Electric automobile power battery management system based on ARM microprocessor
Technical field
The present invention relates to the system in a kind of electric automobile power battery management technique field, specifically, relate to one
Plant electric automobile power battery management system based on ARM microprocessor.
Background technology
Along with the development and progress of auto industry, people's dynamic property, economy, safety and discharge to automobile
The requirement of aspect is more and more higher, and new-energy automobile is increasingly becoming currently or even the developing direction of a period of time from now on,
And the electrokinetic cell of new-energy automobile is due to the particularity of himself, neither one manages system the most reliably
System, electrokinetic cell is easy to occur to overcharge, cross put, temperature crosses the problems such as height, the most then battery self performance occur
Decline, even there is catastrophe failure in the lost of life, heavy then affect electrokinetic cell inherently safe and personnel, vehicle
Safety.One reliable battery management system of performance is put for preventing over-charging of battery from crossing, and improves the utilization rate of battery,
Extend battery life significant, be just particularly important for new-energy automobile.
Current power battery management system there is problems in that (1) voltage detecting precision is the highest;(2) residue is held
Amount (SOC, State Of Charge) estimation error is bigger;SOC has for full-vehicle control and the acceleration of vehicle
The biggest impact;(3) after breaking down, the virtual condition of battery and variation tendency in a period of time before and after trouble point
Cannot review, be not easy to the lookup of problem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of based on ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) microprocessor
Electric automobile power battery management system, this system is that one is the most reliable, well-managed and particularly suitable
Power battery management system in electric automobile.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of electric powered motor based on ARM microprocessor electricity
Pond management system, including main control module, several are from control module, diagnostic device, monitoring device and some economize on electricitys
Pond, this main control module respectively with diagnostic device, monitoring device, electric automobile and several from control module electrically connect,
Each from control module electrically connect with the battery of identical joint number.
Described main control module uses 32-bit microprocessor based on ARM as master cpu.
Described main control module electrically connects with principal and subordinate's CAN, and principal and subordinate's CAN is electric from control module with several
Connect.
Described main control module is to respectively unifying calculation process from control module data, and this main control module is to battery charging and discharging electricity
Stream is acquired, estimates SOC, and this main control module sends current simultaneously to electric automobile CAN network
The important state information of battery and warning message, show for instrument and the reference of full-vehicle control, main control module is permissible
There is cell operating status and parameter information in some special time in record and storage fault, it is simple to problem is reviewed and former
Because analyzing.
Described monitoring device can travel at vehicle, charge or total electricity in the whole power battery pack of free time monitoring
Pressure, total current, each monomer voltage, battery temperature, residual capacity, battery health index (SOH, State of
Health), insulation resistance, duty and fault message.
Described diagnostic device can carry out communication with battery management system, dynamic in the before and after's special time that will break down
State and the variation tendency information of power battery store, and analyze judgement as professional, fix a breakdown
Raw data.
CAN transducer, a/d converter and RS232 interface is included inside described master cpu.This master control
CPU fast operation, reaches as high as the operation frequency of 60MHz in sheet, carry 10 bit A/D converters in sheet,
Conversion time as little as 2.44us.
Described main control module includes master cpu, current detecting unit, total voltage detection module, insulated monitoring mould
Block, thermal management unit, system clock, fault message and data storage cell, car body CAN transmitting-receiving mould
Block, diagnosis CAN transceiver module, RS232 communication interface, charger, SOC estimation block, SOH
Monitoring modular and charge control module, this master cpu respectively with current detecting unit, total voltage detection module,
Insulated monitoring module, thermal management unit, system clock and fault message and data storage cell electrical connection, described
Master cpu is connected with diagnostic device by diagnosis CAN transceiver module, master cpu and car body CAN
Bus transceiver module connects, and car body CAN transceiver module is connected with electric automobile and charger respectively,
Described master cpu is of coupled connections with SOC estimation block, SOH monitoring modular and charge control module respectively.
Described current detecting unit passes sequentially through current sensor and signal conditioning circuit is connected with master cpu.
Described fault message and data storage cell are connected with master cpu by I2C communication bus.
Described monitoring device is connected with RS232 communication interface by level switch module.
Described thermal management unit is connected with relay control module, relay control module respectively with heating film and wind
Fan connects.
Described car body CAN transceiver module and diagnosis CAN transceiver module all use the chip to be
CTM1050。
Described level switch module uses chip to be SP3232E.
Total voltage detection module in described main control module can gather total voltage, and current detecting unit can gather
Charging and discharging currents, insulated monitoring module can monitor insulation resistance, thermal management unit for the heat pipe of electrokinetic cell
Manage, this main control module carries out communication by car body CAN transceiver module and car load, SOC estimation block is entered
Row battery remaining power (SOC) estimation, SOH monitoring modular carry out battery health index estimation, charging controls mould
Block controls charging.
Described fault message and data storage cell have jumbo ferroelectric memory, and after power down, data can be protected
Depositing, the erasable number of times of 10,000,000,000 times even 100,000,000 times is substantially equal to be unlimited.
The monitoring personal safety to power battery pack self, electric automobile or even personnel in real time due to insulation resistance
Suffering from the biggest relation, described insulated monitoring module can carry out classification report by monitoring insulation situation in real time
Alert, slight electric leakage alarm is reminded and is wanted parking maintenance, if not having timely parking maintenance automatic when reaching seriously to report to the police
Cut off discharge and recharge relay, it is possible to ensure power battery pack and the safety of personnel.
Described current detecting unit can gather charging and discharging currents, it is possible to as the base of SOC ampere-hour accumulation estimation
Plinth, the precision of electric current directly affects the precision of SOC.
Described current detecting unit uses Hall element to gather electric current, when this sensor acquisition precision height, response
Between short.Accurately the be estimated as full-vehicle control of vehicle, the acceleration and deceleration etc. of SOC provide foundation accurately.The most permissible
Driver is allowed substantially to estimate the remaining mileage of wheeled.The estimation of SOH is directly connected to the life-span of electrokinetic cell,
Power battery management system can extend the service life of electrokinetic cell greatly by perfect administrative mechanism, to the greatest extent
The possible health index making electrokinetic cell maintains a higher level.
Described include from control CPU, the first collecting unit, the second collecting unit and I2C bus from control module, from
The control end of control CPU electrically connects with principal and subordinate's CAN, from the control of the communication terminal of control CPU with I2C bus
End processed electrically connects, and the communication terminal of two collecting units electrically connects with two sampling ends of I2C bus respectively, and first
The voltage sample end of collecting unit and temperature sampling end respectively with the outfan and first of the first to the 8th batteries
Temperature service observation equipment electrically connects, and the voltage sample end of the second collecting unit and temperature sampling end are respectively with the 9th to the
The outfan of 16 batteries and the electrical connection of the second temperature service observation equipment.
Described collecting unit includes battery cell monitoring chip, voltage acquisition module, equalization control module and temperature acquisition
Module, the input of battery cell monitoring chip respectively with voltage acquisition module, equalization control module and temperature acquisition mould
The outfan of block is of coupled connections, the input of voltage acquisition module and equalization control module all with first to the 8th section
Battery is of coupled connections, and input and the first temperature service observation equipment of temperature collect module are of coupled connections, battery cell monitoring
The outfan of chip is of coupled connections with I2C bus.
Described is LPC2194 from controlling CPU employing chip.
Described it is connected with the CAN interface of principal and subordinate's CAN by principal and subordinate's CAN transceiver module from control CPU.
Described from control module can gather cell voltage and battery temperature.It is described from control module collection monomer voltage,
Precision is high, the time period.The voltage of collection, temperature signal are sent to from control mould by serial i 2C bus simultaneously
The single-chip microcomputer of block.
The voltage sample end of described collecting unit and temperature sampling end are electrically connected with battery and temperature service observation equipment respectively
Connect.Cell voltage is acquired, monitors battery temperature in real time by described collecting unit, simultaneously and monolithic
Machine carries out communication by serial i 2C bus, and from the single-chip microcomputer of control module with main control module by principal and subordinate CAN
Bus carries out data exchange in real time and information is transmitted.
Owing to electrokinetic cell discharge capability in the environment of low temperature and high temperature is substantially reduced, the present invention can be according to reality
Time the temperature signal that gathers control to cool down fan or heating module duty, so that electrokinetic cell maintains
In one preferably environment, so for the raising of charging and discharging capabilities of battery and life-time dilatation all play to
Close important effect.
Charging controls particularly important for power battery pack, and reasonably charging control strategy is for battery
No less important, because should ensure that battery is completely filled with so that it is the electricity that can release is most, ensures again simultaneously
All batteries will not damage or reduce because overcharging the life-span, simultaneously will be to the battery temperature in charging process, charging
The parameters such as electric current are monitored and adjust so that it is be in optimal charged state all the time.
Native system can carry out communication with Vehicular charger or charging station, and whole charging process carries out omnidistance prison
Control, it is ensured that electrokinetic cell and the trouble free service of charger.Native system has relay control signal output,
To control discharge and recharge relay and other vehicle mounted electrical apparatus etc..
Native system mainly completes the power battery pack status monitoring when real vehicle runs and information transmission, and state is supervised
Survey includes cell voltage, assembled battery total voltage, charging and discharging currents, battery temperature, insulating monitoring etc., will simultaneously
The various alarm signal of set of cells is sent to full-vehicle control unit by principal and subordinate's CAN, for full-vehicle control conduct
Reference.Real-time estimation battery remaining power SOC and battery health index SOH simultaneously.According further to car load control
System strategy completes the control to high-voltage relay, and according to ambient temperature in battery case, set of cells is carried out heat pipe
Reason.
Native system can gather each monomer battery voltage, total voltage, charging and discharging currents, battery temperature by accurate
Degree, the real-time of insulating properties of battery are monitored and Residual capacity prediction, effectively prevent over-charging of battery, mistake from putting,
Overheated etc., improve battery utilization rate, extend battery life, the use safety of guarantee battery, thus ensure the person
Safety with vehicle.
Native system on the one hand parameters various to battery, state are acquired, monitor, simultaneously can be according to battery
After protection requirement and full-vehicle control need to carry out comprehensive descision, provide power by principal and subordinate's CAN to car load
The real-time status of battery and various fault message, additionally can pass through diagnostic device and monitoring device to electrokinetic cell
Current details carry out checking and parameter calibration, greatly facilitate the diagnosis to electrokinetic cell and maintenance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the theory diagram of present system.
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of the main control module of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the theory diagram from control module of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the theory diagram of the collecting unit from control module of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.Should be understood that following example are only used for
Illustrate rather than for limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As it is shown in figure 1, the power battery management system based on ARM microprocessor of the present invention, including master control
Module 1, principal and subordinate's CAN 2, several are from control module 3, diagnostic device 4, monitoring device 5 and some
Batteries 6, this main control module 1 electrically connects with diagnostic device 4, monitoring device 5 and electric automobile 7 respectively,
Main control module 1 electrically connects with principal and subordinate's CAN 2, and principal and subordinate's CAN 2 is electric from control module 3 with several
Connect, each from control module 3 electrically connect with the battery 6 of identical joint number.
Described main control module 1 is to respectively unifying calculation process from control module 3 data, and this main control module 1 is to battery 6
Charging and discharging currents is acquired, estimates SOC, and this main control module 1 is simultaneously to electric automobile CAN net
Network sends important state information and the warning message of present battery 6, shows for instrument and the reference of full-vehicle control,
Main control module 1 can record and store fault and 5 minutes battery 6 duties and parameter information before and after point occurs,
It is easy to problem review and the analysis of causes.
Any times such as described monitoring device 5 can travel at vehicle, charges, idle monitor whole electrokinetic cells
Total voltage, total current, each monomer voltage, battery 6 temperature, SOC, SOH, insulation resistance, work in group
State, fault message etc..
Described diagnostic device 4 can manage system with battery 6 and carry out communication, will break down before and after in 5 minutes
State and the variation tendency information of electrokinetic cell stores, and analyzes judgement as professional, fixes a breakdown
Raw data.
Described main control module 1 use 32-bit microprocessor based on ARM as master cpu 11, this master control
CAN transducer, a/d converter and RS232 interface is included inside CPU11.The type of described master cpu 11
Number it is LPC2294.This master cpu 11 fast operation, reaches as high as the operation frequency of 60MHz in sheet,
Carry 10 bit A/D converters in sheet, change time as little as 2.44us.
As in figure 2 it is shown, described main control module 1 includes master cpu 11, current detecting unit 12, total voltage
Detection module 13, insulated monitoring module 14, thermal management unit 15, system clock 16, fault message and data
Memory element 17, car body CAN transceiver module 19, diagnosis CAN transceiver module 18, RS232
Communication interface 20, charger 10, SOC estimation block 21, SOH monitoring modular 22 and charging control mould
Block 29, this master cpu 11 respectively with current detecting unit 12, total voltage detection module 13, insulated monitoring mould
Block 14, thermal management unit 15, system clock 16 and fault message and data storage cell 17 electrically connect, institute
State master cpu 11 to be connected with diagnostic device 4 by diagnosis CAN transceiver module 18, master cpu 11
Be connected with car body CAN transceiver module 19, car body CAN transceiver module 19 respectively with electric automobile
7 and charger 10 connect, described master cpu 11 monitors mould with SOC estimation block 21, SOH respectively
Block 22 and charge control module 29 are of coupled connections.
Described current detecting unit 12 passes sequentially through current sensor 24 and signal conditioning circuit 23 and master control
CPU11 connects.
Described fault message and data storage cell 17 are connected with master cpu 11 by I2C communication bus.
Described monitoring device 5 is connected with RS232 communication interface 20 by level switch module 28.
Described thermal management unit 15 is connected with relay control module 25, relay control module 25 respectively with
Heating film 26 and fan 27 connect.
Described car body CAN transceiver module 19 and diagnosis CAN transceiver module 18 all use the chip to be
CTM1050。
Described level switch module 28 uses chip to be SP3232E.
Total voltage detection module 13 in described main control module 1 can gather total voltage, current detecting unit 12
Can gather charging and discharging currents, insulated monitoring module 14 can monitor insulation resistance, thermal management unit 15 is used for
The heat management of electrokinetic cell, this main control module 1 are led to car load by car body CAN transceiver module 19
News, SOC estimation block carry out battery 6 residual capacity (SOC) estimation, SOH monitoring modular carries out battery 6 and is good for
The estimation of health index, charge control module control charging.
Described fault message and data storage cell 17 have jumbo ferroelectric memory, and after power down, data can
To preserve, the erasable number of times of 10,000,000,000 times even 100,000,000 times is substantially equal to be unlimited.
The model of described ferroelectric memory is FM24V10.
The monitoring personal safety to power battery pack self, electric automobile or even personnel in real time due to insulation resistance
Suffering from the biggest relation, described insulated monitoring module 14 can carry out classification by monitoring insulation situation in real time
Reporting to the police, slight electric leakage alarm is reminded and is wanted parking maintenance, if when not having timely parking maintenance to reach seriously to report to the police certainly
Dynamic cut-out discharge and recharge relay, it is possible to ensure power battery pack and the safety of personnel.
Described current detecting unit 12 can gather charging and discharging currents, it is possible to as the accumulation estimation of SOC ampere-hour
Basis, the precision of electric current directly affects the precision of SOC.
Described current detecting unit 12 uses Hall element to gather electric current, and this sensor acquisition precision is high, sound
Between Ying Shi short.Accurately the be estimated as full-vehicle control of vehicle, the acceleration and deceleration etc. of SOC provide foundation accurately.Simultaneously
Driver can be allowed substantially to estimate the remaining mileage of wheeled.The estimation of SOH is directly connected to the longevity of electrokinetic cell
Life, power battery management system can extend the use longevity of electrokinetic cell greatly by perfect administrative mechanism
Life, makes the health index of electrokinetic cell maintain a higher level as far as possible.
Include from control CPU31, the first collecting unit 32 as it is shown on figure 3, described from control module 3, second adopt
Collection unit 33 and I2C bus 34, electrically connects with principal and subordinate's CAN 2 from the control end of control CPU31, from
The communication terminal of control CPU31 electrically connects with the control end of I2C bus 34, leading to of two collecting units 32,33
News end electrically connect with two sampling ends of I2C bus 34 respectively, the voltage sample end of the first collecting unit 32 with
Temperature sampling end outfan and the first temperature service observation equipment 35 with the first to the 8th batteries 61 respectively is electrically connected
Connect, the voltage sample end of the second collecting unit 33 and temperature sampling end respectively with the 9th to the 16th batteries 62
Outfan and the second temperature service observation equipment 36 electrically connect.
Described temperature service observation equipment 35,36 includes three temperature sensors.
Described collecting unit 32 or 33 includes battery cell monitoring chip 321, voltage acquisition module 322, equilibrium control
Molding block 323 and temperature collect module 324, the input of battery cell monitoring chip 321 respectively with voltage acquisition mould
The outfan of block 322, equalization control module 323 and temperature collect module 324 is of coupled connections, voltage acquisition mould
The input of block 322 and equalization control module 323 is all of coupled connections with the first to the 8th batteries 61, temperature
Input and the first temperature service observation equipment 35 of acquisition module 324 are of coupled connections, battery cell monitoring chip 321
Outfan is of coupled connections with I2C bus 34.
Described is LPC2194 from controlling CPU31 employing chip.
Described from control CPU31 connect by the CAN of principal and subordinate's CAN transceiver module 37 with principal and subordinate's CAN 2
Mouth connects.
Described from control module 3 can gather battery 6 voltage and battery 6 temperature.Described from control module 3 gather list
Bulk voltage, precision is high, the time period.Simultaneously by the voltage gathered, temperature signal by serial i 2C bus 34
Be sent to from control module 3 from control CPU31.
The voltage sample end of described collecting unit 32,33 and temperature sampling end supervise with battery 6 and temperature respectively
Equipment electrically connects.Battery 6 voltage is acquired, monitors battery 6 temperature in real time by described collecting unit,
Simultaneously carry out communication with from control CPU31 by serial i 2C bus 34, and from control module 3 from control CPU31
Carry out data with main control module 1 in real time by principal and subordinate's CAN 2 to exchange and information transmission.
As it is shown in figure 1, owing to electrokinetic cell discharge capability in the environment of low temperature and high temperature is substantially reduced, this
Bright can control to cool down fan or heating module duty according to the temperature signal of Real-time Collection, so that
Electrokinetic cell maintains one preferably in environment, so for the raising of charging and discharging capabilities and the life-span of battery 6
Prolongation all play vital effect.
Charging controls particularly important for power battery pack, and reasonably charging control strategy is for battery 6
Say no less important, because should ensure that battery 6 is completely filled with so that it is the electricity that can release is most, the most again
Ensure that all batteries 6 will not damage or reduce because overcharging the life-span, simultaneously will be to battery 6 temperature in charging process
The parameters such as degree, charging current are monitored and adjust so that it is be in optimal charged state all the time.
Native system can carry out communication with Vehicular charger or charging station, and whole charging process carries out omnidistance prison
Control, it is ensured that electrokinetic cell and the trouble free service of charger 10.It is defeated that native system has relay control signal
Go out, to control discharge and recharge relay and other vehicle mounted electrical apparatus etc..
Native system mainly completes the power battery pack status monitoring when real vehicle runs and information transmission, and state is supervised
Survey includes battery 6 voltage, assembled battery total voltage, charging and discharging currents, battery 6 temperature, insulating monitoring etc., with
Time 6 groups of various alarm signals of battery are sent to full-vehicle control unit by car body CAN transceiver module 19,
For full-vehicle control as reference.Real-time estimation battery 6 residual capacity SOC and battery 6 health index SOH simultaneously.
The control to high-voltage relay is completed according further to integrated vehicle control tactics, and according to ambient temperature pair in battery 6 casees
6 groups of battery carries out heat management.
Native system can gather each cell 6 voltage, total voltage, charging and discharging currents, battery by accurate
6 temperature, the real-time of insulating properties of battery 6 are monitored and Residual capacity prediction, effectively prevent battery 6 mistake
Fill, cross put, overheated etc., improve battery 6 utilization rate, extend battery 6 life-span, ensure the use peace of battery 6
Entirely, thus ensure the person and the safety of vehicle.
Native system on the one hand parameters various to battery 6, state are acquired, monitor, simultaneously can be according to battery
After the protection requirement of 6 and full-vehicle control need to carry out comprehensive descision, provided to car load by principal and subordinate's CAN 2
The real-time status of electrokinetic cell and various fault message, additionally can be right by diagnostic device 4 and monitoring device 5
The current details of electrokinetic cell carry out checking and parameter calibration, greatly facilitate the diagnosis to electrokinetic cell
And maintenance.