CN102589425B - Measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope - Google Patents
Measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102589425B CN102589425B CN201210008206.XA CN201210008206A CN102589425B CN 102589425 B CN102589425 B CN 102589425B CN 201210008206 A CN201210008206 A CN 201210008206A CN 102589425 B CN102589425 B CN 102589425B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring method for a unit panel of a reflecting surface of a spherical radio telescope. The measuring method can effectively solve the problem of rapidly and accurately measuring the unit panel of the spherical radio telescope. The measuring method comprises the following steps of: laying circular directional reflective signs on 66 adjusting nodes of each panel, placing a code sign framework on a signal panel, and laying code signs on the code sign frameworks, and calculating the sizes of artificial signs; pushing unit antenna panels into the code sign frameworks, and moving a camera for measurement; calculating through a photographic surveying system, and finishing the splicing of images and the transfer of coordinate relationships between measuring points; and carrying out optimal calculation by using a measured data analysis system, a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) model and measuring data to obtain the profile accuracy of the panel, and leading out a three-dimensional displayed deviation value needle-like pattern and a deviation value data statement, thereby finishing the measurement of the unit panel of the spherical radio telescope. The measuring method has the advantages of simpleness, easiness in operation, small labor intensity, fast speed, time and labor saving and high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spherical radio telescope (FAST) measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface.
Background technology
The pre-research of spherical radio telescope (FAST) starts from 1994 Nian，You State Astronomical Observatory, CAS and presides over, and over one hundred key scientific and technological personnel of national 20Yu Suo university and research institute participates in, and has broad co-operation with English, lotus, moral, Australia, U.S. etc.In July, 2007, the National Development and Reform Commission agrees in principle to list 500 meters of bore spherical radio telescopes (FAST) project in the national development for hi-tech industry project scheduling, and the FAST of State Astronomical Observatory, CAS project formally completes country's project verification.Project construction place is the south of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Province autonomous prefecture, 5.5 years construction periods.
FAST is about to the maximum list Aperture Telescope of construction at present in the world, it utilizes the hollow hole of the natural karst in Guizhou as platform location, in hollow hole, lay thousands of module unit panels and form 500 meters of spherical crown shape Active Reflectors, and adopt light-duty rope tractor and parallel robot, can realize the hi-Fix of telescope receiver.
FAST reflecting surface is comprised of 4400 module unit panels (spherical triangle), amounts to more than 180 types.Unit panel is the about 11m of the length of side, radius-of-curvature 315m spherical triangle.On each panel, arrange 66 knot modifications; Unit panel air permeability rate is 50%.Due to the panel detection at FAST installation of project scene, at present artificial conventional method workload large (4400 module unit panel), the time is long, and does not guarantee the precision of measurement, affects result of use, can not meet in-site measurement basic demand fast, accurately.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned situation, for overcoming the defect in prior art, the present invention's object is just to provide a kind of spherical radio telescope (FAST) measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface, can effectively solve the problem of measuring fast and accurately to spherical radio telescope unit panel.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves is to be realized by following steps:
1, first, lay survey mark: survey mark comprises artificial circular directional reflective sign and artificial coding maker, general designation artificial target, method is, on 66 knot modifications of each panel, lay circular directional reflective sign (retro-reflective target, is abbreviated as RRT), on single panel, place coding maker framework, on coding maker framework, lay coding maker, and calculate artificial target's size;
2, carry out the photogrammetric of panel: element antenna panel is placed on travelling car, is pushed in coding maker framework, by controlling camera delivery system, mobile camera is measured;
3, coordinate calculates: the Survey Software by Digital Photogrammetric System is calculated, and completes the transmission to coordinate relation between the splicing of image and measuring point;
4, analytical calculation: method is, utilize measurement data analytic system to carry out, this system is the Usual Curved Surfaces analysis software based on CAD function, every type of panel adds cad model man-hour, analytic system is used cad model and measurement data to carry out Optimal calculation, obtain the surface precision of panel, derive departure needle-like figure and the departure data sheet of 3-D display, thereby complete the measurement to spherical radio telescope unit panel.
Method of testing of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, and labour intensity is little, and speed is fast, time saving and energy saving, and precision is high, effectively guarantees the result of use of spherical radio telescope.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete condition, the specific embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The present invention, in concrete enforcement, is realized by following steps:
1, lay survey mark: survey mark comprises two kinds of artificial targets, be circular directional reflective sign and coding maker, the feature of circular directional reflective sign is, reflecting brightness exceeds hundreds of even thousands of times than the white marker of diffusion routine, can easily obtain measured target thing self image " blanking " and clear and outstanding especially " Binary image " of the conformation of circular directional reflective sign, lay the coding maker that circular directional reflective sign and retroreflecting material are made, for realizing splicing and the calculation automation of photograph, method is, on 66 knot modifications of unit panel, paste circular directional reflective sign, other position of unit panel according to demand, the measuring circular directional reflective sign that can increase some is used as pass point, can fully reflect unit panel state,
Adopt coding maker framework, be arranged on the top of unit panel, coding maker framework is all put long bonding jumper parallel to each other by many and is fixed on support and forms, the effect of coding maker framework is that coded target can be reused when measuring 4400 module unit panel, according to the actual conditions of the size of coding maker framework and measurement, on every, all install 13 of coding makers, average 1 meter of distance is laid 1, altogether lay 143, with respect to photography precision and shooting distance in the situation that, calculate artificial target's size, in image processing and analytic process, artificial target's imaging on photo is of a size of
to guarantee image extraction accuracy,
Artificial target's size is calculated work formula:
Wherein, d is artificial target's diameter, and c is artificial target's picture point diametric(al) number of pixels, and r is Pixel Dimensions 0.0076mm, and l (2.5m) is space photography distance, and f is camera focus 8.5mm, and in formula, c >=5 can be calculated d=11.2mm; Consider field condition and measuring accuracy, what in measurement, use is circular directional reflective sign and the coding maker that diameter d is 11-12mm;
2, carry out the photogrammetric of panel: unit panel is placed on travelling car, is pushed in coding maker framework, by controlling camera delivery system (as stepper motor), mobile camera is measured;
Panel measuring process is to measure the process that photograph gathers.Except photograph image quality, the degree of overlapping of measuring photograph is also the key of panel measuring, and the quality of its degree of overlapping, determines follow-up result of calculation, the success or failure that even impact is this time measured.Only focus on Duplication, can increase and measure the photo needing, efficiency is measured in impact, therefore, design the Duplication of photograph, according to the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%, each monumented point at least has three sheet photos to its imaging, both measuring accuracy can be guaranteed, measurement efficiency can be improved again;
Its field angle of camera in photogrammetric is θ=50.68 °, photo distance (being the distance between camera and unit under test panel) H=2.5m, its single photography object space coverage length D=2Htan (θ/2), D=2.368m, according to the principle of the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%, by camera single displacement λ=D * 0.4=947.2mm, adopt conventional " strip coating method " to measure unit panel, be about to camera above unit panel along track single slip 947.2mm, and unit panel is taken pictures once, after treating that this band is taken covering once, camera is changed to another guide rail, repeat above-mentioned steps, until whole unit panel covering photography is complete,
Utilize strip coating method to measure unit panel, both can meet the requirement of photography net form and measuring accuracy, again easy and realization;
3, coordinate calculates: the Survey Software by Digital Photogrammetric System is calculated, position relationship between each camera (claiming again camera to take the photograph station) need to utilize coding maker transmission, the cardinal principle of utilizing coding maker to carry out Image Mosaics is coding maker to be had in measuring to the reference mark of known coordinate, known spatial information by these reference mark, by resection principle, obtain the elements of exterior orientation of every width photo, thereby complete the transmission to coordinate relation between the splicing of image and camera, the calculating of coordinate is to be undertaken by the Survey Software of Digital Photogrammetric System specialty, simple and quick,
4, analytical calculation: method is, utilize measurement data analytic system to carry out, this system is the Usual Curved Surfaces analysis software based on CAD function, and every type of panel adds cad model man-hour, analytic system is used cad model and measurement data to carry out Optimal calculation, obtains the surface precision situation of panel;
Analytic process is, utilize Surface Analysis software, import respectively measurement point set and its digital-to-analogue (IGS form) of unit panel, after exact matching, the actual deviation amount of 66 knot modifications on computing unit panel, meanwhile, derive departure needle-like figure and the departure data sheet of 3-D display, thereby complete the measurement to spherical radio telescope unit panel;
5, the measurement of gravity deformation impact: because unit panel is along with the difference at angle of inclination, can produce different gravity deformations, need to measure gravity deformation impact, if every heeling condition lower unit panel is carried out to same tilt measurement of angle, can increase surveying work amount and measure difficulty; Therefore, measurement on gravity deformation impact is essential, method is, adopt conventional simulation analysis and the measurement method of inspection to carry out, unit panel is lain in to (upper producing and travel position) on workbench, use one camera Digital Photogrammetric System to measure, according to measurement result computational analysis panel surface precision situation, unit panel is placed on to set angle.Adopt the method same with previous step to measure and analyze, calculate the deformation of unit panel flat condition and heeling condition, heeling condition deflection can compare with simulation result simultaneously, by repeatedly measuring and revising, finally determine the mathematical model of emulation, with simulation mathematical model, the panel of same type is carried out to the unit panel deformation that mathematical simulation can obtain heeling condition.
The inventive method is easy to operate, speed is fast, measure accurately, through repetition test repeatedly and on probation, and compare with existing conventional method, obtained satisfied effect, show that the inventive method is reliable and stable, there is very strong applicability, profile precision≤the 0.8mm of unit panel, monolithic unit panel measuring time≤10min, test effect is all better than existing method, and greatly reduced on-the-spot test job amount, increase work efficiency more than 5 times, greatly reduce labour intensity simultaneously, the panel detection method that has effectively met FAST erecting stage is simple, fast, requirement accurately, that one on measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope created greatly.
Claims (2)
1. a measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope, is characterized in that, by following steps, is realized:
(1), lay survey mark: survey mark comprises two kinds of artificial targets, be circular directional reflective sign and coding maker, lay the coding maker that circular directional reflective sign and retroreflecting material are made, for realizing splicing and the calculation automation of photograph, method is, on 66 knot modifications of unit panel, pastes circular directional reflective sign, and other position of unit panel according to demand, can increase circular directional reflective sign as pass point, can fully reflect unit panel state;
Adopt coding maker framework, be arranged on the top of unit panel, coding maker framework is all put long bonding jumper parallel to each other by many and is fixed on support and forms, on every, all install 13 of coding makers, average 1 meter of distance is laid 1, altogether lay 143, artificial target's imaging on photo is of a size of
pixel, to guarantee image extraction accuracy;
Artificial target's size is calculated work formula:
Wherein, d is artificial target's diameter, and c is artificial target's picture point diametric(al) number of pixels, and r is Pixel Dimensions, and l is space photography distance, and f is camera focus;
(2), carry out the photogrammetric of panel: unit panel is placed on travelling car, is pushed in coding maker framework, by controlling camera delivery system, mobile camera is measured;
Unit panel measuring process, to measure the process that photograph gathers, except photograph image quality, the degree of overlapping of measuring photograph is also the key of panel measuring, according to the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%, each monumented point at least has three sheet photos to its imaging, both can guarantee measuring accuracy, can improve measurement efficiency again;
Viewing field of camera angle in photogrammetric is θ=50.68 °, photo distance H=2.5m, its single photography object space coverage length D=2Htan (θ/2), according to the principle of the Duplication of adjacent two sheet photos 60%, camera single displacement λ=D * 0.4=947.2mm, adopt conventional " strip coating method " to measure unit panel, by camera above unit panel along track single slip 947.2mm, and unit panel is taken pictures once, after treating that this band is taken covering once, camera is changed to another guide rail, repeat above-mentioned steps, until whole unit panel covering photography is complete,
(3), coordinate calculates: the Survey Software by Digital Photogrammetric System is calculated, position relationship between each camera need to utilize coding maker transmission, utilize coding maker to carry out Image Mosaics, coding maker is there is in measuring to the reference mark of known coordinate, known spatial information by these reference mark, by resection principle, obtain the elements of exterior orientation of every width photo, thereby complete the transmission to coordinate relation between the splicing of image and camera, the calculating of coordinate is to be undertaken by the conventional Survey Software of Digital Photogrammetric System;
(4), analytical calculation: method is, utilize measurement data analytic system to carry out, this system is the Usual Curved Surfaces analysis software based on CAD function, every type of panel adds cad model man-hour, analytic system is used cad model and measurement data to carry out Optimal calculation, obtains the surface precision situation of panel;
Analytic process is, utilizes Surface Analysis software, imports respectively measurement point set and its IGS form digital-to-analogue of unit panel, after exact matching, the actual deviation amount of 66 knot modifications on computing unit panel, meanwhile, derives departure needle-like figure and the departure data sheet of 3-D display;
(5), the measurement of unit panel of reflecting surface gravity deformation impact, method is, adopt conventional simulation analysis and the measurement method of inspection to carry out, unit panel is lain on workbench, use one camera Digital Photogrammetric System to measure, according to measurement result computational analysis panel surface precision situation, unit panel is placed on to set angle, adopt the method same with previous step to measure and analyze, calculate the deformation of unit panel flat condition and heeling condition, heeling condition deflection can compare with simulation result simultaneously, by repeatedly measuring and revising, finally determine the mathematical model of emulation, with simulation mathematical model, the panel of same type is carried out to mathematical simulation, can obtain the unit panel deformation of heeling condition.
2. measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, artificial target's diameter d described in step (1) is 11-12mm, artificial target's picture point diametric(al) number of pixels c >=5, Pixel Dimensions r is 0.0076mm, space photography is 2.5m apart from l, and camera focus f is 8.5mm.
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| CN104101297B (en) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-02-08 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Space object dimension acquisition method based on photoelectric observation |
| CN108375347A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-08-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of FAST radio telescopes reflecting surface unit accuracy measurement system and method |
| CN109737886B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2021-02-09 | 重庆邮电大学 | Array photoelectric system for measuring deformation of reflecting surface connecting point of main antenna of radio telescope |
| CN110375705B (en) * | 2019-08-20 | 2020-07-21 | 大连理工大学 | Antenna reflector and profile deformation measuring method and contrast measuring method thereof |
| CN111089535B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-05-28 | 上海交通大学 | Method and system for detecting deformation of antenna reflecting surface of radio telescope |
| CN111180896B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-12-03 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | System and method for processing data measured by reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope |
| CN113989105B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-08-16 | 季华实验室 | Single-camera spherical mirror reflection imaging projection device |
| CN115143894A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-10-04 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for measuring deformation of viscous soil body in geotechnical centrifugal model test |
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