CN102587447A - Water harvesting surface for collecting rainfall and method for manufacturing water harvesting surface - Google Patents
Water harvesting surface for collecting rainfall and method for manufacturing water harvesting surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN102587447A CN102587447A CN2012100260122A CN201210026012A CN102587447A CN 102587447 A CN102587447 A CN 102587447A CN 2012100260122 A CN2012100260122 A CN 2012100260122A CN 201210026012 A CN201210026012 A CN 201210026012A CN 102587447 A CN102587447 A CN 102587447A
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- collection rain
- plain soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/108—Rainwater harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses a water harvesting surface for collecting rainfall and a method for manufacturing the water harvesting surface. The water harvesting surface comprises a tamped plain subgrade layer and a surface layer laid on the tamped plain subgrade layer, plain earth is tamped to form the tamped plain subgrade, the surface layer includes calcined limestone powder, natural alunite powder, natural hard gypsum powder, common silicate cement, earth and water, the mass ratio of the calcined limestone powder, the natural alunite powder, the natural hard gypsum powder, the common silicate cement, the earth to the water is (0.2-0.3):(0.3-0.4):(0.4-0.5):(8-12):(70-90):(10-30), the longitudinal gradient of the water harvesting surface ranges from 0.033 to 0.1, and the transverse gradient of the water harvesting surface ranges from 0.02 to 0.05. Water harvesting efficiency of the water harvesting surface can reach 80% to 90%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of collection rain face that is used to collect precipitation and preparation method thereof, belong to the required Rainwater Collecting and Storing Projects technical field of drought-hit area rural production, life and improvement of the ecological environment.
Background technology
China's drought-hit area amount of precipitation is limited, and water resource quantity is few, and the crop water amount of waning is bigger, seriously restricts the development of local agricultural production, also has a strong impact on drought-hit area resident living and improvement of the ecological environment.Take to make afflux face and water cellar (kiln, the pond) mode of combining collect, store rainy season rainfall runoff to be used be the effective measures of alleviating drought and water shortage area water scarcity; Can promote the development and the improvement of the ecological environment of drought-hit area agricultural production, improve drought-hit area resident living condition.Some mix curing compound compacting soil collection rain, rammed earth collection rain face, rammed concrete collection rain face all is the common collection rain Noodles types in drought-hit area.Be characterized in that cost of manufacture is lower, technology is simple, but because of collection rain efficient is not high, the runoff that on the afflux face, forms during little amount of precipitation is less relatively, even can not form runoff, can't fully satisfy the requirement that harvests rainwater.Therefore, employ new technology that to improve collection rain efficient very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly collect higher being used to of rain efficient and collect collection rain face of precipitation and preparation method thereof.
A kind of collection rain face that is used to collect precipitation provided by the present invention is formed by tamping plain soil matrix layer and being layed in this surface layer of tamping on the plain soil matrix layer;
The plain soil matrix layer of said compacting is obtained through compacting by plain soil;
Said surface layer is made up of lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water; The ratio of quality and the number of copies of said lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water is (0.2～0.3): (0.3～0.4): (0.4～0.5): (8～12): (70～90): (10～30) specifically can be 0.25: 0.33: 0.42: 10: 77: 14,0.3: 0.4: 0.5: 12: 90: 30 or 0.2: 0.3: 0.4: 8: 70: 10.
The longitudinal grade of said collection rain face is 0.033～0.1, specifically can be 0.033,0.06 or 0.07, and cross fall is 0.02～0.05, specifically can be 0.02 or 0.04.
In the above-mentioned collection rain face, said lime burning rock dust is by limestone levigate obtaining after calcining; The active calcium ion content of said lime burning rock dust is not less than 85%, as 85.5%, 86% or 87%.
In the above-mentioned collection rain face, the temperature of said calcining can be 1200 ℃～1600 ℃, specifically can be 1260 ℃, 1200 ℃ or 1600 ℃; The time of said calcining is 0.5h～1.2h, specifically can be 0.8h, 1h or 1.2h.
In the above-mentioned collection rain face, the fineness of said lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder is: in screen size is that tailing on the 1.18mm square hole screen is not more than 0.5%, as 0.45%, 0.48% or 0.49%.
In the above-mentioned collection rain face, said plain soil is crossed by said earth material that the 15mm square hole screen obtains.
In the above-mentioned collection rain face, the dry density of the plain soil layer of said compacting is 1.5t/m
3～1.6t/m
3, like 1.5t/m
3, 1.54t/m
3Or 1.6t/m
3
In the above-mentioned collection rain face, the plain the thickness of the layer of said compacting is 10cm～11cm, specifically can be 10cm or 11cm; The thickness of said surface layer is 2.5cm～3.5cm, specifically can be 3.0cm or 3.5cm.
In the above-mentioned collection rain face; The particle composition of said earth material specifically can be: grain diameter is that the soil particle quality percentage composition of 0.5mm～1.0mm is 0%～8%; Grain diameter is that the soil particle quality percentage composition of 0.25mm～0.5mm is 0%～15%; The soil particle quality percentage composition of grain diameter 0.05mm～0.25mm is 1%～50%; Grain diameter is that the soil particle quality percentage composition of 0.01～0.05mm is 2%～70%, and grain diameter is that the soil particle quality percentage composition of 0.01～0.001mm is 2%～75%, and grain diameter is 1%～37% less than the soil particle quality percentage composition of 0.001mm.
The preparation method of the above-mentioned collection rain of the present invention face comprises the steps:
(1) spreads out and puts on said plain soil to the face of land and tamp and obtain the plain soil layer of said compacting; The longitudinal grade on the said face of land is 0.1～0.33, and cross fall is 0.02～0.05;
(2) according to said ratio of quality and the number of copies; Earlier said lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder are stirred; Stir into uniform slurry with said Portland cement, earth material and water again, said slurry is smeared promptly got the collection rain face of forming by plain soil layer of compacting and surface layer on the plain soil layer of said compacting.
Collection rain face provided by the invention, its collection rain efficient can reach 80%～90%.
In the surface material of collection rain face provided by the invention, the main component of lime burning rock dust is CaO, forms calcium hydroxide with the fast speeds aquation behind the chance water; Solid volume increases in course of reaction; Volumetric change situation before and after its reaction expression and the reaction sees that (calculate used data draws from document table 1: Lea, F.M., The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete; Third Edition.Glasgow:Edward Arnold Limited, 1970); The Ca (OH) that aquation is separated out behind the Portland cement chance water
2, with the Al in native alum stone flour and the natural anhydrite powder
3+And SO
4 2+Can generate trithiophenol salt type aquation calcium sulphoaluminate crystal 3 CaOAl
2O
33CaSO
432H
2(abbreviated formula does O
), solid volume increases, and the volumetric change situation before and after its reaction expression and the reaction sees that (calculate used data draws from document table 2: Lea; F.M.; The Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, Third Edition.Glasgow:Edward Arnold Limited, 1970).
The early strength of Portland cement slurry is mainly by 3CaOSiO
2(abbreviated formula is C
3S) and 3CaOAl
2O
3(abbreviated formula is C
3A) decision of aquation, there is good correlation the concluding time of its initial setting time and aquation induction period; Because the lime burning rock dust is at 3CaOSiO
2Also form Ca (OH) in the time of aquation with hydrate
2, and get into liquid phase, make the Ca in the solution
2+And OH
-Concentration reaches capacity in advance, and the coring crystallization is separated out, and finished induction period in advance, has quickened 3CaOSiO
2The aquation process, shortened cement setting time, improved the early strength of cement; 3CaOAl
2O
3Be to meet the strongest mineral of water activity in the Portland cement, when the active alkali sulfur calcium in the cement was sufficient, its aquation formed stable hydrated product trithiophenol salt type aquation calcium sulphoaluminate crystal; The dissolution velocity of natural anhydrite powder is slower, and is not remarkable to the influence of induction period; The alum stone flour is an activator, can strengthen the hydration capability of natural anhydrite powder, helps the formation of trithiophenol salt type aquation calcium sulphoaluminate crystal; Because the lime burning rock dust forms calcium hydroxide with the fast speeds aquation after meeting water, produces volume expansion, this moment, cement stone still had certain plasticity, and this expansion can not destroy the structure of cement stone; In the aquation middle and later periods, the CaO in the lime burning rock dust runs out of gradually; Native alum stone flour that solubility is less and natural anhydrite powder form trithiophenol salt type aquation calcium sulphoaluminate crystal with slower speed through liquid phase and clog in the hole of cement stone; Make water mudrock structure closely knit; Guaranteed the synchronized development of its intensity and solids expansion; Thereby obtain good later strength, anti-permeability performance, and suppressed the generation of later shrinkage crack; Facts have proved; If do not adopt material of the present invention to form and preparation method thereof,, add water and mix and stir and press and smear into the thick surface layer of 2.5cm～3.5cm only with Portland cement and two kinds of materials of earth material; After a large amount of evaporations of its moisture; Collection rain surface layer can produce the penetrability crack because of drying shrinkage, and surface layer and basic unit's adhesion can weaken, thereby can reduce its collection rain efficient; Simultaneously, because the present invention collects rain face surface material, will produce more Ca (OH)
2, promptly can produce two kinds of ion: Ca
2+And OH
-, relevant research is verified, and strong alkaline environment can suppress and kill bacteria, and its mechanism of action is the cell membrane of highly basic ability corrosion bacterium, Ca (OH)
2The pH value of saturated solution does not almost have bacterium to survive down at so strong alkaline environment about 12.4, therefore, collection rain face provided by the invention will help guaranteeing its collect the sanitary condition of rainwater.
Volumetric change situation before and after the table 1 calcium oxide hydration reaction
Table 2 3CaOAl
2O
33CaSO
432H
2Volumetric change situation before and after O forms
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is hydration reaction and the action diagram after the various components of surface material of collection rain face provided by the invention add water.
The specific embodiment
Employed experimental technique is conventional method like no specified otherwise among the following embodiment.
Used material, reagent etc. like no specified otherwise, all can obtain from commercial sources among the following embodiment.
Embodiment 1, be used to collect the preparation of the collection rain face of precipitation
(1) will plan to build 12cm thick original state soil layer in the face of land in the collection zone, rain place, turn over shovel to planning to build the overseas earth material that obtains of Performance Area with spade; The exposed surface slope in shovel back along collect rainwater conflux that to point to the longitudinal grade of storing preceding sand trap be 0.06, cross fall is 0.02; To shovel to build and promptly get plain soil after the extra-regional earth material in place is crossed 15mm square hole screen burring root, stiff piece, stone and other foreign material; During plain soil construction, should suitably control water content, its method of inspection is: with hand plain soil is held tight in one's hands agglomeratingly, two to refer to gently pinch be broken being advisable; When excessive or not enough, it is wetting to dry or sprinkle water like material loading moisture; Then plain soil being spread out and put on into thickness is 10cm, adopts hand compaction, and the dry density that obtains tamping plain soil matrix layer is 1.54g/cm
3
Particle to above-mentioned earth material adopts densimeter method to measure its mechanical composition, the results are shown in Table 3.
The particle of table 3 earth material is formed
(2) the limestone fragment is through 1260 ℃ of temperature condition calcining 0.8h down, is the lime burning rock dust after levigate, is that tailing over of 1.18mm square hole screen is 0.45% in screen size, and the active calcium ion content is 85.5%;
(2) be 0.25: 0.33: 0.42 with above-mentioned lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water according to ratio of quality and the number of copies: weighing in 10: 77: 14; Earlier lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder are stirred; Stir into uniform slurry with Portland cement, earth material and water again; Above-mentioned slurry is smeared on the plain soil layer of the above-mentioned compacting that obtains with trowel; Press floating putting in order, obtaining thickness is the 3cm surface layer, promptly gets the collection rain face of being made up of plain soil layer of compacting and surface layer.
(3) treat 10h after, mulching straw or wheat straw or straw bag or Polypropylence Sheet, (annotate: the moisture that plastic covering plants surface layer is difficult for scattering and disappearing in the maintenance of on overburden, sprinkling water; The maintenance of needn't sprinkling water); Later every interval 24h spreads water once, and no longer watering can be used after removing overburden behind the 14d.
The collection rain effect of the collection rain face of making for check the foregoing description adopts artificially-simulated rainfall in the laboratory.
The collection rain face of present embodiment, the result is as shown in table 4 for its collection rain efficient test experience.
The artificially-simulated rainfall experimental result of the collection rain face that table 4 embodiment 1 makes
(1) will plan to build 12cm thick original state soil layer in the face of land in the collection zone, rain place, turn over shovel to planning to build the overseas earth material that obtains of Performance Area with spade; The exposed surface slope in shovel back along collect rainwater conflux that to point to the longitudinal grade of storing preceding sand trap be 0.033, cross fall is 0.02; To shovel to build and promptly get plain soil after the extra-regional earth material in place is crossed 15mm square hole screen burring root, stiff piece, stone and other foreign material; During plain soil construction, should suitably control water content, its method of inspection is: with hand plain soil is held tight in one's hands agglomeratingly, two to refer to gently pinch be broken being advisable; When excessive or not enough, it is wetting to dry or sprinkle water like material loading moisture; Then plain soil being spread out and put on into thickness is 11cm, adopts hand compaction, and the dry density that obtains tamping plain soil matrix layer is 1.6g/cm
3
Particle to above-mentioned earth material adopts densimeter method to measure its mechanical composition, the results are shown in Table 5.
The particle of table 5 earth material is formed
(2) the limestone fragment is through 1600 ℃ of temperature condition calcining 1h down, is the lime burning rock dust after levigate, is that tailing over of 1.18mm square hole screen is 0.49% in screen size, and the active calcium ion content is 86%;
(2) be 0.3: 0.4: 0.5 with above-mentioned lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water according to ratio of quality and the number of copies: weighing in 12: 90: 30; Earlier lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder are stirred; Stir into uniform slurry with Portland cement, earth material and water again; Above-mentioned slurry is smeared on the plain soil layer of the above-mentioned compacting that obtains with trowel; Press floating putting in order, obtaining thickness is the 3.5cm surface layer, promptly gets the collection rain face of being made up of plain soil layer of compacting and surface layer.
(3) treat 10h after, mulching straw or wheat straw or straw bag or Polypropylence Sheet, (annotate: the moisture that plastic covering plants surface layer is difficult for scattering and disappearing in the maintenance of on overburden, sprinkling water; The maintenance of needn't sprinkling water); Later every interval 24h spreads water once, and no longer watering can be used after removing overburden behind the 14d.
The collection rain effect of the collection rain face of making for check the foregoing description adopts artificially-simulated rainfall in the laboratory.
The collection rain face of present embodiment, the result is as shown in table 6 for its collection rain efficient test experience.
The artificially-simulated rainfall experimental result of the collection rain face that table 6 embodiment 2 makes
Embodiment 3, be used to collect the preparation of the collection rain face of precipitation
(1) will plan to build 14cm thick original state soil layer in the face of land in the collection zone, rain place, turn over shovel to planning to build the overseas earth material that obtains of Performance Area with spade; The exposed surface slope in shovel back along collect rainwater conflux that to point to the longitudinal grade of storing preceding sand trap be 0.07, cross fall is 0.04; To shovel to build and promptly get plain soil after the extra-regional earth material in place is crossed 15mm square hole screen burring root, stiff piece, stone and other foreign material; During plain soil construction, should suitably control water content, its method of inspection is: with hand plain soil is held tight in one's hands agglomeratingly, two to refer to gently pinch be broken being advisable; When excessive or not enough, it is wetting to dry or sprinkle water like material loading moisture; Then plain soil being spread out and put on into thickness is 11cm, adopts hand compaction, and the dry density that obtains tamping plain soil matrix layer is 1.5g/cm
3
Particle to above-mentioned earth material adopts densimeter method to measure its mechanical composition, the results are shown in Table 7.
The particle of table 7 earth material is formed
(2) the limestone fragment is through 1500 ℃ of temperature condition calcining 1.2h down, is the lime burning rock dust after levigate, is that tailing over of 1.18mm square hole screen is 0.48% in screen size, and the active calcium ion content is 87%;
(2) be 0.2: 0.3: 0.4 with above-mentioned lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water according to ratio of quality and the number of copies: weighing in 8: 70: 10; Earlier lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder are stirred; Stir into uniform slurry with Portland cement, earth material and water again; Above-mentioned slurry is smeared on the plain soil layer of the above-mentioned compacting that obtains with trowel; Press floating putting in order, obtaining thickness is the 3.5cm surface layer, promptly gets the collection rain face of being made up of plain soil layer of compacting and surface layer.
(3) treat 10h after, mulching straw or wheat straw or straw bag or Polypropylence Sheet, (annotate: the moisture that plastic covering plants surface layer is difficult for scattering and disappearing in the maintenance of on overburden, sprinkling water; The maintenance of needn't sprinkling water); Later every interval 24h spreads water once, and no longer watering can be used after removing overburden behind the 14d.
The collection rain effect of the collection rain face of making for check the foregoing description adopts artificially-simulated rainfall in the laboratory.
The collection rain face of present embodiment, the result is as shown in table 8 for its collection rain efficient test experience.
The artificially-simulated rainfall experimental result of the collection rain face that table 8 embodiment 3 makes
Claims (8)
1. collection rain face that is used to collect precipitation is characterized in that: said collection rain face by the plain soil matrix layer of compacting be layed in this surface layer of tamping on the plain soil matrix layer and form;
The plain soil matrix layer of said compacting is obtained through compacting by plain soil;
Said surface layer is made up of lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water, and the ratio of quality and the number of copies of said lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour, natural anhydrite powder, Portland cement, earth material and water is (0.2～0.3): (0.3～0.4): (0.4～0.5): (8～12): (70～90): (10～30);
The longitudinal grade of said collection rain face is 0.033～0.1, and cross fall is 0.02～0.05.
2. collection rain face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said lime burning rock dust is by limestone levigate obtaining after calcining; The active calcium ion content of said lime burning rock dust is not less than 85%.
3. collection rain face according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the temperature of said calcining is 1200 ℃～1600 ℃; The time of said calcining is 0.5h～1.2h.
4. according to arbitrary described collection rain face among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the fineness of said lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder is: in screen size is that tailing on the 1.18mm square hole screen is not more than 0.5%.
5. according to arbitrary described collection rain face among the claim 1-4, it is characterized in that: said plain soil is crossed the 15mm square hole screen by said earth material and is obtained.
6. according to arbitrary described collection rain face among the claim 1-5, it is characterized in that: the dry density of the plain soil layer of said compacting is 1.5t/m
3～1.6t/m
3
7. according to arbitrary described collection rain face among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: the plain the thickness of the layer of said compacting is 10cm～11cm; The thickness of said surface layer is 2.5cm～3.5cm.
8. the preparation method of arbitrary said collection rain face among the claim 1-7 comprises the steps:
(1) spreads out and puts on said plain soil to the face of land and tamp and obtain the plain soil layer of said compacting; The longitudinal grade on the said face of land is 0.033～0.1, and cross fall is 0.02～0.05;
(2) according to said ratio of quality and the number of copies; Earlier said lime burning rock dust, native alum stone flour and natural anhydrite powder are stirred; Stir into uniform slurry with said Portland cement, earth material and water again, said slurry is smeared promptly got the collection rain face of forming by plain soil layer of compacting and surface layer on the plain soil layer of said compacting.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026012.2A CN102587447B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Water harvesting surface for collecting rainfall and method for manufacturing water harvesting surface |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026012.2A CN102587447B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Water harvesting surface for collecting rainfall and method for manufacturing water harvesting surface |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1092747A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1994-09-28 | 石家庄市特种水泥厂 | High-efficiency concrete expansion admixture and manufacture method thereof |
| CN101182176A (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | 中国农业大学 | Rainwater catching surface synergy coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN101215141A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2008-07-09 | 邓亚光 | Soft soil curing agent |
| CN101892686A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2010-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | Composite current collecting field and preparation method thereof |
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-
2012
- 2012-02-07 CN CN201210026012.2A patent/CN102587447B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1092747A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 1994-09-28 | 石家庄市特种水泥厂 | High-efficiency concrete expansion admixture and manufacture method thereof |
| CN101182176A (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-05-21 | 中国农业大学 | Rainwater catching surface synergy coating and preparation method thereof |
| CN101215141A (en) * | 2008-01-02 | 2008-07-09 | 邓亚光 | Soft soil curing agent |
| KR20120001064A (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-04 | 한국건설생활환경시험연구원 | Method for high powder slag cement and the high powder slag cement thereof |
| CN101892686A (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2010-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | Composite current collecting field and preparation method thereof |
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|---|
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