass through reactance
l sconnect electrical network, H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task; When device compensates negative-sequence current, four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage for H bridge inverter.
the invention also discloses and a kind ofly apply the method that cascade connection type H bridge type DSTATCOM device carries out current separation compensation,four-quadrant rectifier serves as D.C. regulated power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor C, to each power unit direct voltage Balance route; When
dSTATCOM devicewhen compensating negative-sequence current, four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage for H bridge inverter; Four-quadrant rectifier provides the part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current exported in offset current; H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task.
The present invention has following beneficial effect: each unit rectifier of the present invention can respond the change of direct current active load in time, and provides fast energy transmission channel for it, stable DC voltage; The present invention distributes the capacity of rating of set unit rectification module and inversion module rationally, reduces overall volume and the cost of device; Reduce or cancellation element power cell DC capacitor voltage pulsating quantity, thus DC capacitor capacity can be reduced, reduce the cost of device further; Less DC voltage ripple, the harmonic content making to be refracted in device output voltage reduces, and effectively can improve the compensation effect of device especially harmonic current; During power cell H bridge inverter fault within device generation redundancy, after out of service for this unit inverter bypass, rectifier still can carry out reactive power compensation as reacance generator to system, thus improves device utilization ratio.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the single-phase main circuit structure of three-phase Cascade H bridge type DSTATCOM of the Y type mode of connection.
Fig. 2 is the equivalent-circuit model of each power unit module of device.
Fig. 3 is rating of set unit rectifier AC equilibrium transport spirogram.
Fig. 4 is rating of set unit H bridge inverter AC first-harmonic equilibrium transport spirogram.
Fig. 5 is that device exports three-phase negative/positive electric current equilibrium transport spirogram.
Embodiment
The present invention
comprisethe cascade structure of three-phase converter module, the present embodiment for single-phase problem analysis, its main circuit structure with reference to Fig. 1,
based on the Cascade H bridge type DSTATCOM device that current separation compensates, it is characterized in that it comprisesthe cascade structure of three-phase converter module; The cascade structure of three-phase converter module adopts y-type structure to connect, to realize the phase-splitting uneoupled control of three-phase current; Each power cell adopts the converter structure of AC-DC-AC, each power cell comprises four-quadrant rectifier, DC capacitor C and H bridge inverter, it is four-quadrant rectifier on the left of DC capacitor C, AC network is connected by multi winding transformer isolation, four-quadrant rectifier serves as D.C. regulated power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor C, play the object to each power unit direct voltage Balance route, four-quadrant rectifier provides the part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current exported in offset current; Be H bridge inverter on the right side of DC capacitor C, after the cascade of each unit H bridge inverter, pass through reactance
l sconnect electrical network, H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task; When device compensates negative-sequence current, four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage for H bridge inverter.
In Fig. 1, power cell adopts the version of AC-DC-AC, is H bridge main inverter on the right side of DC capacitor, each unit cascaded after pass through reactance
l sconnect electrical network; Be four-quadrant rectifier on the left of electric capacity, connect AC network by multi winding transformer isolation, on the one hand, as the auxiliary circuit of stable DC voltage, play the object to each power unit direct voltage Balance route; On the other hand, when DSTATCOM compensating three-phase unbalance electric current, for H bridge inverter provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage.
In practical engineering application, DSTATCOM in order to suppress impingement, the power quality problem such as voltage fluctuation and flicker, harmonic wave and three-phase imbalance that asymmetric, nonlinear-load causes power distribution network, need to comprise idle, negative phase-sequence and harmonic component in offset current.Traditional solution is that offset current is all born by H bridge inverter, and the active power part caused by negative sequence compensation electric current only born by rectifier.
the invention provides and a kind ofly apply the method that cascade connection type H bridge type DSTATCOM device carries out current separation compensation,four-quadrant rectifier serves as D.C. regulated power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor C, to each power unit direct voltage Balance route, works as while control
dSTATCOM devicewhen compensating negative-sequence current, four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage for H bridge inverter; Such four-quadrant rectifier provides the part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current exported in offset current; H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task.
The control program that a kind of current separation compensates is related in the present invention, part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current is provided by four-quadrant rectifier, and H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task, this scheme is mainly considered based on following three aspects:
The first, in traditional scheme, whole offset current is provided by H bridge inverter, and rectifier only provides the power component of the negative phase-sequence in whole offset current.Therefore, the capacity of inverter will considerably beyond rectifier capacity.Like this, on the one hand, because capacity volume variance can increase the complexity of parts selection; On the other hand, the price of switching device is usually along with the increase growth at double of capacity.And in this programme, part fundamental positive sequence is idle to be provided by rectifier, rectifier and inverter capacity can be made suitable, thus switching device type selecting is consistent, and due to the reduction of inverter capacity, device overall cost is reduced;
The second, for fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current, when this electric current flows through H bridge inverter, 2 pulsation of DC side energy can be caused; But for three-phase rectifier, due to three-phase symmetrical, there is no energy exchange with DC side, therefore DC side is not affected.Now, according to this programme design DC capacitor, the decline along with inverter compensation capacity declines by capacitance, can reduce the cost of device so further, reduce the volume of power cell;
3rd, during power cell H bridge inverter fault within device generation redundancy, after out of service for this unit inverter bypass, rectifier still can carry out reactive power compensation as reacance generator to system.
Now prove as follows with above-mentioned consideration:
The equivalent-circuit model of the single power unit module of device is with reference to Fig. 2.In figure, under indicating r, target parameter represents four-quadrant rectifier circuit, and under indicating s, target represents device main circuit parameter,
u ab1,
u ab2...,
u abnrepresent each unit output voltage respectively,
urepresent device output cascade voltage.To simplify the analysis, if three-phase system symmetry is undistorted, and A emf phase is:
（1）
In formula:
ωfor electrical network first-harmonic angular frequency.
In addition, because rectifier and H bridge inverter are isolated by DC capacitor, rectifier net side electromotive force can be made consistent with system electromotive force, namely
e ra=
e s.
1. four-quadrant rectifier DC side Mathematical Modeling
Three-phase rectifier switch adopts Unipolar SPWM modulator approach, if
d rk(
k=a, b, c) be each brachium pontis SPWM duty ratio, when SPWM switching frequency is far above mains frequency, then rectifier DC side electric current
i rdcwith AC three-phase current
i rk(
k=a, b, c) there is following relation:
（2）
Rectifier AC equilibrium transport magnitude relation reference Fig. 3,
θ rfor rectifier output voltage phasor
u r(ignoring HF switch harmonic component) is relative to voltage on line side phasor
e rphase angle,
φ rfor ac-side current phasor
i rrelative to
e rphase angle, then can set AC three-phase current as:
（3）
And three-phase duty cycle functions can be expressed as:
（4）
In formula:
m rfor the index of modulation of SPWM.
Formula (3), (4) are substituted into formula (2), after arrangement:
（5）
From formula (5), when rectifier is operated in three-phase symmetrical state, DC side electric current
i rdconly comprise DC quantity, corresponding to the active power that AC and DC side exchange, and there is no the exchange of reactive power, therefore can not cause DC capacitor energy hunting.In other words, when rectifier only exports three-phase symmetrical reactive power, with reference to Fig. 3, now
θ r=0 °,
φ r=90 °, convolution (5) is known
i rdcequal 0, now quadergy is only moved at three-phase alternating current effluent, does not have energy exchange with DC side.The second that this conclusion demonstrates the invention described above is considered.
2. H bridge inverter DC side Mathematical Modeling
The modulator approach of CPS-SPWM is adopted with reference to Fig. 1,2, cascade connection type DSTATCOM, because each unit H bridge inverter modulating wave is consistent, thus each unit output voltage
u abi(
i=1,2 ...,
n, filtering high frequency switching components) and identical, can unify to be set to
u ab, thus cascade unit always exports phase voltage and can be expressed as:
（6）
In formula:
nfor concatenation unit number.
H bridge current transformer AC and DC side voltage-current relationship can be expressed as:
（7）
（8）
In formula:
d a,
d bbe respectively the left and right brachium pontis duty ratio of H bridge,
i dcfor H bridge inverter DC side electric current.
Separately establish device output voltage
ufor:
（9）
In formula:
u 1,
u n(
n=2,3 ...) be respectively
ufirst-harmonic and higher harmonic components effective value,
θ 1,
θ n(
n=2,3 ...) be respectively
ufirst-harmonic and the initial phase angle of higher harmonic components.
Convolution (6) ~ (9), and make:
m n=
u n/ (
nU dc),
n=1,2 ..., then:
（10）
If device exports offset current
i sfor:
（11）
In formula
φ 1,
φ l(
l=2,3 ...) be
i sfirst-harmonic and the initial phase angle of higher harmonic components,
i 1m,
i lm(l=2,3 ...) be
i sfirst-harmonic and the amplitude of higher harmonic components.
Formula (11) is substituted into formula (10), and arranges:
（12）
From above formula,
i dcthere is 4 and formula part, wherein, the 2nd, 3 two parts are of ac, no longer further investigate here, below other two parts of selective analysis formula.
A, formula (12) part 1 to be launched:
（13）
Visible, there are AC and DC two parts in this part, the active power of wherein DC component correspondence transmission, and this active power is caused by first-harmonic negative sequence component in offset current, makes a concrete analysis of as follows:
With reference to Fig. 2, device AC voltage equation can be listed:
（14）
In fact, this linear equation can be split as first-harmonic and harmonic wave
nindividual part:
（15）
n=2、3、… （16）
In H bridge inverter AC first-harmonic equilibrium transport magnitude relation reference 4, figure,
i 1 +for fundamental positive sequence reactive current phasor,
i 1 -for fundamental negative sequence current phasor,
φ 1 -for phase angle.
As shown in Figure 4, due to the existence of negative sequence compensation electric current, there is the exchange of active power between device single phase system and electrical network, this active power size can show by three kinds of equivalent modes:
（17）
Thus the DC quantity in formula (13) can be expressed as:
（18）
In fact, the fundamental active power sum that device three-phase system and electrical network exchange is 0, with reference to Fig. 5.
The three phases active power sum can asked by Fig. 5:
（19）
B, formula (12) the 4th part to be launched:
（20）
For above formula, there are two product terms, part 1
n≠ l, this result of product is of ac; Part 2
n=l, can do further decomposition:
（21）
Part 2 in formula (21) is DC component, and corresponding to the active power that harmonic compensation current is formed, and in fact, this active power is 0, is analyzed as follows:
According to formula (16), corresponding subharmonic voltage
u nadvanced harmonic current
i nphase angle is 90 °, is also
θ l=90 °-
φ l, or
θ l+
φ l=90 °, substitute into formula (21).It should be noted that when there is harmonic component in system voltage, the above-mentioned conclusion being zero about harmonic wave active power is not necessarily set up, and here for simplifying the analysis, repeats no more.
In sum, the DC side electric current of H bridge inverter when compensating reactive power, negative phase-sequence and harmonic current can be obtained
i dcmodel:
（22）
Wherein:
It is visible,
i dccomprise and exchange A and DC B two parts, the corresponding AC ripple energy of A, exchange between H bridge inverter DC bus capacitor and AC reactance, this pulsation energy can cause the fluctuation of direct voltage, and fluctuating range is also relevant to capacitance; The corresponding direct current of B is gained merit energy, and caused by imbalance compensation electric current, this portion of energy is exchanged by four-quadrant rectifier on the left of power cell and electrical network.The second that this conclusion demonstrates the invention described above is further considered.
Claims (1)
1., based on the Cascade H bridge type DSTATCOM device that current separation compensates, it is characterized in that it comprises the cascade structure of three-phase converter module; The cascade structure of three-phase converter module adopts y-type structure to connect, to realize the phase-splitting uneoupled control of three-phase current; Each power cell adopts the converter structure of AC-DC-AC, each power cell comprises four-quadrant rectifier, DC capacitor C and H bridge inverter, it is four-quadrant rectifier on the left of DC capacitor C, AC network is connected by multi winding transformer isolation, four-quadrant rectifier serves as D.C. regulated power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor C, play the object to each power unit direct voltage Balance route, four-quadrant rectifier provides the part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current exported in offset current; Be H bridge inverter on the right side of DC capacitor C, by reactance three L after the cascade of each unit H bridge inverter
sconnect electrical network, H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task; When device compensates negative-sequence current, four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage for H bridge inverter, and described four-quadrant rectifier serves as D.C. regulated power supply in conjunction with DC capacitor C, to each power unit direct voltage Balance route; When DSTATCOM device compensates negative-sequence current, four-quadrant rectifier provides two-way meritorious energy flow passage for H bridge inverter; Four-quadrant rectifier provides the part or all of fundamental positive sequence reactive power compensation electric current exported in offset current; H bridge inverter only bears negative phase-sequence, harmonic wave or part reactive power compensation task.
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| EP4007158A4 (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2022-09-28 | Great Wall Motor Company Limited | Control method and controller |
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| CN104716656B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-02-22 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Cascading static synchronous reactive compensator topology with energy exchange unit and control method thereof |
| CN104578111B (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2017-06-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of static synchronous compensating device without electrochemical capacitor |
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