CN102574509B - Brake system - Google Patents

Brake system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102574509B
CN102574509B CN200980161990.4A CN200980161990A CN102574509B CN 102574509 B CN102574509 B CN 102574509B CN 200980161990 A CN200980161990 A CN 200980161990A CN 102574509 B CN102574509 B CN 102574509B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
wheel
brake
ground connection
hydraulic pressure
piping
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN200980161990.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN102574509A (en
Inventor
关谷义秀
大沼丰
门崎司朗
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of CN102574509A publication Critical patent/CN102574509A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN102574509B publication Critical patent/CN102574509B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/88—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means
    • B60T8/885—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration with failure responsive means, i.e. means for detecting and indicating faulty operation of the speed responsive control means using electrical circuitry
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3225—Systems specially adapted for single-track vehicles, e.g. motorcycles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/321—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration deceleration
    • B60T8/3255—Systems in which the braking action is dependent on brake pedal data
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/343—Systems characterised by their lay-out
    • B60T8/344—Hydraulic systems
    • B60T8/346—2 Channel systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2270/00—Further aspects of brake control systems not otherwise provided for
    • B60T2270/40—Failsafe aspects of brake control systems
    • B60T2270/402—Back-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
    • B60T8/266—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means
    • B60T8/267—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means for hybrid systems with different kind of brakes on different axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D61/00—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
    • B62D61/02—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with two road wheels in tandem on the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle
    • B62D61/04—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with two road wheels in tandem on the longitudinal centre line of the vehicle with two other wheels which are coaxial

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A brake system including two brake lines, capable of, when one of the brake lines has a failure, outputting without generating a yaw moment a braking force half the braking force available when both the brake lines are normal. A front wheel (16), a rear wheel (18), a left wheel (12), and a right wheel (14) are arranged so as to be located at the tops of a rhombus. A first brake line (70) is constituted of brake cylinders (54) of the front wheel (16) and the rear wheel (18), a pressurizing chamber (50), etc., and a second brake line (72) is constituted of brake cylinders (54) of the left wheel (12) and the right wheel (14), a pressurizing chamber (52), etc. The sum (f2) of the ground contact forces of the left wheel (12) and the right wheel (14) and the sum (f1 +f3) of the ground contact forces of the front wheel (16) and the rear wheel (18) are equal, and therefore, the magnitude of the maximum braking force which can be outputted by each of the first and second brake lines (70, 72) is the same as each other {(f1 + f3)x[mu] = f2x[mu]}. As a result, when one of the brake lines has a failure, a braking force half the braking force available when both the brake lines are normal can be outputted without generation of a yaw moment.

Description

Brake system
Technical field
The present invention relates to the brake system that comprises a plurality of drgs that the rotation of wheel is suppressed.
Background technology
In patent documentation 1～3, recorded the brake system being arranged on the vehicle that comprises these 4 wheels of the near front wheel, off front wheel, left rear wheel and off hind wheel.
In the brake system of recording at patent documentation 1,2, each all around taken turns the hydraulic brake being respectively arranged with as friction brake.
In patent documentation 1, recorded a kind of brake system of X pipe arrangement, it comprises: the first hydraulic tubing of the brake cylinder of the hydraulic brake that comprises the near front wheel and off hind wheel; And the second hydraulic tubing of the brake cylinder of the hydraulic brake that comprises off front wheel and left rear wheel.In this brake system, in first, second hydraulic tubing one while losing efficacy, the increment rate of the hydraulic pressure of the brake cylinder comprising in another hydraulic tubing is suppressed.Thus, can suppress the yaw moment that produced because hydraulic tubing lost efficacy on vehicle.
In the brake system of recording at patent documentation 2, when having carried out braking in the middle of turning driving, the hydraulic pressure of the brake cylinder of the hydraulic brake of the wheel that the ground contact load in the outside that makes to turn is larger increases.Corresponding and be provided with respectively in the vehicle of P valve (apportioning valve) at the hydraulic brake with left and right trailing wheel, when having carried out braking in the middle of turning driving, because the ground contact load of the foreign steamer of turning in the trailing wheel of left and right is large, thereby the hydraulic pressure of the brake cylinder of turning foreign steamer is larger than the hydraulic pressure of the brake cylinder of wheel in turning.Because their hydraulic pressure difference makes actr work, thereby the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder of hydraulic brake of the front-wheel (the turning off-side wheel in the front-wheel of left and right) of the trailing wheel homonymy larger with hydraulic pressure is increased.So, because the hydraulic pressure of the front-wheel in the large turning of ground contact load outside and the brake cylinder of trailing wheel is increased, thereby the braking force of vehicle integral body can be increased.
In having carried the vehicle of the brake system that patent documentation 3 records, with 4 wheels are corresponding respectively, between the wheel-side member of maintenance wheel and vehicle body, be provided with axle spring all around.In this brake system, when carrying out emergency braking work for fear of collision, by controlling the hydraulic pressure of axle spring, control upper and lower acceleration/accel, thereby ground contact load is increased.Thus, can increase maximum braking force.
Patent documentation 4 has been recorded in the vehicle that possesses 1 front-wheel and 2 left and right trailing wheels and has been taken turns for each the technology that hydraulic brake is set.In addition, also recorded at the vehicle of left and right wheels that comprises 1 front-wheel, 1 trailing wheel and be arranged in the centre of described front-wheel and trailing wheel, for each, taken turns the technology that hydraulic brake is set.When chaufeur is stepped on brake pedal, the hydraulic brake work that each is taken turns, makes the rotation of wheel suppressed.
Technical literature formerly
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: Japanese documentation JP 2002-120715 communique
Patent documentation 2: Japanese documentation Unexamined Patent 7-9968 communique
Patent documentation 3: Japanese documentation Unexamined Patent 11-34629 communique
Patent documentation 4: Japanese documentation JP 2006-130985 communique
Summary of the invention
Technical matters of the present invention is to obtain a kind of brake equipment that is suitable for following vehicle, and described vehicle has left side wheel and right side wheels and isolate with their the central wheel arranging on fore-and-aft direction.
Technical matters of the present invention with obtain can be applied in there is left side wheel, right side wheels and on fore-and-aft direction with the vehicle of their spaced central wheels in brake equipment.
The brake system of the application's first method is arranged on vehicle, and comprises plural brake piping independent of each other, and described vehicle at least comprises: (i) spaced left side wheel and right side wheels on the Width of vehicle; (ii) be arranged on described left side wheel and described right side wheels central authorities and by the fore-and-aft direction of described vehicle with described left side wheel and spaced more than 1 central wheel of described right side wheels, described brake system comprises: (x) be arranged in each of at least one wheel in described more than one central wheel and left side wheel and right side wheels, suppress the drg of the rotation of wheel by the work of brake actuator; (y) arranged independently of one another, to the plural energy source of described brake actuator supplying energy.
And, as first brake piping of one of described plural brake piping, comprise: (a) as first energy source of one of described plural energy source; (b) by the brake actuator that work, described at least one central wheel from the energy of described the first energy source supply, as another the second brake piping outside described the first brake piping in described plural brake piping, comprise: (c) as second energy source of one of described plural energy source; (d) by the brake actuator of described left side wheel and the brake actuator of described right side wheels of working from the energy of described the second energy source supply.
The brake system of the application's first method comprises a plurality of brake piping independent of each other, even thereby one of them brake piping lost efficacy, as long as another brake piping is normal, can to vehicle, apply braking force by the work of another brake piping.
Now, the first brake piping comprises the brake actuator of at least one central wheel, the second brake piping comprises the brake actuator of left side wheel and the brake actuator of right side wheels, thereby no matter be the in the situation that of only making the second brake piping work in the first brake piping inefficacy, or lost efficacy and only make the first brake piping work in the situation that, can on vehicle, not produce yaw moment at the second brake piping.
The invention that can apply for a patent
(following exemplified with the invention that is believed in this application apply for a patent below, be sometimes referred to as " invention that can apply for ", the invention that can apply at least comprises " the present invention " and " the present patent application " as the invention of recording in claims, but also comprise subordinate concept invention or the upperseat concept of the present patent application or the invention of other concepts of the present patent application) mode, and they are described.Identical with claim, each mode is distinguished with item, and to every numbering, records if desired to quote the form of other numberings.After all, this is in order easily to understand the invention that can apply for, is not for the group that forms the inscape of the invention that can apply for is defined as to the content that the following is recorded.; invention that can application should be taken the circumstances into consideration the record of reference every relevant record, embodiment etc. and make an explanation; as long as meet this explanation; every mode is added separately the mode of other inscapes or from every mode, deleted the mode of inscape, also can be used as a mode of the invention that can apply for.
(1) brake system, described brake system is arranged on vehicle, and comprises plural brake piping independent of each other, and described vehicle at least comprises: the left side wheel and the right side wheels that (i) on the Width of vehicle, are spaced apart setting; And (ii) be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and on the fore-and-aft direction of described vehicle with described left side wheel and spaced more than 1 central wheel of described right side wheels;
Described brake system is characterised in that, comprising:
Drg, is arranged in each of at least 1 wheel in described 1 above central wheel and described left side wheel and described right side wheels, suppresses the rotation of wheel by the work of brake actuator; With
Plural energy source, described energy source is arranged independently of one another, to described brake actuator supplying energy;
And,
The first brake piping as one of described plural brake piping comprises: (a) as first energy source of one of described plural energy source; (b) by from the energy of described the first energy source supply, work, be arranged on the brake actuator described at least one central wheel,
As another the second brake piping outside described the first brake piping in described plural brake piping, comprise: (c) as second energy source of one of described plural energy source; (d) by the brake actuator of brake actuator that work, described left side wheel and described right side wheels from the energy of described the second energy source supply.
In the brake system described in this, the drg being arranged on wheel is friction brake.As described later, friction brake can be hydraulic brake, can be also dynamo-electric brake, also sometimes brake system comprise them the two.For example, can make a brake actuator that comprises hydraulic brake in a plurality of brake pipings, another comprises the brake actuator of dynamo-electric brake.In addition, drg can be drum brake mechanism, can be also plate disc brake.
In addition, in this brake system, be provided with plural brake piping independent of each other, but three above brake pipings also can be set.So-called " independently of one another ", even if refer to that the inefficacy (cannot export the state of braking force or the very little state of braking force that can export) in a plurality of brake pipings also can apply by the work of another brake piping the state of braking force.
In addition, the vehicle that carries this brake system can be following vehicle, that is: the vehicle that (x) has left side wheel, right side wheels and be positioned at the central wheel in their the place aheads; (y) vehicle that there is left side wheel, right side wheels and be positioned at the central wheel at their rears; (z) vehicle that there is left side wheel, right side wheels, is positioned at the central wheel in their the place aheads and is positioned at the central wheel at their rears.In addition, in vehicle (z), drg can be arranged on to the central wheel in the place ahead, the central wheel at rear both are upper, also can be arranged in wherein any one.
In addition, the first energy source and the second energy source can be energy sources independent of each other, can be also shared energy sources.
(2) brake system as described in (1) item, wherein, described brake actuator is brake cylinder, described drg is by utilized hydraulic pressure friction means to be pressed on the braking swivel can described wheel rotating integratedly by described brake cylinder, the hydraulic brake thus rotation of described wheel being suppressed, described energy source is the hydraulic pressure producing as described energy, and this hydraulic pressure is supplied to the hydraulic power source of described brake cylinder.
Hydraulic power source can adopt: (a) by chaufeur, the operation of brake operating parts is produced the Manual hydraulic source of hydraulic pressure; (b) by the supply of power, produce the dynamical type hydraulic power source of hydraulic pressure; (c) comprise the two hydraulic power source.When brake system comprises master cylinder, can think that master cylinder is equivalent to a Manual hydraulic source, pressurized compartment is equivalent to a Manual hydraulic source.Sometimes, in brake system, also comprise Manual hydraulic source and dynamical type hydraulic power source the two.
(3) brake system as described in (1) item or (2) item, wherein, described brake actuator is electro-motor, described drg is by utilizing the work of described electro-motor friction means to be pressed on the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel, the dynamo-electric brake thus rotation of described wheel being suppressed, described energy source is the power supply as the electric power of described energy to described electro-motor supply.
Power supply can adopt: the electrical storage device that (a) stores electric power; (b) produce the power generation assembly of electric power; (c) comprise the two device of electrical storage device and power generation assembly.When being (c) device, sometimes between a plurality of power supplys, share power generation assembly.
Be subordinated to brake system described in this of (2) comprise hydraulic brake and dynamo-electric brake the two.
(4) brake system as described in (3) item, wherein, described brake system comprises electro-motor control setup, described electro-motor control setup is setting corresponding to described electro-motor respectively, and the supply induced current of control to described electro-motor, from the first power supply to electro-motor control setup supply electric power corresponding to the electro-motor with belonging to described the first brake piping, from second source to electro-motor control setup supply electric power corresponding to the electro-motor with belonging to described the second brake piping.
Even if in a plurality of power supplys one has produced abnormal, also can the brake piping under other power supplys be worked by another power supply, thereby can adopt dual system to electric power supply system.
Electro-motor control setup comprises take the current control division that driving circuit and computing machine be main body, the control by current control division to driving circuit, control to electro-motor for induced current.
(5) brake system as described in (3) item or (4) item, wherein, described brake system comprises take the independent of each other plural system control device that computing machine is main body, from described the first power supply to the first system control setup supply electric power as one of described plural system control device, according to control the electro-motor that belongs to described the first brake piping from the instruction of described the first system control setup, from described second source to another the second system control setup supply electric power as outside the first system control setup described in described plural system control device, according to control the electro-motor that belongs to described the second brake piping from the instruction of described second system control setup.
In system control device, generate control command value, and control electro-motor based on this.Control command value can make the target thrust pressure of dynamo-electric brake.
In the brake system described in this, owing to being provided with a plurality of system control devices independent of each other, thereby even one of them has produced extremely, also can by normal system control device, control the dynamo-electric brake of the brake piping under them, therefore control system and can adopt dual system.
(6) brake system as described in (5) item, wherein, described brake system comprises: (a) can be by the brake operating parts of driver's operation; (b) the plural serviceability detecting device same operation state of described brake operating parts being detected, the first serviceability detecting device as one of described plural serviceability detecting device is connected with described the first system control setup, as another the second serviceability detecting device outside the first serviceability detecting device described in described plural serviceability detecting device, is connected with described second system control setup.
In the brake system described in this, the same operation state of brake operating parts, be brake operating parts stroke, operating effort etc. identical during, plural serviceability detecting device for example, detects by two the abnormality detection bodies (, piezoelectric element, strain gage etc.) that differ from one another respectively.By the detected same operation state of each detection bodies, be supplied to respectively each of system control device.Plural serviceability detecting device means that detection bodies is more than 2, and also having main body is the situation of 1.
In addition, can carry out respectively multiplexing to one in the signal wire (SW) of the signal wire (SW) of attended operation condition checkout gear and system control device, the electric wireline that is connected energy source and electro-motor, connected system control setup and controller for motor above signal.For example, by the first power supply to belong to the first brake piping electro-motor and belong to the second brake piping electro-motor these two supply electric power, and, by second source to belong to the first and second brake pipings electro-motor these two supply electric power.Now, though the first power generation abnormal, also can the first brake piping be worked by second source.Which is two brake pipings independently relative to each other also.
(7) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (6), wherein, any in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping comprises: (a) as the hydraulic power source of described energy source, it produces as the hydraulic pressure of described energy and for should hydraulic pressure; (b) as the brake cylinder of described brake actuator, it is by working from the hydraulic pressure of described hydraulic power source supply, another in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping comprises: (c), as the power supply of described energy source, its supply is as the electric power of described energy; (d) as the electro-motor of described brake actuator, it is by working from the electric power of described power supply supply.
(8) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (7), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel, and the central authorities that are positioned at described left side wheel and described right side wheels, and be positioned at the trailing wheel of central wheel described in the conduct at described left side wheel and described right side wheels rear, described brake system comprises in each that is arranged on described front-wheel and described trailing wheel and passes through the drg that brake actuator is worked, described the first brake piping comprises the brake actuator of described front-wheel, described the second brake piping comprises the brake actuator of described left side wheel and described right side wheels, the brake actuator that comprises described trailing wheel as described the first brake piping in described plural brake piping and another the 3rd brake piping outside described the second brake piping.
In brake system described in this, be provided with 3 brake pipings.
(9) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (7), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel, and the central authorities that are positioned at described left side wheel and described right side wheels, and be positioned at the trailing wheel of central wheel described in the conduct at described left side wheel and described right side wheels rear, by described left side wheel, described right side wheels, in each of described front-wheel and described trailing wheel, intersection point regulation between the face of the center-point of the rotation centerline of wheel and the Width by wheel is for representing the position regulation point of the position of this wheel, under plane angle, with the position regulation point of described front-wheel and trailing wheel, be positioned at the midpoint of the line segment that is connected the position regulation point of described left side wheel and the position regulation point of described right side wheels, state on the vertical line of this line segment, described front-wheel is set, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels.
As shown in Fig. 1 (a)～(e), in theory, vehicle and a position regulation point Q from front-wheel fposition regulation point Q with trailing wheel rthe straight line parallel ground straight ahead of passing through.And, under plane angle, as the position regulation point Q that connects front-wheel fposition regulation point Q with trailing wheel rline segment front and back line La with as the position regulation that is connected left side wheel, put a Q mLposition regulation point Q with right side wheels mRthe left and right line Lb of line segment in plane angle at the mid point Qbo place of left and right line Lb quadrature.
In addition, in the vehicle shown in (a) of Fig. 1～(c), with a position regulation point Q for each wheel f, Q r, Q mL, Q mRthe state that is positioned at the place, summit of rhombus under plane angle configures 4 wheels.Thereby, as the front wheel side distance L F of distance between left and right line Lb and the rotation axis of front-wheel, equal the rear wheel-side distance L R (LF=LR) as distance between left and right line Lb and the rotation axis of trailing wheel.Now, can be as shown in Fig. 1 (a), front and back line La identical with the length of left and right line Lb (being square under plane angle), also can be as shown in Fig. 1 (b), before and after making, line La is longer than left and right line Lb, can also be as shown in Fig. 1 (c), before and after making, line La is shorter than left and right line Lb.
In addition, can also be with the position regulation point Q of each wheel f, Q r, Q mL, Q mRstate in the synthetic place, tetragonal summit of two equilateral triangles under plane angle, configures 4 wheels.For example, can as shown in Fig. 1 (d), make front wheel side distance L F longer than rear wheel-side distance L R, also can, as shown in Fig. 1 (e), make rear wheel-side distance L R longer than front wheel side distance L F.
(10) brake system as described in (9) item, in described vehicle, under plane angle, the position regulation point that is substantially equal to described trailing wheel with described position regulation point and the distance between the line of described left and right of described front-wheel and the state of the distance between the line of described left and right, configure these front-wheels, trailing wheel, left side wheel, right side wheels.
The vehicle that has carried the brake system described in this is for example equivalent to (a), (b) of Fig. 1, the vehicle shown in (c).In these vehicles, front and back line La and left and right line Tb under plane angle at midpoint quadrature separately.
In the front wheel side distance L F vehicle identical with rear wheel-side distance L R, can make the ground connection power sum of left side wheel and right side wheels be substantially equal to the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel.But even front wheel side distance L F and rear wheel-side distance L R not strictly identical (more or less difference), as long as within the scope of certain, the ground connection power sum that can be considered left side wheel and right side wheels is substantially equal to the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel.In other words, can think that the ground connection power sum of left side wheel and right side wheels is substantially equal to the scope of the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel, be the roughly the same scope of front wheel side distance L F and rear wheel-side distance L R.
For example, when the value of | LF-LR|/(LF+LR) is below 0.05, below 0.07, below 0.1, below 0.15, below 0.2,0.25 when following, can thinks that the ground connection power sum of left side wheel and right side wheels is substantially equal to the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel.
(11) brake system as described in (9) item or (10) item, in described vehicle, the described position regulation point state that the summit in rhombus is located under plane angle separately with described front-wheel, trailing wheel, left side wheel and right side wheels, configures these front-wheels, trailing wheel, left side wheel, right side wheels.
(12) brake system as described in (9) item, in described vehicle, the described position regulation point that is different from described trailing wheel with described position regulation point and the distance between the line of described left and right of described front-wheel under plane angle and the state of the distance between the line of described left and right, configure these front-wheels, trailing wheel, left side wheel, right side wheels.
The vehicle that has carried the brake system described in this is equivalent to (d), the vehicle shown in (e) of Fig. 1.
(13) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (8), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel, and the central authorities that are positioned at described left side wheel and described right side wheels, and be positioned at the trailing wheel of central wheel described in the conduct at described left side wheel and described right side wheels rear, by described left side wheel, described right side wheels, in each of described front-wheel and described trailing wheel, wheel is stipulated point with respect to the some regulation at the center of the ground plane on road surface for representing the position of the position of this wheel, under plane angle, with the position regulation point of described front-wheel and trailing wheel, be positioned at the midpoint of the line segment that is connected the position regulation point of described left side wheel and the position regulation point of described right side wheels, state on the vertical line of this line segment, described front-wheel is set, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels.
The point at the center of so-called ground plane, refers to load this point in the time of 1.In the brake system described in this, can adopt (10) item to (12) described feature.
(14) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (13), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel; And be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct at described right side wheels rear described in the trailing wheel of central wheel, described brake system comprises: be arranged in each of described front-wheel and described trailing wheel, the drg that suppresses the rotation of wheel by the work of described brake actuator, described the first brake piping comprises: by the described brake actuator of described front-wheel and the described brake actuator of described trailing wheel of working from the energy of described the first energy source supply.
Brake system advantageous applications described in this is at ground connection power (also can be called and be applied in the load on wheel or the be called ground contact load) f of front-wheel 1ground connection power f with trailing wheel 3sum (f 1+ f 3) be substantially equal to the ground connection power f of left side wheel 2Lground connection power f with right side wheels 2Rsum f 2(=f 2L+ f 2R) { (f 1+ f 3)=f 2vehicle in.For example, in the described vehicle of (a), (b) of Fig. 1, (c), if make the elastic constant of axle spring of each wheel identical, can make the ground connection power sum (f of front-wheel and trailing wheel 1+ f 3) be substantially equal to the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel and right side wheels 2.But its prerequisite is that wheel is not unsettled, axle spring is backing not.
In addition, in Fig. 1 (d), the vehicle shown in (e), if varying in size of the elastic constant of the axle spring of each wheel for example can make the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel equal the ground connection power sum of left side wheel and right side wheels.
By the work of drg, the maximum braking force FB that can export, the braking force in the moment (eve) that arrives at locking state, be the size (FB=f μ) that the ground connection power f of wheel is multiplied by the coefficientoffrictionμ between road surface and tire.Thereby, as the ground connection power sum (f of front-wheel and trailing wheel 1+ f 3) equal the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel and right side wheels 2time (f 1+ f 3=f 2), the maximum braking force that can make the first brake piping can export with the second brake piping is identical.
On the other hand, Figure 24 shows the brake system in the past in the vehicle with left and right front-wheel and left and right trailing wheel.Brake system shown in Figure 24 (a) comprises: have left and right front-wheel brake cylinder the first brake piping and there is the second brake piping of the brake cylinder of left and right trailing wheel, the brake system shown in Figure 24 (b) comprises first, second brake piping of the brake cylinder respectively with the wheel that is positioned at each other diagonal position.In addition, brake system shown in Figure 24 (c) comprises: have left and right front-wheel brake cylinder the first brake piping and there is left and right front-wheel and the second brake piping of the brake cylinder of left and right trailing wheel, brake system shown in Figure 24 (d) comprises: have left and right front-wheel and left rear wheel brake cylinder the first brake piping and there is the second brake piping of the brake cylinder of left and right front-wheel and off hind wheel, the brake system shown in Figure 24 (e) comprises: first, second brake piping respectively with the brake cylinder of left and right front-wheel and left and right trailing wheel.
In brake system in the past, conventionally consider the ground connection power being applied on front-wheel and trailing wheel, front-wheel and the drg of trailing wheel can be designed to front wheel brake power and the ratio of rear-wheel braking force are 7 to 3.Thereby, in the brake system shown in (a) of Figure 24, when the first brake piping lost efficacy, by the second brake piping, only can export 30% of the braking force of two pipelines when normal.In addition, at Figure 24 (b),, in the brake system of (d), if any brake piping lost efficacy, can produce yaw moment.In addition, at (c), (d) of Figure 24, in the brake system of (e), there will be pipe arrangement or clamp complex structure, the problem of cost rising etc.
On the other hand, in the brake system described in this, even if any in the first brake piping and the second brake piping lost efficacy, by the work of normal brake piping, also can export the braking force of two pipelines, 50% when normal.In addition, now can avoid well producing yaw moment.In addition, owing to simplifying the structure of pipe arrangement, drg, thereby can suppress cost and rise.
(15) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (13), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel; And be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct at described right side wheels rear described in the trailing wheel of central wheel, described brake system comprises: be arranged on described front-wheel, the drg that suppresses the rotation of wheel by the work of described brake actuator, described the first brake piping comprises: by the described brake actuator of the described front-wheel of working from the energy of described the first energy source supply.
The ground connection power f of the front-wheel when braking of the brake system advantageous applications described in this 1be substantially equal to the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel and right side wheels 2(f 1≒ f 2) vehicle in.For example, in the vehicle shown in Fig. 1 (a)～(c), in theory, the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel is substantially equal to the ground connection power sum (f of left side wheel and right side wheels 1+ f 3=f 2), when center of gravity is positioned at, left and right line Lb is upper or when more forward than left and right line Lb, in the situations such as height Gao Shi of center of gravity, nosewheel contact power during braking is very large, the very little (f of trailing wheel ground connection power 1> > f 3), the ground connection power of front-wheel is substantially equal to the ground connection power sum (f of left side wheel and right side wheels 1≒ f 2).
In addition the drg that does not need, trailing wheel in the brake system described in this.This be due to, during braking, the ground connection power of front-wheel is large, act on the braking force on front-wheel and act on left side wheel and right side wheels on braking force sum be enough to make car retardation, the essentiality that drg is now set on trailing wheel is very low.So, when drg not being set on trailing wheel, due to this cause, can realize cost, realize lightweight.
In addition, the brake system in this can also be carried and do not arranged on the three-wheeled vehicle of trailing wheel.
(16) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (13), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel, and the central authorities that are positioned at described left side wheel and described right side wheels, and be positioned at the trailing wheel of central wheel described in the conduct at described left side wheel and right side wheels rear, described brake system comprises: be arranged in each of described front-wheel and described trailing wheel, the drg that suppresses the rotation of wheel by the work of described brake actuator, described the first brake piping comprises: by the described brake actuator of the described front-wheel of working from the energy of described the first energy source supply, described the second brake piping also comprises: by the described brake actuator of the described trailing wheel of working from the energy of described the second energy source supply.
Brake system advantageous applications described in this is at the ground contact load f of front-wheel 1ground connection power sum (f with left side wheel, right side wheels, trailing wheel 2+ f 3) roughly the same (f 1≒ f 2+ f 3) vehicle in.
For example,, in the vehicle shown in (d) of Fig. 1, when center of gravity is positioned at left and right line Lb above or is positioned at the place ahead of left and right line Lb, in front wheel side distance L fthan rear wheel-side distance L r(L in long situation f> L r), the ground connection power sum (f of front-wheel and trailing wheel during braking 1+ f 3) be greater than the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel and right side wheels 2(f 2< f 1+ f 3).In addition, during braking, the ground connection power of front-wheel is large, the little (f of ground connection power of trailing wheel 1> > f 3).Thereby, the ground connection power sum (f of the ground connection power f1 of front-wheel and left side wheel, right side wheels, trailing wheel sometimes 2+ f 3) roughly the same (f 1≒ f 2+ f 3).Now, even if any of the first brake piping and the second brake piping lost efficacy, also can in the situation that not producing yaw moment, export roughly 50% the braking force of two pipelines when normal.
In addition, in the vehicle shown in (e), (a) of Fig. 1～(c), also can be by making the elastic constant of the axle spring of each wheel not realize on an equal basis above-mentioned effect.
(17) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (16), wherein, described vehicle comprises: be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel; And be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct at described right side wheels rear described in the trailing wheel of central wheel, also comprise axle spring, described axle spring for described front-wheel, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels each and be arranged on vehicle body and keep between the wheel-side member of each wheel, the elastic constant of these axle spring is mutually the same.
Because vehicle body is rigid body, so under braking mode, between the displacement of the axle spring of each wheel, there is linear relation to set up.Thereby, if it is mutually the same to make to be arranged at the elastic constant of axle spring of each wheel, can make the ground connection power sum of front-wheel and trailing wheel for example equal left side wheel in the middle of their and the ground connection power sum of right side wheels.
To this, the elastic constant that is arranged at the axle spring on each wheel can be also the size differing from one another.
(18) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (17), wherein, described vehicle comprises: (a) be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct in described right side wheels the place ahead described in the front-wheel of central wheel; And be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and be positioned at described left side wheel and the conduct at described right side wheels rear described in the trailing wheel of central wheel, (b) single-acting cylinder and axle spring, described single-acting cylinder and described axle spring are taken turns at least one in described trailing wheel, described front-wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels and are arranged at vehicle body and keep between the wheel-side member of each wheel by series connection.
Due to the setting of being connected of single-acting cylinder and axle spring, thereby be applied to ground connection power f on this wheel, (kx:k is elastic constant to the elastic force that axle spring bears, x is the amount of compression with respect to free state), the single-acting cylinder power (PA:P is the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber, and A is the compression area of piston) of bearing is mutually the same.
f＝k·x＝P·A
In addition, not necessarily must single-acting cylinder be set accordingly with all vehicles, at least on a wheel, arrange.
(19) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (18), wherein, described brake system comprises ground connection power distributing altering device, when any one in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping lost efficacy, with lost efficacy before compare, this ground connection power distributing altering device increases the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping not losing efficacy, and reduces the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping of described inefficacy.
In the situation that be provided with two the identical brake pipings of maximum braking force that can export in brake system, in two brake pipings one when lost efficacy, as long as increase with another brake piping not losing efficacy (following, be sometimes referred to as normal brake piping) the ground connection power sum of corresponding wheel, by the work of this normal brake piping, can export 1/2 large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.
The so-called wheel corresponding with brake piping, refers to the wheel that is provided with the drg that belongs to this brake piping.In addition, so-called ground connection power sum, when the wheel corresponding with this brake piping is 1, refers to the size of the ground connection power of this wheel.
Ground connection power distributing altering device is for increasing the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with normal brake piping, reduce the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy, but its also can: (a) comprise the ground connection power increase portion increasing with the ground connection power sum of the wheel that brake piping is corresponding normally; (b) the ground connection power that comprises the ground connection power sum that reduces the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy reduces portion; (c) comprise that above-mentioned ground connection power increase portion and ground connection power reduce portion.
When the weight of vehicle body is fixedly time, because the ground connection power sum that front-wheel, trailing wheel, left side wheel, right side wheels are born is also fixing, if thereby increase the ground connection power of a part of wheel in 4 wheels, the ground connection power that remains wheel diminishes.Thereby, as long as ground connection power distributing altering device comprises that ground connection power increase portion and ground connection power reduce any one in portion, its result, can increase the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with normal brake piping, reduces the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy.
In addition, as described later, the control object that ground connection power increase portion, ground connection power reduce portion can be the hydraulic pressure of single-acting cylinder, but is not limited to this.
In addition, ground connection power increase portion and ground connection power reduce portion can carry out work according to electric signal, can be also subject to the induction of machine work and work.
(20) brake system as described in (19) item, wherein, described ground connection power distributing altering device comprises: the failure detection portion of losing efficacy and detecting is occurred a brake piping in described plural brake piping to.
(i) in the situation that the difference of the output of drg when work two brake pipings, for more than the first predetermined inefficacy decision threshold, can detect lost efficacy into the less brake piping of output.The output of drg is equivalent to act on the braking force on wheel, the friction member thrust pressure of drg etc.The braking force that can be for example, wheel by the fore-and-aft direction masterpiece acting on wheel obtains.In addition, when drg is hydraulic brake, can obtain according to the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder, hydraulic path, when drg is dynamo-electric brake, can obtain etc. according to the pressing force of electro-motor, the current value that flows through electro-motor.
(ii), in the situation that the second inefficacy decision threshold that the output beguine in each of the moving pipeline of drg work schedule is determined according to braking operation state etc. is little, can detects and lose efficacy into this brake piping.
(iii) in the situation that energy source has produced, be unable to supply the abnormal of energy, can be considered as brake piping and lost efficacy.For example, when drg is hydraulic brake, corresponding to the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic power source, than the low situation of the 3rd inefficacy decision threshold, when drg is dynamo-electric brake, corresponding to the voltage of power supply, be situation below the 4th abnormality juding threshold value etc.
(iv) in addition,, when electro-motor cannot be worked, when system control device and controller for motor cannot be controlled, also can be considered this brake piping and lost efficacy.
(21) brake system as described in (19) item or (20) item, wherein, described ground connection power distributing altering device comprises fluid control portion, in described first, second brake piping one when lost efficacy, by the hydraulic pressure of one in the single-acting cylinder of described at least one wheel is controlled, make with this hydraulic pressure is controlled before compare, the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with a brake piping of described inefficacy diminishes, and the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with described another brake piping not losing efficacy becomes large.
The control object of fluid control portion is the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure chamber of single-acting cylinder.As previously mentioned, due to the setting of being connected of single-acting cylinder and axle spring, thereby as long as control the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure chamber of single-acting cylinder, can control the elastic force of axle spring, thereby can control ground connection power.In addition,, as long as control the work liquid measure of the hydraulic pressure chamber of single-acting cylinder, can control the displacement of axle spring, thereby can control ground connection power.This means, also can think that control object is the work liquid measure of the hydraulic pressure chamber of acting cylinder.
(22) brake system as described in any one in (19) to (21), wherein, described drg is that the hydraulic pressure by brake cylinder carries out work, friction means is pushed to the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel, the hydraulic brake that suppresses thus the rotation of described wheel
Described ground connection power distributing altering device comprises the cylinder assembly that the hydraulic pressure difference of the hydraulic brake that utilizes described two brake pipings is carried out work.
In two brake pipings one normal and another while losing efficacy, owing to having produced hydraulic pressure difference between them, thereby be suitable to this hydraulic pressure difference utilization.
(23) brake system as described in (19) item or (20) item, wherein, described drg is by utilizing the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder carry out work and friction means is pushed to the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel, thereby the hydraulic brake that suppresses the rotation of described wheel, described single-acting cylinder be separately positioned on that at least one in the wheel corresponding with described the first brake piping taken turns and with wheel corresponding to described the second brake piping at least one take turns
Described ground connection power distributing altering device comprises:
(a) two hydraulic pressure chambers, described two hydraulic pressure chambers are connected with described the second brake piping with described the first brake piping respectively; (b) modified roll mechanism, described modified roll mechanism comprises the movable member of working by the hydraulic pressure difference of described two hydraulic pressure chambers; And
(c) mechanism of decompressor and (d) at least one in booster body, wherein, described (c) mechanism of decompressor is by the work of described modified roll mechanism, make to compare with before described modified roll mechanism work, reduce the hydraulic pressure of the described single-acting cylinder that arranges on the wheel corresponding with a brake piping of described inefficacy, described (d) booster body is by the work of described modified roll mechanism, make to compare with before described modified roll mechanism work, increase the hydraulic pressure of the described single-acting cylinder arranging on the wheel corresponding with described another brake piping not losing efficacy.
(24) brake system as described in any one in (21) to (23), wherein, described drg is by utilizing the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder carry out work and friction means is pushed to the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel, thereby the hydraulic brake that suppresses the rotation of described wheel
Described ground connection power distributing altering device comprises disconnection/means of communication, when described first, second brake piping the two when normal, described disconnection/means of communication is by described first, second brake piping and be arranged on described at least one described single-acting cylinder disconnection of taking turns, when any in described first, second brake piping lost efficacy, described disconnection/means of communication is communicated with them.
When brake piping is normal, preferably brake piping and single-acting cylinder are independent of one another.In addition,, when brake piping lost efficacy, preferably utilize hydraulic pressure difference to control the hydraulic pressure of single-acting cylinder.In order to realize this point, disconnection/means of communication to be set, it is very suitable scheme.
Disconnection/means of communication can comprise more than one valve.Valve can make the electromagnetic valve opening and closing according to electric signal, can be also to utilize hydraulic pressure etc. and the mechanical open and close valve that opens and closes.
(25) brake system as described in any one in (1) to (24), wherein, described brake system is arranged on the vehicle that comprises left and right front-wheel, left and right trailing wheel, and comprises plural brake piping independent of each other, wherein,
Comprise ground connection power distributing altering device, in described plural brake piping one when lost efficacy, with lost efficacy before compare, described ground connection power distributing altering device increases the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with the described brake piping not losing efficacy, and reduces the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping of described inefficacy.
In the brake system described in this, can adopt (1) item to (24) described technical characterictic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 means the planar view of the configuration that schematically shows the wheel in the vehicle that has carried brake system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the planar view of vehicle that has carried the brake system of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the figure that schematically shows above-mentioned brake system integral body;
Fig. 4 is the figure that schematically shows the suspension of the vehicle that has carried above-mentioned brake system;
Fig. 5 mean above-mentioned suspension spring displacement and be applied to the figure of the relation between the ground connection power on wheel;
Fig. 6 means the figure of the state of a control of the ground connection power on the wheel that is applied to above-mentioned vehicle;
Fig. 7 means the figure of the state of a control different from above-mentioned state;
Fig. 8 means the figure of the ground connection power distributing altering device comprising in above-mentioned brake system;
Fig. 9 means the figure of the ground connection power distributing altering device comprising in the brake system of embodiments of the invention 2;
Figure 10 means the figure of the ground connection power distributing altering device comprising in the brake system of embodiments of the invention 3;
Figure 11 means the diagram of circuit of the solenoid control program of storing in the storage part of braking ECU of above-mentioned brake system;
Figure 12 means the figure of the ground connection power distributing altering device comprising in the brake system of embodiments of the invention 4;
Figure 13 means the diagram of circuit of the motor control program of storing in the storage part of braking ECU of above-mentioned brake system;
Figure 14 means the figure of the ground connection power distributing altering device comprising in the brake system of embodiments of the invention 5;
Figure 15 is the whole figure that schematically shows the brake system of embodiments of the invention 6;
Figure 16 means the planar view that the wheel of the vehicle of the brake system of having carried embodiments of the invention 7 configures;
Figure 17 is the whole figure that schematically shows above-mentioned brake system;
The schematic diagram of suspension state when Figure 18 means above-mentioned car brakeing;
Figure 19 is the whole figure that schematically shows the brake system of embodiments of the invention 8;
Figure 20 is the figure that schematically shows the vehicle of the brake system of having carried embodiment 8;
Figure 21 is the whole figure that schematically shows the brake system of embodiments of the invention 9;
Figure 22 is the whole figure that schematically shows the brake system of embodiments of the invention 10;
Figure 23 is the whole figure that schematically shows the brake system of another embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 24 is the figure that schematically shows brake system in the past.
The specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the brake system as one embodiment of the present invention is specifically described.
Below, for a plurality of embodiment about brake system, describe.
Embodiment 1
(vehicle)
Brake system as embodiments of the invention is equipped on the vehicle shown in Fig. 2.
Vehicle 10 comprises 4 wheels 12,14,16,18.Wheel the 12, the 14th, in the spaced left side wheel of Width and the right side wheels of vehicle, wheel 16,18 is arranged on the central authorities of the Width of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, and being arranged on the vehicle front of left side wheel 12 and the rear view of vehicle of right side wheels 14, is front-wheel, the trailing wheel as central wheel.Vehicle 10 comprises 2 central wheels 16,18.
In the present embodiment, for each in these 4 wheels 12～18, by the intersection point Q regulation between the face Mo at 1/2 place of the rotation axis Lo of wheel and the width TW by this wheel for the point that represents this wheel position is (hereinafter referred to as position regulation point, Q f, Q r, Q mL, Q mR).And, these 4 wheels 12～18 be configured on vehicle 10 as upper/lower positions, that is: under plane angle, each position regulation point Q f, Q r, Q mL, Q mRit is the summit of rhombus.
In addition, because each is taken turns under the state on summit that is positioned at rhombus and is configured, thereby as a position regulation point Q who connects left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 mL, Q mRline segment left and right line Lb with as the position regulation that is connected front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel, put a Q f, Q rthe front and back line La of line segment at mid point Qo place quadrature separately.That is, as the front wheel side distance L of the distance between left and right line Lb and the rotation centerline Lo of front-wheel 16 f, and as the rear wheel-side distance L of the distance between left and right line Lb and the rotation centerline Lo of trailing wheel 18 rroughly the same (L f=L r).As the mid point Qo of front and back line La and the position of left side wheel 12 regulation point Q mLbetween the revolver lateral extent T of distance l, with the position regulation point Q as mid point Qo and right side wheels 14 mRbetween the right lateral extent T that takes turns of distance rroughly the same (T l=T r).In addition, this vehicle 10 advances along the direction of arrow Y.In theory, during straight ahead, the direct of travel of vehicle is parallel with front and back line La.
[brake system]
On above-mentioned vehicle 10, carried the brake system shown in Fig. 3.Brake system comprises: be arranged on the hydraulic brake 32,34,36,38 in each of wheel 12,14,16,18; Produce the master cylinder 44 of hydraulic pressure with the operation of brake pedal 42 by as brake operating parts.Hydraulic brake 32～38th, running brake.
As shown in Figure 3, master cylinder 44 is series types, and it comprises: 2 pressurizing piston 46,48; With 2 pressurized compartments 50,52 that arrange respectively in their the place aheads.On the front surface of pressurizing piston 46,48, be respectively arranged with not shown sealing element, in pressurizing piston 46,48, retreat end position place, pressurized compartment 50,52 is communicated with main reservoir 53, but by it is advanced from retreating end position, Ke Jiang pressurized compartment 50,52 and main reservoir 53 disconnect, thereby produce hydraulic pressure.
Hydraulic brake 32～38 is plate disc brake in the present embodiment, comprises separately the brake cylinder 54 as brake actuator.When supply is as the hydraulic pressure of energy from master cylinder 44 to brake cylinder 54, friction means 56 is pressed on the braking swivel 58 that can rotate integratedly with wheel, thereby suppresses the rotation of wheel.
In pressurized compartment 50, via hydraulic path 60, be connected with the brake cylinder 54 of the hydraulic brake 36,38 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, in pressurized compartment 52, via hydraulic path 62, be connected with the brake cylinder 54 of the hydraulic brake 32,34 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14.
When brake pedal 42 being jammed on to operation, in pressurized compartment 50,52, produce independently respectively hydraulic pressure.The hydraulic pressure of pressurized compartment 50 is supplied to the brake cylinder 54 of front-wheel 16,18 via hydraulic path 60, make hydraulic braking 36,38 work, the hydraulic pressure of pressurized compartment 52 is supplied to the brake cylinder 54 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 via hydraulic path 62, make hydraulic braking 32,34 work.
In embodiment 1, pressurized compartment 50,52 corresponds respectively to the hydraulic power source of manual type, brake cylinder 54 by pressurized compartment 50, hydraulic path 60, front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18 forms the first brake piping 70, by brake cylinder 54 formation second brake pipings 72 of pressurized compartment 52, hydraulic path 62, left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14.So, the first brake piping 70, the second brake piping 72 can be worked separately respectively independently, even if wherein any pipeline lost efficacy, also can in another pipeline, make hydraulic brake work.
In addition, in the present embodiment, so-called brake piping lost efficacy, and referred to and cannot export by this brake piping the situation of braking force or the very little situation of the braking force of exporting.
[suspension]
On above-mentioned vehicle 10, be provided with (a), the suspension shown in (b) of Fig. 4.
In each of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, as shown in Fig. 4 (a), between wheel holding member 80 and vehicle body 82, the setting that is one another in series of axle spring 84 and single-acting cylinder 86.So suspension arm that wheel holding member 80 use remain on wheel 12,14 on vehicle body 82 rotationally.
In each of front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18, as shown in Fig. 4 (b), between wheel holding member 88 and vehicle body 82, series connection is provided with axle spring 84 and single-acting cylinder 86.Wheel holding member 88 is the suspension arms that are arranged between fork 90 and vehicle body 82, and described fork is from sandwich wheel and wheel is rotatably kept.
Below, in this manual, when needs are distinguished axle spring 84, single-acting cylinder 86 according to each wheel, suitably add subscript (front-wheel F, trailing wheel R, middle wheel M or middle left side wheel ML, middle right side wheels MR) and record.
The ground connection power f of each wheel 12～18 power fp suffered with elastic force fs, the single-acting cylinder 86 of axle spring 84 equates respectively.
f＝fs＝fp
In addition, the elastic force fs of axle spring 84 is (with respect to the displacement of free state by the displacement x of axle spring 84, sometimes also referred to as amount of compression) be multiplied by the size of elastic constant k gained, the suffered power fp of single-acting cylinder 86 is multiplied by piston 94 in the face of the size of area (compression area) the A gained of the face of hydraulic pressure chamber 92 by the hydraulic pressure P of hydraulic pressure chamber 92.Liberty state, is the state to axle spring 84 applied loads not, is the state of other power that do not act on except gravity.
fs＝k·x
fp＝P·A
In embodiment 1, be set as mutually the same size with the elastic constant k of the axle spring 84 of each corresponding setting of whole wheel 12～18.
In addition,, in embodiment 1, during brake piping 70,72 is normal, the liquid measure of the operating fluid of the hydraulic pressure chamber 92 of single-acting cylinder 86 is held constant.Thereby, if inputting or impose on the load of wheel, road surface changes, only make axle spring 84 flexible.
(a) of Fig. 5 shows and in each wheel 12～18, removes single-acting cylinder 84, state when axle spring 84 is arranged with vertical posture.In addition, suppose mutually the same with the length of the free state of the axle spring 84 of the corresponding setting of each wheel 12～18.If vehicle body 82 is installed from this state, as shown in Fig. 5 (b), in each of wheel 12～18, axle spring 84 is compressed.
The posture of the vehicle body 82 shown in this Fig. 5 (b) is set as the posture of stabilized conditions (state of vehicle in stopping, the state of constant speed drive).In addition, for easy and vehicle body 82 has been drawn as tabular, but the body gesture of actual vehicle 10 is different from the posture of vehicle body 82.As shown in Fig. 5 (b), the center of gravity G of vehicle body 82 is usually located on the front and back line La of fore-and-aft direction of Fig. 1.Because the weight of vehicle body 82 is taken turns 12～18 by 4 and born, thereby following formula is set up:
f 10+f 20+f 30＝W…(1)
Ground connection power f 10, f 30respectively the ground connection power acting on front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18, f 20be the ground connection power sum acting in left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, W is the weight of vehicle body 82.
In addition, because vehicle body 82 is rigid bodies, thereby following formula is set up:
x 10+x 30＝2x 20…(2)
X 10, x 30that the axle spring 84 of front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18 is with respect to the amount of compression of free state, x 20that the axle spring 84 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 is separately with respect to the amount of compression of free state.On the other hand, because the size of the elastic constant k of axle spring 84 is mutually the same, thereby have respectively following formula to set up:
f 10＝x 10·k
f 20＝(x 20·k)·2
f 30＝x 30·k
By these substitutions (2) formula, have following formula to set up:
f 20＝f 10+f 30…(3)
During braking, due to force of inertia, vehicle body 82 rotates to the direction of arrow around center of gravity G, as shown in Fig. 5 (c), becomes posture from stabilized conditions forward lean forward.When this is braked, be applied between the ground connection power of respectively taking turns on 12～18 and have equally following formula to set up:
f 1+f 2+f 3＝W…(4)
In addition, if the axle spring 84 of the front-wheel 16 in when braking and trailing wheel 18 is made as to x with respect to the amount of compression of free state 1, x 3, the axle spring 84 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 is made as to x with respect to the amount of compression of free state 2, have following formula to set up:
x 1+x 3＝2x 2…(5)
And following formula is set up:
f 2＝f 1+f 3…(6)
From these (3) formulas, (6) formula, in the vehicle of embodiment 1, be applied to the ground connection power sum in left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, equal to be all the time applied to ground connection power on front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 it.
In addition, even when the length under the free state of each axle spring 84 differs from one another, even if spring is not set with vertical posture, (1) formula～(6) formula is also set up.
In addition the ground connection power f of wheel and the product of coefficientoffrictionμ when the maximum braking force that each of hydraulic brake 32～38 can be exported is braking, thereby braking force (friction force) F that can export in the first brake piping 70, b1size be expressed from the next:
F B1＝(f 1+f 3)·μ，
The braking force F that can export in the second brake piping 72 b2size be expressed from the next:
F B2＝f 2·μ，
Their the identical (F of size b1=F b2).
That is hydraulic brake 32～38 that, can each wheel is designed so that respectively the maximum braking force of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 equals the maximum braking force of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14.For example, if make the compression area of piston chimeric in the brake cylinder 54 of front-wheel 16 maximum, make the compression area of piston of brake cylinder 54 of trailing wheel 18 minimum, the compression area of the left side wheel 12 in the middle of making and the piston of right side wheels 14, for middle size, can make maximum braking force identical.Consequently, even when any in the first brake piping 70 and the second brake piping 72 lost efficacy, in theory, also can export and be equivalent to roughly 1/2 of the braking force of two pipelines when normal.
In addition,, even if any brake piping lost efficacy, owing to not producing yaw moment, thereby also can suppress the reduction of riding stability.That is, owing to not producing yaw moment, thereby lost efficacy when brake piping, and while only making another brake piping work, hydraulic pressure can be increased to maximum, thereby can, as described in patent documentation 1, needn't suppress the increment rate of the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder.Consequently, when only making another brake piping work, can maximally utilise the friction coefficient on road surface.
In addition, can simplify the structure of pipe arrangement, drg etc., thereby can suppress cost and rise.
(mode of ground connection power distributing altering)
In each wheel 12～18, owing to being in series provided with single-acting cylinder 86 with axle spring 84, thereby control by the hydraulic pressure (liquid measure of hydraulic pressure chamber 92) of the hydraulic pressure chamber 92 to single-acting cylinder 86, can change the distribution of the ground connection power of each wheel.
As shown in (4) formula, the weight W of vehicle body 82 is taken turns 12～18 by 4 and is supported, for example, if thereby the brake piping that is provided with inefficacy (, suppose that the first brake piping 70 lost efficacy) under the ground connection power sum of wheel (being designated hereinafter simply as the wheel corresponding with brake piping) 16,18 of brake cylinder 54 little when normal, the ground connection power sum that can make the wheel corresponding with the second brake piping 72 12,14 is large when normal, thereby by the work of the second brake piping 72, can export 1/2 large braking force of than two pipelines maximum braking force when normal.
In addition, in theory, if the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the first brake piping 70 16,18 is 0 (f 1+ f 3=0), the ground connection power sum of wheel 12,14 is the weight W (f of vehicle body 82 2=W), thereby by the work of the second brake piping 72, can export identical with the maximum braking force of two pipelines when normal 100% braking force (F b2=W μ).
The mode of according to Fig. 6, Fig. 7, single-acting cylinder 86 being controlled to the distribution of ground connection power by fluid control below describes.
In each wheel 12～18, the work liquid measure of the hydraulic pressure chamber 92 of single-acting cylinder 86 is whole when identical, under the braking mode of vehicle, forms the state shown in (a) of Fig. 6, and aforesaid (4) formula, (5) formula and (6) formula are set up.
On the other hand, consider the balance around the torque of wheel 12,14, following formula is set up:
f 1·L＝f 3·L+W·ΔL+(Wα/g)·H
A is deceleration/decel, and H is the height of center of gravity G.In addition, Δ L be center of gravity G from the interval of mid point Qo, L is front wheel side distance L f(or rear wheel-side distance L r) (L=L f=L r).Above formula is arranged, can obtain representing ground connection power f 1, f 3the following formula of relation:
f 1＝f 3+W·{ΔL/L+(α/g)·(H/L)}…(7)
Equally, consider the balance around the torque of trailing wheel 18, following formula is set up:
f 1·2L+f 2·L＝W·(L+ΔL)+(Wα/g)·H
By this formula, can obtain representing ground connection power f 1, f 2the following formula of relation:
f 1+f 2/2＝W·{(L+ΔL)/2L+(α/g)·(H/2L)}…(8)
According to the state of Fig. 6 (a), the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure chamber 92 of the single-acting cylinder 86 at least 1 wheel is (following, sometimes also by the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic pressure chamber of single-acting cylinder 86 92, work liquid measure etc. referred to as the hydraulic pressure of single-acting cylinder 86, work liquid measure etc.) while being controlled, between the displacement of axle spring 84, do not have linear relation to set up, thereby formula (5), formula (6) be false, but (4) formula { f 1+ f 2+ f 3=W}, (7) formula, (8) formula are set up.That is, when in wheel 12～18, the hydraulic pressure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of at least 1 wheel is controlled, under the state of setting up in (4) formula, (7) formula, (8) formula, the ground connection power f of each wheel 1, f 2, f 3be changed (distribution of ground connection power changes).
As shown in Fig. 6 (b), when keeping the work liquid measure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, increase hydraulic pressure P2 to the left, increase ground connection power f 2time, because vehicle body 82 is lifted, thereby axle spring 84 elongations of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, the hydraulic pressure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 diminishes, ground connection power f 1, f 3sum diminishes.In addition, when keeping the work liquid measure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, during the hydraulic pressure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of increase front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 1, f 3it is large that sum becomes, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2diminish.On the contrary, if keep the work liquid measure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, operating fluid is flowed out from the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, although the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2diminish, but ground connection power f 1, f 3it is large that sum becomes.When the single-acting cylinder 86 that makes operating fluid from front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 flows out too, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2become large, ground connection power f 1, f 3sum diminishes.
According to the state shown in Fig. 6 (a), when keeping the work liquid measure of the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16, left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, while supplying operating fluid to the single-acting cylinder 86 of trailing wheel 18, as shown in Fig. 6 (c), it is large that the inclination of vehicle body 82 becomes.The ground connection power f of trailing wheel 18 3ground connection power f with front-wheel 16 1it is large that sum becomes, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2diminish.In addition, the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids when to front-wheel 16, increase ground connection power f 1time, the ground connection power f of trailing wheel 18 3ground connection power f with front-wheel 16 1it is large that sum becomes, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2diminish.On the contrary, when the single-acting cylinder 86 that makes operating fluid from trailing wheel 18 flows out, the inclination of vehicle body 82 diminishes.The ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 1diminish, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2become large.When the single-acting cylinder 86 that makes operating fluid from front-wheel 16 flows out, the ground connection power f of trailing wheel 18 3diminish, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2become large.
On the other hand, under the braking mode in straight ahead is travelled, because Width does not act on force of inertia, thereby as shown in Fig. 7 (a), the ground connection power f in left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2L, f 2Ridentical.According to this state, when making operating fluid flow into the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12, increase ground connection power f 2Ltime, as shown in Fig. 7 (b), vehicle body 82 tilts to Width.The ground connection power f of right side wheels 14 2Rbecome large, the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 1, f 3diminish.In addition, even if increase the ground connection power f of right side wheels 14 2R, be also the same.On the contrary, in reducing left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, during the ground connection power of any, left side wheel 12 diminishes with another ground connection power of right side wheels 14, the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 1, f 3become large.
As mentioned above, for example, if at least one ground connection power is controlled (, being increased) in front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 changes (increase) to equidirectional.In addition, now the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels changes (being reduced) round about.Equally, if the ground connection power of at least one in left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 is controlled, the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 changes to equidirectional, and the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 changes round about.
In addition, even if make operating fluid flow into (or flowing out from it) at least one single-acting cylinder 86 in front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, make operating fluid at least one single-acting cylinder 86 from left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 flow out (or flowing into it), equally also can increase the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, reduce the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14.
As mentioned above, if change at least one ground connection power of taking turns in 4 wheels 12～18 (if the control object of ground connection power wheel is at least 1 wheel), because the distribution of ground connection power changes, thereby can change the ground connection power of whole 4 wheels 12～18.
In addition, when reducing the ground connection power sum of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, and reduce front-wheel 16 and compare during any one ground connection power in trailing wheel 18, the ground connection power that reduces both can reduce ground connection power sum more effectively.
(about ground connection power distributing altering device)
In the present embodiment 1, between the single-acting cylinder 84 of master cylinder 44 and each wheel, be provided with the ground connection power distributing altering device 100 shown in Fig. 8.
Ground connection power distributing altering device 100 comprises: the modified roll mechanism 102 being connected with hydraulic path 60,62; With the supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104 that has been connected the single-acting cylinder 86 of each wheel 12～18.Modified roll mechanism 102 is connected by hydraulic path 106,108 with supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104.
Modified roll mechanism 102 comprises: (a) housing 110; (b) piston 114, its with the liquid-tight property of mode that can slide be fitted in the cylinder thorax 112 being formed on this housing 110; (c) two groups of valves, to 116,118, are separately positioned on the both sides of the cylinder thorax 112 of housing 110.
In being formed at the hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122 of piston 114 both sides, be connected with respectively hydraulic path 60,62, piston 114 moves for setting to press when above in the hydraulic pressure difference of hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122.Setting is installed with to the hydraulic pressure difference that can produce while losing efficacy for any one in the first and second brake pipings 70,72 under the operated state of brake pedal 42, also can be referred to as pressure reduction while losing efficacy.
Valve comprises to 116 2 valves 130,132 that are arranged between hydraulic pressure chamber 120 and hydraulic path 106, and valve comprises to 118 2 valves (open and close valve) 134,136 that are arranged between hydraulic pressure chamber 122 and hydraulic path 108.Valve 130～136th, normally closed membrane valve, can switch at the state of opening that brake piping 70,72 is communicated with supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104 with by their closing between state of disconnection respectively.Valve to 116 in, valve 130 comprises: (a) valve seat 140, with the state in the face of the hydraulic pressure chamber 120 of housing 110, is set up; (b) spool 142, be configured near or away from valve seat 140; (c) spring 144, are configured to spool 142 to exert pressure to valve seat 140; (d) open valve member 146, make spool 142 away from valve seat 140.Open valve member 146 and comprise and the engagement section 148 of piston 114, along with the movement of the direction of piston 114 from center position to close valve 130, work, make spool 142 away from valve seat 140.
Valve 132 comprises: (a) valve seat 151, under the state of the hydraulic path 106 in the face of housing 110, is set up; (b) spool 152; (c) spring 154; (d) what have an engagement section 158 opens valve member 156.Open valve member 156 along with piston 114 moves and moves to the direction away from valve 132, make spool 152 away from valve seat 151.Valve is configured to face with valve 130 to 118 valve 134, and valve 136 is configured to face with valve 132.Valve 134,136 is arranged on respectively between hydraulic path 108 and hydraulic pressure chamber 122, and this point is different from valve 130,132, but identical in structure, thereby also description thereof is omitted to mark same-sign.
In modified roll mechanism 102, for example, if the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 122 is less than the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 120, is used in and makes piston 114 in the direction of the right-hand movement of Fig. 8 with their the corresponding masterpiece of hydraulic pressure difference.If large with the setting load of the spring 144,154 of the corresponding force rate valve 134,136 of hydraulic pressure difference, piston 114, to right-hand movement, makes the valve member 146,156 of opening of valve 134,132, and valve 134,132 is switched to out state.It is constant that valve 130,136 maintains the state of closing.
The setting load of spring 144,154 etc. is set to the pressure reduction that carried out when losing efficacy producing in the situation of common brake operating (pressure reduction when losing efficacy) and definite size, and piston 114 becomes while losing efficacy when pressure reduction is above and moves in hydraulic pressure difference.That is, piston 114 not can pressure reduction when losing efficacy little during move, thereby when two pipelines are when normal, can be reliably by brake piping 70,72 and single-acting cylinder 86 disconnections.
In addition,, in valve 130～136, spool the 142, the 152nd, is formed by the elastomeric element manufacture of rubber etc., thereby can more reliably brake piping 70,72 and single-acting cylinder 86 be disconnected.
In addition, the setting load of a pair of spring 154 be set to not can be due to the hydraulic pressure applying in hydraulic path 106,108 compressed size.Thereby valve 130～136 can not switch to from closing state the state of holding due to the hydraulic pressure of single-acting cylinder 86.
Supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104 comprises: (a) housing 160; (b) ladder piston 164, its with the liquid-tight property of mode of can ground sliding be fitted in the stepped cylinder thorax 162 being formed on this housing 160.In addition, by stepped cylinder thorax 162 and ladder piston 164,6 hydraulic pressure chambers have been formed.Driving in 6 hydraulic pressure chambers is connected with the hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122 of modified roll mechanism 102 via hydraulic path 106,108 with hydraulic pressure chamber 166,167.Supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104 is connected with hydraulic path 60,62 via modified roll mechanism 102.When making modified roll mechanism 102 work, driving when producing hydraulic pressure difference in hydraulic pressure chamber 166,167, ladder piston 164 is moved.
In addition, path chamber 172,173 in 6 hydraulic pressure chambers is connected with the single-acting cylinder 86 of right side wheels 12 and the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 via hydraulic path respectively, and chamber 176,177, large footpath is connected with the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12 and the single-acting cylinder 86 of trailing wheel 18 respectively via hydraulic path.The chamber, large footpath 176, the path chamber 172 that are formed on the same side of ladder piston 164 are connected to the single-acting cylinder 86 of the left side wheel corresponding with brake piping 62 12 and right side wheels 14, are formed on the single-acting cylinder 86 that the path chamber 173 of opposition side, chamber, large footpath 177 are connected to the front-wheel corresponding with brake piping 60 16 and trailing wheel 18.In addition, in path chamber 172,173, between piston 164 and housing 160, be respectively arranged with retracing spring 184,185.
The work of docking soil fertility distributing altering device 100 below describes.
Under the active state of hydraulic braking 32～38, when brake piping 70 lost efficacy, the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 60 is more than pressure reduction during than the little inefficacy of the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 62.
In modified roll mechanism 102, piston 114 is moved to the left of Fig. 8.It is constant that valve 132,134 maintains the state of closing, and valve 130,136 is switched to out state.The hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122 of modified roll mechanism 102 is communicated with hydraulic pressure chamber 166,167 with the driving of supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104, from hydraulic pressure chamber 122 to driving with hydraulic pressure chamber 167 supply operating fluids, operating fluid flows out to hydraulic pressure chamber 120 from driving with hydraulic pressure chamber 166, for example, the operating fluid of hydraulic pressure chamber 120 flows out from the part that lost efficacy.
In supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104, owing to driving, the hydraulic pressure with hydraulic pressure chamber 167 is larger than driving the hydraulic pressure with hydraulic pressure chamber 166, thereby ladder piston 164 is moved to the left of Fig. 8.The single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, make operating fluid flow out from the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 to the left.That is, operating fluid is flowed out, ground connection power f from the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 corresponding to the brake piping 70 with losing efficacy and trailing wheel 18 1, f 3than little before 100 work of ground connection power distributing altering device.To the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of the left side wheel corresponding with normal brake piping 72 12,14, ground connection power sum f 2than large before 100 work of ground connection power distributing altering device.Consequently, by the work of normal brake piping 72, can export 50% large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.
When the operation of brake off pedal 42, pressurizing piston 46,48 turns back to and retreats end, and pressurized compartment 50,52 is communicated with main reservoir 53.In modified roll mechanism 102, due to the hydraulic pressure difference disappearance of hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122, thereby piston 114 turns back to center position.Operating fluid is supplied to hydraulic pressure chamber 122 from driving with hydraulic pressure chamber 167, via master cylinder 44, turns back to main reservoir 53.In addition, from main reservoir 53 to hydraulic pressure chamber 120, drive with hydraulic pressure chamber 166 supply operating fluids.Thus, in modified roll mechanism 102, supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104, piston 114,164 turns back to respectively center position.
On the contrary, when brake piping 72 lost efficacy, the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 62 is more than pressure reduction during than the little inefficacy of the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 60.
In modified roll mechanism 102, make piston 114 to the right-hand movement of Fig. 8, valve 132,134 is switched to out state.Hydraulic pressure chamber 166 supply operating fluids for driving from from hydraulic pressure chamber 120 to supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104, make operating fluid flow out from driving with hydraulic pressure chamber 167.
In supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104, owing to driving, the hydraulic pressure with hydraulic pressure chamber 166 is larger than driving the hydraulic pressure with hydraulic pressure chamber 167, thereby makes ladder piston 164 to the right-hand movement of Fig. 8.Operating fluid is flowed out, to the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 from the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14.The left side wheel 12 corresponding with the brake piping 72 losing efficacy and the ground connection power sum f of right side wheels 14 2diminish, the front-wheel 16 corresponding with normal brake piping 60 and the ground connection power f of trailing wheel 18 1, f 3become large.Thus, by the work of normal brake piping 70, can export 50% large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.
As mentioned above, in embodiment 1, because the maximum braking force that can export in the first and second brake pipings 70,72 is made as formed objects, even thereby any inefficacy, yaw moment can be do not produced, the braking force of two pipelines, 50% when normal can be exported yet.
In addition, because the ground connection power of wheel corresponding to the brake piping with losing efficacy diminishes, it is large that the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with normal brake piping becomes, thereby by the work of normal brake piping, can export 50% large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.
In addition, when brake piping 70,72 the two when normal, even hydraulic braking 32～38 work, valve 130～136 is also maintained at the state of closing.Thereby 2 brake pipings 70,72 are disconnected by the single-acting cylinder 86 with each wheel 12～18, unaffected each other.Specifically, supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104 is maintained at off working state, and the movement of piston 164 is prevented from, thereby the single-acting cylinder 86 of each wheel 12～18 is independent of one another.In addition, in the middle of braking work, even if the hydraulic pressure of single-acting cylinder 86 changes, can between hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122, not produce hydraulic pressure difference therefrom yet, can make the hydraulic pressure of two pipelines (hydraulic path 60,62) identical.
As mentioned above, in embodiment 1, supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 104 is corresponding corresponding to the device that comprises booster body and the mechanism of decompressor, and performance is as the function of fluid control portion.
In addition, in the above-described embodiments, although in vehicle 10 by front wheel side distance L fwith rear wheel-side distance L rbe made as roughly the same, but also can be different.That is, can be considered the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 1ground connection power f with trailing wheel 18 3the ground connection power sum f of sum and left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2in roughly the same scope, even front wheel side distance L fwith rear wheel-side distance L rdifference also has no relations.For example, need only | L f-L r|/(L f+ L r) value be below 0.2, can be considered roughly the same.
Embodiment 2
In the brake system of embodiment 2, ground connection power distributing altering device 200 comprises: modified roll mechanism 102; And the supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202 being connected with the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12 and trailing wheel 18.About the structure of other parts, due to identical with the brake system in embodiment 1, thereby description thereof is omitted.
Supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202 comprises: housing 210; With ladder piston 214, its with the liquid-tight property of mode that can slide be fitted in the stepped cylinder thorax 212 being formed on this housing 210.By stepped cylinder thorax 212 and ladder piston 214,4 hydraulic pressure chambers have altogether been formed.Hydraulic pressure chamber for driving in 4 hydraulic pressure chambers (chamber, large footpath) 220,221 is connected with the hydraulic pressure chamber 120,122 of modified roll mechanism 102 via hydraulic path 106,108, and path chamber 224,225 is connected with the single-acting cylinder 86 of left side wheel 12 and trailing wheel 18 via hydraulic path respectively.On supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202, be connected with one by one the single-acting cylinder 86 of the wheel corresponding with brake piping 70,72 12,18.
About the work of ground connection power distributing altering device 200, identical with the situation of embodiment 1.
For example, when brake piping 70 lost efficacy, make piston 114 move to the left of Fig. 9 in modified roll mechanism 102, valve 130,136 is out state, in supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202, ladder piston 214 is moved to the left of Fig. 9.Operating fluid is flowed out, to the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of the left side wheel 12 corresponding with normal brake piping 72 from the hydraulic pressure chamber 92 of the single-acting cylinder 86 of trailing wheel 18 corresponding to the brake piping 70 with losing efficacy.By reducing the ground connection power f of trailing wheel 18 3, increase the ground connection power of left side wheel 12, and make the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 1diminish, make the ground connection power of right side wheels 12 become large.Consequently, by the work of brake piping 72, can export 50% large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.
When brake piping 72 loses efficacy, too, it is large that the front-wheel 16 corresponding with brake piping 70 and the ground connection power of trailing wheel 18 became, and the left side wheel 12 corresponding with brake piping 72 and the ground connection power of right side wheels 18 diminish.
In the brake system of embodiment 2, due to the work of supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202, the worry that has vehicle to tilt to Width.But the situation that brake piping can be lost efficacy is thus informed to chaufeur.In addition, can make the structure of supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202 simpler than the situation of embodiment 1.In addition, single-acting cylinder 86 is not set on front-wheel 16.In addition, on the single-acting cylinder 86 of right side wheels 14, do not connect supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 202.Thereby, can reduce part count, can simplify pipe arrangement etc., thereby compare with the situation of embodiment 1, can realize cost.
Embodiment 3
In the brake system of embodiment 3, as shown in figure 10, ground connection power distributing altering device 300 comprises modified roll mechanism 302 and supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304.About other parts, due to identical with the brake system in embodiment 1, thereby description thereof is omitted.
Modified roll mechanism 302 comprises electromagnetic valve 310,312 and cylinder with differential effect 314.Cylinder with differential effect 314 comprise housing 316 and with the liquid-tight property of mode that can slide be fitted to the piston 318 in this housing 316, a hydraulic pressure chamber 320 of piston 318 is connected with hydraulic path 60 via electromagnetic valve 310, and another hydraulic pressure chamber 322 is connected with hydraulic path 62 via electromagnetic valve 312.Electromagnetic valve the 310, the 312nd, normally closed electromagnetic opening and closing valve, is opened and closed according to take the instruction of the ground connection power ECU 314 that computing machine is main body.
Supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304 comprises: the housing 330 (a) in centre with dividing wall 328; (b) in the mode that can slide, be fitted to respectively 2 pistons 332,334 of dividing wall 328 both sides of housing 330.The bar 336 that 2 pistons 332,334 are run through dividing wall 328 connects to and can move integratedly, and by liquid-tight property run through housing 330,316 bar 338 connect to and can move integratedly with the piston 318 of modified roll mechanism 302.By these pistons 318,332,334 and union lever 336,338 etc., formed piston union body 339.
The hydraulic pressure chamber 340,341 that is formed on piston 332 both sides is connected with the single-acting cylinder 86 of trailing wheel 18, left side wheel 12 respectively, and the hydraulic pressure chamber 342,343 that is formed on piston 334 both sides is connected with the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 14, right side wheels 14 respectively.
On ground connection power ECU 314, be connected with the hydraulic pressure transducer 350 that is arranged in hydraulic path 60, be arranged at hydraulic pressure transducer 352 in hydraulic path 62 and open the brake switch 354 of (ON) etc. during in serviceability when brake pedal 42, and be connected with the screw actuator of electromagnetic valve 310,312 via not shown driving circuit.
In ground connection power ECU 314, every predetermined setting-up time, carry out the represented solenoid control program of diagram of circuit of Figure 11.
In step 1 (being designated hereinafter simply as S1, for other steps too), judge that whether brake switch 354 is in opening (ON) state.When brake switch 354 is during in open mode, in S2, detect hydraulic pressure P1, the P2 of hydraulic path 60,62, in S3, judge that whether the absolute value of these hydraulic pressure difference is as more than the inefficacy decision threshold of being scheduled to.Inefficacy decision threshold is set as the size of determining (according to the inefficacy of embodiment 1 time pressure reduction determine) according to the pressure reduction producing when the inefficacy of any brake piping.When their absolute value of difference is than inefficacy decision threshold hour, in S5, the two is retained as the state of closing electromagnetic valve 310,312, but when their absolute value of difference be inefficacy decision threshold when above, in S5, by electromagnetic valve 310,312, the two switches to out state.
For example, when brake piping 70 lost efficacy, because the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 60 is than more than the little inefficacy decision threshold of the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 62, thereby electromagnetic valve 310,312 becomes out state.
In cylinder with differential effect 302, because the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 320 is less than the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 322, thereby piston union body 339 moves to the below of Figure 10.By the work of supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304, the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, make operating fluid flow out from the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 to the left.Thus, it is large that the ground connection power of the wheel 12,14 corresponding with normal brake piping 72 becomes, and the ground connection power of the wheel 16,18 corresponding with the brake piping 70 losing efficacy diminishes.
When brake piping 72 lost efficacy, in modified roll mechanism 302, because the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 322 is less than the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 320, thereby piston union body 339 moves to the top of Figure 10.By the work of supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304, it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 becomes, and the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 diminishes.
So, in the present embodiment, when brake piping 70,72 the two when normal, electromagnetic valve 310,312 is the state of closing.Thereby, brake piping 70,72 and each can be taken turns to 12～18 single-acting cylinder 86 disconnections.Thereby, can avoid the hydraulic pressure of master cylinder 44 to exert an influence to single-acting cylinder 86 or the hydraulic pressure of single-acting cylinder 86 exerts an influence to the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 60,62.
In addition,, under the state that closes of electromagnetic valve 310,312, because the work of supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304 is prevented from, thereby can keep the independence of the single-acting cylinder 86 of each wheel 12～18.
Embodiment 4
In the brake system of embodiment 4, as shown in figure 12, ground connection power distributing altering device 376 comprises modified roll mechanism 378 and supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304.In embodiment 4, modified roll mechanism 378 comprises electro-motor 380, and this point is different from the situation of embodiment 3, but the structure of other parts is identical with the brake system of embodiment 3, thereby description thereof is omitted.
In modified roll mechanism 378, on the output shaft of electro-motor 380, via movement conversion mechanism 382, link and have piston union body 384.Piston union body 384 consists of piston 332,334 and bar 336.
In addition, in any one of electro-motor 380 and movement conversion mechanism 382, not shown clutch mechanism is set, by the power acting on supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304, makes electro-motor 380 rotations.
In addition, on electro-motor 380, via driving circuit 386, be connected with ground connection power ECU 388.In ground connection power ECU 388, every predetermined setting-up time, carry out the electro-motor control program shown in the diagram of circuit of Figure 13.
When brake switch 354 is during in open mode, the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 60,62 is read in respectively.In S13, S14, judge that whether the hydraulic pressure of brake piping 70 is than more than the large inefficacy decision threshold of the hydraulic pressure of brake piping 72, and whether the hydraulic pressure of judging brake piping 72 is than more than the large inefficacy decision threshold of the hydraulic pressure of brake piping 70, but when arbitrary result of determination is all no (NO), two pipelines are all normal, thereby in S15, do not make electro-motor 380 work.
On the other hand, when the little inefficacy decision threshold of hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 62 is above, is judged to be brake piping 72 and lost efficacy, in S16, by the work of electro-motor 380, piston union body 384 is moved to the top of Figure 12.Thus, it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 becomes, and the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 diminishes.
On the other hand, when being judged to be brake piping 70 inefficacy, in S17, electro-motor 380 is rotated round about, piston union body 384 is moved to the below of Figure 12.Thus, it is large that the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 becomes, and the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 diminishes.
So, in embodiment 4, by the work of electro-motor 380, piston union body 384 is moved, thus, the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy diminishes, and it is large that the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with normal brake piping becomes.
In addition, owing to being provided with clutch mechanism, thereby to electro-motor 380, do not supplying, under the state of induced current, by acting on the power on piston union body 384, electro-motor 380 not to be rotated.Thereby, under the halted state of electro-motor 380, can well supercharging/mechanism of decompressor 304 and brake piping 70,72 be disconnected.
Embodiment 5
In the brake system of embodiment 5, ground connection power distributing altering device is the mechanism of decompressor 400 shown in Figure 14.Other parts are identical with the brake system in embodiment 2, thereby description thereof is omitted.
The mechanism of decompressor 400 comprise housing 410 and with the liquid-tight property of mode that can slide be fitted to the piston 412 in this housing 410, the both sides of piston 412 are hydraulic pressure chamber 414,416.Hydraulic pressure chamber 414,416 is connected with hydraulic path 60,62 respectively.In addition, the both sides of the piston 412 of housing 410 are provided with the valve 420,424 that is each other same structure.
Valve 420,424 is to be respectively arranged between the single-acting cylinder 86 and reservoir 430 of each wheel, to be arranged on the path 440 being connected with single-acting cylinder 86 and the normally closed valve between the path 442 being connected with reservoir 430.Valve 420,424 comprises respectively: valve seat 452, spool 454, spring 456 and make spool 454 open valve member 458 etc. away from valve seat 452.At spool 454, be seated under the state in valve seat 452, single-acting cylinder 86 and the state of reservoir 430 in being disconnected, but when the work by piston 412 makes out valve member 458 work, while making spool 454 away from valve seat 452, single-acting cylinder 86 is communicated with reservoir 430.In addition, be provided with the single-acting cylinder 86 that is connected with trailing wheel 18 on the path 440 of valve 420, be provided with the single-acting cylinder 86 that is connected with left side wheel 12 on the path 440 of valve 424.
When brake piping 70 lost efficacy, the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 414 when pressure reduction is above during than the little inefficacy of the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic pressure chamber 416, makes piston 412 move to the left of Figure 14.Valve 420 is switched to out state, and the single-acting cylinder 86 of trailing wheel 18 is communicated with reservoir 430.The ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 diminishes, and thus, it is large that the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 becomes.In the present embodiment, in theory, the ground connection power that can make the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy is 0, by the work of normal brake piping, can export the braking force of two pipelines, 100% when normal.
When brake piping 72 lost efficacy, make piston 412 to right-hand movement, valve 424 is switched to out state.The ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 diminishes, and it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 becomes.
So, if reduce the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy, the change distributing by ground connection power, it is large that the ground connection power of the wheel corresponding with normal brake piping becomes, even if, to the single-acting cylinder 86 supply operating fluids of the wheel corresponding with normal brake piping, can not increase ground connection power yet.Consequently, can make the structure of ground connection power distributing altering device become simply, thus, can realize cost.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the mechanism of decompressor 400 can be considered as ground connection power distributing altering device also doubles as differential pressure mechanism.
Embodiment 6
Brake system can be the system shown in Figure 15.
In this brake system, hydraulic brake 38 is not set on trailing wheel 18.In addition, the Yi Ge pressurized compartment 50 of master cylinder 44 is connected with the brake cylinder 54 of front-wheel 16 via hydraulic path 604, and another pressurized compartment 52 is connected with the brake cylinder 54 of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14 via hydraulic path 606.
For example, in vehicle 10, center of gravity G is positioned at the place ahead of the upper or left and right line Lb of the left and right line Lb of Fig. 1, when most of weight of vehicle body 82 is supported by front-wheel 16, left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, sometimes pass through the work of the hydraulic brake 36,32,34 of front-wheel 16, left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, can export the braking force that is enough to make vehicle 10 decelerations.Now, necessity of hydraulic brake is not set on trailing wheel 18.
In addition, when height of gravitational center H is than front wheel side distance L fwhen large, when braking, be applied to the ground connection power f on front-wheel 16 1much larger than the ground connection power f being applied on trailing wheel 18 3(f 1> > f 3).When can be by the ground connection power f of trailing wheel 18 3be considered as being roughly at 0 o'clock, the ground connection power that can be considered front-wheel 16 is substantially equal to the ground connection power sum (f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 1≒ f 2).Thereby, if by formation first brake pipings 610 such as brake cylinder 54 of pressurized compartment 50, hydraulic path 604, front-wheel 16, by formation second brake pipings 612 such as brake cylinder 54 of pressurized compartment 52, hydraulic path 606, left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, even any inefficacy in the first brake piping 610 and the second brake piping 612, can not produce yaw moment, can export and roughly be equivalent to two pipelines, braking force of 50% when normal yet.
Can be in the brake system of embodiment 6 the ground connection power distributing altering device in Application Example 1～5.
When brake piping 610 lost efficacy, the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 1diminish, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2become large, when brake piping 612 lost efficacy, the ground connection power sum f of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 2diminish, the ground connection power f of front-wheel 16 1become large.Consequently, even if any in brake piping 610,612 lost efficacy, by the work of normal brake piping, also can export 50% large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.
In addition,, in the brake system of embodiment 6, due to hydraulic brake 38 not being set on trailing wheel 18, thereby due to this reason, can realize cost.
Embodiment 7
The configuration that brake system also can be carried wheel is not on the vehicle of rhombus.According to Figure 16～18 example pair in the case, describe.In addition, to structure member mark same-sign same as the previously described embodiments, also description thereof is omitted.
As shown in figure 16, in vehicle 700, the position of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 regulation point Q f, Q rby connecting the position regulation point Q of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 mL, Q mRthe mid point Qbo of left and right line Lb, be positioned at the front and back line La of left and right line Lb quadrature upper, but front wheel side distance L fthan rear wheel-side distance L rgreatly.Left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 are positioned at the place by rear Δ m than the mid point Qao of front and back line La.
On vehicle 700, carried the brake system shown in Figure 17.
In the brake system of embodiment 7, on left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, be respectively arranged with hydraulic brake 32～38.The Yi Ge pressurized compartment 50 of master cylinder 44 is connected with the brake cylinder 54 (with reference to Fig. 3) of front-wheel 16 via hydraulic path 702, and another pressurized compartment 52 is connected with the brake cylinder 54 of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, trailing wheel 18 via hydraulic path 704.
Brake cylinders 54 by pressurized compartment 50, front-wheel 16 etc. form the first brake piping 710, and the brake cylinder 54 by pressurized compartment 52 and left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, trailing wheel 18 etc. forms the second brake piping 712.
As shown in figure 18, in vehicle 700, when the place ahead (on the Qao of center) in left and right line Lb of the center of gravity G of assumed vehicle body 820, because vehicle body 720 is rigid bodies, thereby between the amount of compression of the axle spring 84 with the corresponding setting of each wheel, have following formula to set up:
(x 2-x 1)/(L+Δm)＝(x 3-x 2)/(L-Δm)
This formula is arranged, can obtain following formula:
2·x 2＝(x 1+x 3)+(x 3-x 1)·Δm/L
In addition, identical with above-described embodiment 1, when the elastic constant of axle spring 84 is equal to each other, have following formula to set up:
f 2＝(f 1+f 3)+(f 3-f 1)·Δm/L…(10)
In addition, consider the balance around the torque of center of gravity G, have following formula to set up:
f 1＝f 3+f 2·Δm/L…(11)
In (11) formula, ground connection power f 1, f 2, f 3, distance, delta m, L be on the occasion of, thereby known f 1compare f 3(f greatly 1> f 3).And, by its substitution (10) formula, due to second, the right (f 3-f 1) Δ m/L is negative value, known f 2than (f 1+ f 3) little.
f 1+f 3＞f 2…(12)
So, the vehicle 700 at the rear of the center-point Qao of line La, sometimes the ground connection power f of wheel 16 before and after left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 are arranged in 1size and the ground connection power sum (f of wheel 12,14,18 2+ f 3) roughly the same (f 1≒ f 2+ f 3).In addition, as formula (f 2=f 1+ f 3) while being false, sometimes expect use formula (f 1≒ f 2+ f 3).According to above situation, the first brake piping 710 comprises that brake cylinder 54, the second brake pipings 712 of front-wheel 16 comprise the brake cylinder 54 of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14 and trailing wheel 18.Consequently, can make the maximum braking force of these 2 brake pipings 710,712 roughly the same, even if any lost efficacy, also can not produce yaw moment, thereby can export, be equivalent to two pipelines, braking force of 50% roughly when normal.
In the brake system of embodiment 7, can carry the ground contact load change device of recording in embodiment 1～5.For example, when the second brake piping 712 lost efficacy, the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 diminishes.Although it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 becomes, but the ground connection power sum of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, trailing wheel 18 is than little before controlling, it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 becomes, thereby by the work of the first brake piping 710, can export the braking force that is greater than 50%.
When the first brake piping 710 lost efficacy, the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 diminishes.Thus, the ground connection power of trailing wheel 18 diminishes, and it is large that the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 becomes, but the ground connection power sum (f of the wheel 12,14,18 corresponding with the second brake piping 712 2+ f 3) than large before controlling, thereby by the work of the second brake piping 712, can export 50% large braking force of than two pipelines braking force when normal.To this, by reducing the ground connection power of front-wheel 16, the ground connection power of trailing wheel 18 also diminishes, at the ground connection power sum (f of wheel 12,14,18 2+ f 3) than in vehicle little before controlling, when the first brake piping 710 lost efficacy, can not reduce the ground connection power of front-wheel 16.
Embodiment 8
The present invention can be applied to be provided with in the brake system of dynamo-electric brake 812,814,816,818 on each wheel of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14, front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18.Figure 19 shows an example now.Dynamo-electric brake the 812,814,816, the 818th, running brake.
(whole about brake system)
Dynamo-electric brake 812～818 comprises respectively the electro-motor 819 as brake actuator, and the work by electro-motor 819 pushes not shown friction means to braking swivel, suppress thus the rotation of wheel.
In dynamo-electric brake 812～818, correspondence is provided with motor driver 820, motor ECU822 respectively.In Figure 19, each of motor driver 820, motor ECU 822 has been marked to the letter (F, R, ML, MR) that represents wheel position.Below, in this manual when needs are distinguished them, can mark corresponding with it letter and record.
Brake system comprises: as the first battery 824 and second battery 826 of power supply; The first system ECU 828 and second system ECU 830; And brake operating device 831.
The first system ECU 828 comprises the first host CPU 832 and first secondary CPU 833 these 2 CPU, and second system ECU 830 comprises the second host CPU 834 and second secondary CPU 835 these 2 CPU.
Brake operating device 831 comprises: as the brake pedal 838 of brake operating parts; With operation along with brake pedal 838 and stroke emulator 840 of working etc.The stroke of brake pedal 838 is detected by first, second this two stroke sensors 842,843, and the legpower being applied on brake pedal 838 is detected by first, second this two pedaling force sensors 846,847.
(about brake piping)
I) energy system
The first system ECU 828 (the first host CPU 832, the first secondary CPU 833), be arranged on electro-motor 819, F motor driver 820, R motor driver 820, F motor ECU 822, R motor ECU 822, the first stroke sensor 842 and the first pedaling force sensor 846 on front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, be connected with the first battery 824.The dynamo-electric brake 816,818 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 is by working from the electric power of the first battery 830 supplies.In addition, on second system ECU830 (the second host CPU 834, the second secondary CPU 835), the electro-motor 819 corresponding with left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, ML motor driver 820, MR motor driver 820, ML motor ECU 822, MR motor ECU 822, the second stroke sensor 843, the second pedaling force sensor 847, be connected with the second battery 826, the electrodynamic braking 812,814 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 is worked by the electric power of the second battery 826.
Therefore, about energy, be, by the first system ECU 828, be arranged on the electro-motor 819 on front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, F motor driver 820, R motor driver 820, F motor ECU822, R motor ECU 822, the first stroke sensor 842, the first pedaling force sensor 846, the first battery 824, form the first brake piping 850, by second system ECU 830, the electro-motor 819 corresponding with left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, ML motor driver 820, MR motor driver 820, ML motor ECU 822, MR motor ECU 822, the second stroke sensor 843, the second pedaling force sensor 847, form the second brake piping 852.
Ii) control system, sensor system
In the first system ECU 828, the first host CPU 832 is connected with the first stroke sensor 842, the first pedaling force sensor 846 respectively with the first secondary CPU 833, in the middle of separately, according to the operational stroke of brake pedal 838, legpower, determines the target stress (target friction member thrust pressure) as control command value.The control command value generating in each of the first host CPU 832 and the first secondary CPU 833 (is for example compared, can in the first host CPU 832, compare), when their absolute value of difference is than setting value (abnormality juding threshold value) hour, the first system ECU 828 is normal.Now, in the first host CPU 832, definite control command value is supplied to F motor ECU 822 and R motor ECU 822.F motor ECU 822 and R motor ECU 822 control respectively the induced current that supplies to electro-motor 819, so that the actual stress that electro-motor 819 produces approaches target stress.
For second system ECU 830 too, in the second host CPU 834, the second secondary CPU835, according to the operational stroke of brake pedal 838, legpower, determine the target stress as control command value respectively.When the absolute value of the difference of the control command value generating is than abnormality juding threshold value hour, control command value is offered to ML motor ECU 822 and MR motor ECU 822 in each of the second host CPU 834, secondary CPU 835.ML motor ECU 822 and MR motor ECU 822 control respectively the induced current that supplies to electro-motor 819, so that the actual stress that electro-motor 819 produces approaches target stress.
So, in embodiment 8, for controlling system, sensor system, also forming with energy is identical 2 brake pipings 850,852.
(failure detection)
A) system ECU's is abnormal
As mentioned above, in the first system ECU 828, when the absolute value of the difference of the control command value generating in each of the first host CPU 832 and secondary CPU 833 is abnormality juding threshold value when above, be judged to be the first system ECU 828 abnormal, be considered as the first brake piping 850 and lost efficacy.Now, do not export control command value.In addition, now also there are stroke sensor 842, pedaling force sensor 846 that abnormal possibility occurs.
Equally, in second system ECU 830, when the absolute value of the difference of the control command value generating is abnormality juding threshold value when above, be judged to be second system ECU 830 abnormal in each of 2 CPU 834,835, be considered as the second brake piping 852 and lost efficacy.
And, when being judged to be the first brake piping 850 inefficacy, from the first system ECU 828 to second system ECU 830 supply fail messages, when being judged to be the second brake piping 852 inefficacy, to the first system ECU 829 supply fail messages.
B) electrodynamic braking is abnormal
The actual current of motor driver 820 will be represented to flow through, the information of the actual stress (the friction member thrust pressure in dynamo-electric brake) of electro-motor 819 generations offers the motor ECU 822 of each wheel.The expression actual current providing, actual stressed information are supplied to system ECU, can detect electrodynamic braking 812～818 grades based on this and have or not extremely (dynamo-electric brake 812～818 cisco unity malfunctions abnormal).
The information obtaining in F motor ECU 822 and R motor ECU 822 is provided for the first host CPU 832 (the first system ECU 828), whether the actual stress that judgement is supplied in the first host CPU 832 is less than the abnormality juding threshold value of being determined by control command value, and whether the actual current that judgement is supplied is less than the abnormality juding threshold value that approaches 0.When actual stress is than abnormality juding threshold value hour, be judged to electro-motor 819 abnormal, when actual current value is than abnormality juding threshold value hour, be judged to motor driver 820 and electro-motor 819 abnormal (broken string has for example occurred).
Equally, in second system ECU 830, the dynamo-electric brake 812,814 of detection left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 and ML motor driver 820, MR motor driver 820 etc. have or not abnormal.
When the dynamo-electric brake 816,818 etc. that is judged to be front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 in the first system ECU 828 is all during operation irregularity, be judged to be the first brake piping 850 and lost efficacy.But, when the abnormal but another one of any one in dynamo-electric brake 816,818 etc. is normal, can be judged to the first brake piping 850 and lost efficacy.This is because even the dynamo-electric brake 816,818 of any one is worked in front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, also can not produce yaw moment.
On the other hand, when be judged to left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 in second system ECU 830 in, cannot normally work appears at least one dynamo-electric brake 812,814 when abnormal, is judged to be the second brake piping 852 and loses efficacy.
C) battery is abnormal
The information that represents the power line voltage of the first battery 824 is provided for the first system ECU 828.In the first host CPU 832 and the first secondary CPU 833, judge respectively that whether power line voltage is as below abnormality juding threshold value (being considered to be unable to supply the voltage of electric power), when judging that at least one CPU power line voltage is following as abnormality juding threshold value, be judged to and occurred to supply the abnormal of electric power to the first battery 824, be judged to the first brake piping 850 and lost efficacy.
The information that represents the power line voltage of the second battery 826 is provided for second system ECU 830, is similarly determined with without abnormal.
So, in embodiment 8, control system and (can be described as information supply system, have CPU, ECU, signal wire (SW) etc.), sensor system (can be described as serviceability and detects system, have sensor, signal wire (SW) etc.), energy system (can be described as power supply system, have battery, actuator, electric wireline etc.) each adopt dual system independent of each other.Therefore,, in any of the first brake piping 850 and the second brake piping 852, even if any one that control system, sensor system, energy supply system lost efficacy, also can dynamo-electric brake be worked by another.
(ground connection power distributing altering device)
In embodiment 8, be provided with the ground connection power distributing altering device 860 shown in Figure 20.Ground connection power distributing altering device 860 comprises the electromagnetic valve 872,874,876,878 being arranged on respectively between each single-acting cylinder 86 and reservoir 862, and described each single-acting cylinder 86 is arranged on each wheel 12,14,16,18.These electromagnetic valves 872～878th, normally closed valve, the screw actuator of electromagnetic valve 872,874 is connected with the first system ECU 828 via not shown driving circuit, and the screw actuator of electromagnetic valve 876,878 is connected with second system ECU 830 via not shown driving circuit.
According to control the electromagnetic valve 876,878 in the single-acting cylinder 86 that is arranged on the wheel corresponding with the first brake piping 850 16,18 from the instruction that belongs to the second system ECU 830 of the second brake piping 852, according to control the electromagnetic valve 872,874 being arranged in the wheel corresponding with the second brake piping 852 12,14 corresponding single-acting cylinders 86 from the instruction that belongs to the first system ECU 828 of the first brake piping 850.The first brake piping 850 lost efficacy, and to be also equivalent to the first system ECU828 abnormal, now exist cannot be from possibility from the first system ECU 828 to electromagnetic valve 876,878 output commands, thereby from second system ECU 830 output commands.
When the first brake piping 850 inefficacy being detected, second system ECU 830 outputs make electromagnetic valve 876,878 become out the instruction of state.Electromagnetic valve 876,878 is switched to out state, and the single-acting cylinder 86 of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 is communicated with reservoir 862.The ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 reduces, and it is large that the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 becomes.
When detecting the second brake piping 852 inefficacy, the first system ECU 828 outputs make electromagnetic valve 872,874 become out the instruction of state.Electromagnetic valve 872,874 is switched to out state, and the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14 reduces, and it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18 becomes.
So, in the brake system of embodiment 8, even in 2 brake pipings one while losing efficacy, also can be equivalent to two pipelines more than 1/2 braking force when normal by another output.
Embodiment 9
Brake system in embodiment 9 comprises 3 brake pipings.Figure 21 shows an example now.Owing to being arranged at, dynamo-electric brake in the dynamo-electric brake etc. of each wheel and the brake system of embodiment 8 etc. is identical, thereby mark same-sign description thereof is omitted.
Brake system comprises: first, second, and third these 3 batteries 900,902,904; 1 system ECU 916 with 3 CPU 910,912,914; And brake operating device 918.The first battery 900 is connected with a CPU 910, and be connected with F motor ECU 822, the F motor driver 820 of front-wheel 16, the second battery 902 is connected with the 2nd CPU 912, and is connected with ML motor ECU 822, MR motor ECU 822, ML motor driver 820, the MR motor driver 820 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14.The 3rd battery 904 is connected with R motor driver 820, the R motor ECU 822 of the 3rd CPU 914, trailing wheel 18.
In addition, in brake operating device 918, be provided with 3 first, second, third stroke sensors 920,921,922 that the stroke of brake pedal 838 is detected, and be provided with 3 first, second, third pedaling force sensors 924,925,926 that detect legpower.The first stroke sensor 920 is connected with a CPU 910 with the first pedaling force sensor 924, the second stroke sensor 921 is connected with the 2nd CPU 912 with the second pedaling force sensor 925, and third trip sensor 922 is connected with the 3rd CPU 914 with the 3rd pedaling force sensor 926.And, in 3 CPU 910,912,914, generate respectively the target stress as control command value, by communication, their value is compared, by majority, determine that method determines 1 target stress (for example definite at a CPU 910).To represent that determined 1 the stressed information of target jointly offers whole F, R, ML, the MR motor ECU 822 of each wheel 12～18.
So, in the present embodiment, system ECU 916 comprises 3 CPU 910,912,914, because the method for determining by majority is determined 1 target stress (target friction member thrust pressure), even thereby in 3 CPU 910,912,914 1 occurred extremely, also can make whole dynamo-electric brake work.So, for controlling system, do not adopt 3 systems independent of each other.
In embodiment 9, by the first battery 900, the first main ECU 910, the F motor ECU 822 of front-wheel 16, F motor driver 820, electro-motor 819 etc., form the first brake piping 930, by the second battery 902, the 2nd CPU 912, the ML motor ECU 822 of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, MR motor ECU 822, ML motor driver 820, MR motor driver 820, electro-motor 819 etc., form the second brake piping 932, by the 3rd battery 904, the 3rd CPU 914, the R motor driver 820 of trailing wheel 18, R motor ECU 822, electro-motor 819 etc., form the 3rd brake piping 934.
In addition, identical with embodiment 8, in each of 3 CPU 910,912,914, judge that whether the power line voltage of battery 900,902,904 is as below abnormality juding threshold value, when being abnormality juding threshold value when following, be considered as battery abnormal, judge that the brake piping under this battery lost efficacy.
In addition, in each of 3 CPU 910,912,914, according to the actual current value of the stress of electro-motor 819, motor driver 820 etc., judge whether dynamo-electric brake occurs normally working abnormal.
In addition, carry the ground connection power distributing altering device 860 shown in Figure 20 can to the brake system in embodiment 9.Now, can control each electromagnetic valve 872～878 according to the instruction of system ECU 916.
So, in embodiment 9, because brake system comprises 3 brake pipings, even if thereby any brake piping inefficacy also can make other 2 brake piping work, thereby can export and be equivalent to more than 50% braking force of whole brake pipings when normal, thereby can make reliability further improve.
Embodiment 10
Brake system in embodiment 10 comprises the brake piping with hydraulic brake and the brake piping with dynamo-electric brake.In the brake system of embodiment 10, for the structure part identical with the brake system shown in Fig. 3, Figure 19 (embodiment 1, embodiment 8), also description thereof is omitted for mark same-sign.
As shown in figure 22, on front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, be respectively arranged with hydraulic brake 36,38, in left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, be respectively arranged with dynamo-electric brake 812,814.
Master cylinder 950 comprises 1 pressurized compartment 952, and the operation that jams on by brake pedal 42 in pressurized compartment 952 produces hydraulic pressure.Pressurized compartment 952 via hydraulic path 954 be connected with the brake cylinder 54 of front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18.In the present embodiment, the brake cylinder 54 by pressurized compartment 952 (master cylinder 950), front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18 etc., form the first brake piping 956.
In brake operating device 958, the operational stroke of brake pedal 838 is detected by stroke sensor 962, and legpower is detected by pedaling force sensor 964.In addition, system ECU 966 comprises host CPU 968 and secondary CPU 970.These major and minor 2 CPU 968,970 are connected with stroke sensor 962, pedaling force sensor 964 via two signal wire (SW)s respectively.
In addition, on the motor driver 820 of these 2 CPU 968,970, left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14, motor ECU 822, be connected battery 972.In the present embodiment, by battery 972, system ECU 966, ML motor driver 820, MR motor driver 820, ML motor ECU 822, MR motor ECU 822, ML electro-motor 819, MR electro-motor 819, stroke sensor 962, pedaling force sensor 964, form the second brake piping 974.
In each of host CPU 968, secondary CPU 970, the value that represents the value of stroke and represent legpower is provided in the mode of each 2 respectively.In each of host CPU 968, secondary CPU 970, the sensor valuess of each 2 are compared, when the absolute value of the difference of these sensor valuess is abnormality juding threshold value when above, be judged to be sensor abnormality.Now, being judged to be the second brake piping 974 lost efficacy.
In addition,, in each of host CPU 968, secondary CPU 970, generate and represent the stressed control command value of target, and compare.When the absolute value of the difference of these values is abnormality juding threshold value when above, it is abnormal that the system that is considered as is controlled ECU 966, is judged to be the second brake piping 974 and lost efficacy.
In addition, identical with the situation of embodiment 8, when the voltage of battery 972 is abnormality juding threshold value when following, and while judging abnormal that cannot normally to work appearred in dynamo-electric brake 812,814, be considered as the second brake piping 974 and lost efficacy.
In the brake system of embodiment 10, carried the ground connection power distributing altering device 860 shown in Figure 20.In the present embodiment 10, according to controlling the electromagnetic valve 872～878 with the corresponding setting of single-acting cylinder 86 of each wheel from take the instruction of the ground connection power ECU 976 that computing machine is main body.
On ground connection power ECU 976, be connected with hydraulic pressure transducer 978 and system ECU 966 that the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic path 904 is detected.In ground connection power ECU 976, under the serviceability at brake pedal 838, the detected value of hydraulic pressure transducer 978 is to approach 0 setting value when following, detection is that the first brake piping 954 lost efficacy, and output makes the electromagnetic valve 876,878 shown in Figure 20 (with the electromagnetic valve that is arranged on the corresponding setting of single-acting cylinder 86 on the wheel 16,18 corresponding with the first brake piping 956) become out the instruction of state.Thus, can reduce the ground connection power of front-wheel 16 and trailing wheel 18, increase the ground connection power of left side wheel 12 and right side wheels 14.
In addition,, when the fail message that represents the second brake piping 974 inefficacies is provided from system ECU 966, output makes electromagnetic valve 872,874 become out the instruction of state.The ground connection power of left side wheel 12, right side wheels 14 diminishes, and it is large that the ground connection power of front-wheel 16, trailing wheel 18 becomes.
So, if make an actr that comprises hydraulic brake in a plurality of brake pipings, make another actr that comprises dynamo-electric brake, all comprise that with two pipelines the situation of the actr of dynamo-electric brake compares, can improve reliability.
In addition,, in embodiment 10, owing in sensor system, signal wire (SW) having been adopted to dual system, thereby can further improve reliability.
In addition, 3 brake pipings can also be set in brake system.
For example, as shown in figure 23, in the pressurized compartment 50,52 of the master cylinder 44 of series type, via hydraulic path 980,982, connect the brake cylinder 54 of trailing wheel 18 and the brake cylinders 54 of front-wheel 16 respectively.Now, the first brake piping 984 comprises that brake cylinder 54, the three brake pipings 986 of pressurized compartment 52, hydraulic path 980, front-wheel 16 comprise the brake cylinder 54 of pressurized compartment 50, hydraulic path 962, trailing wheel 18.
More than recorded a plurality of embodiment, but they can appropriately combinedly use.
In addition,, in the various embodiments described above, it not is indispensable that ground connection power distributing altering device is set.
In addition, the elastic constant of the axle spring 84 of each wheel also can be made as the size differing from one another.Now, can improve the Design freedom of distribution about ground connection power etc.
In addition,, as hydraulic power source, also can use the power fluid potential source with alternative master cylinders such as pumping plants.Now, by control pump motor or control, be arranged on the electromagnetic valve device that comprises a plurality of electromagnetic valves between power fluid potential source and brake cylinder, control the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder.
In addition, in the various embodiments described above, brake piping comprises the actr of running brake, but for the brake system that comprises Parking Brake, also can make brake piping comprise the actr of Parking Brake.In addition, for comprising on 1 wheel, the situation of a plurality of running brake too brake piping can be set.
In addition, the present invention can be having implemented various changes according to those skilled in the art's knowledge, improved mode is implemented.
Nomenclature
12: left side wheel
14: right side wheels
16: front-wheel
18: trailing wheel
32～36: hydraulic brake
44,950: master cylinder
50,52,952: pressurized compartment
54: brake cylinder
56: friction member
58: braking swivel
60,62,604,606,702,704: hydraulic path
70,72,610,612,710,712,956,984,986: brake piping
84: axle spring
86: single-acting cylinder
100,200,300,376: ground connection power distributing altering device
812～816: dynamo-electric brake
819: electro-motor
820: motor driver
822: motor ECU
824,826,900,902,904,972: battery
828,830,916,966: system ECU
831,918,958: brake operating device
850,852,930,932,934,974: brake piping
860: ground connection power distributing altering device

Claims (14)

1. a brake system, described brake system is arranged on vehicle, and comprises plural brake piping independent of each other, and described vehicle comprises: the left side wheel and the right side wheels that (i) on the Width of vehicle, are spaced apart setting; And (ii) be positioned at the central authorities of described left side wheel and described right side wheels and on the fore-and-aft direction of described vehicle with described left side wheel and the spaced front-wheel of described right side wheels and trailing wheel;
Described brake system is characterised in that, comprising:
Drg, is arranged in each of described front-wheel, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels, suppresses the rotation of wheel by the work of brake actuator; With
Plural energy source, described energy source is arranged independently of one another, to described brake actuator supplying energy;
And,
The first brake piping as one of described plural brake piping comprises: (a) as first energy source of one of described plural energy source; (b) by from the energy of described the first energy source supply, work, be arranged on the brake actuator described front-wheel,
As another the second brake piping outside described the first brake piping in described plural brake piping, comprise: (c) as second energy source of one of described plural energy source; (d) by brake actuator that work, described left side wheel, the brake actuator of described right side wheels and the brake actuator of described trailing wheel from the energy of described the second energy source supply.
2. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Described vehicle arranges described front-wheel with following state, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels, described state refers to: by described left side wheel, described right side wheels, in each of described front-wheel and described trailing wheel, intersection point regulation between the face of the center-point of the rotation centerline of wheel and the Width by wheel is for representing the position regulation point of the position of this wheel, under plane angle, the position regulation point of described front-wheel and the distance being connected between the position regulation point of described left side wheel and the left and right line of the position regulation point of described right side wheels, larger than the distance between the position regulation point of described trailing wheel and described left and right line.
3. brake system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein,
Described vehicle makes the ground contact load of described front-wheel equal the ground contact load sum of described right side wheels, described left side wheel and described trailing wheel.
4. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Described brake actuator is brake cylinder,
Described drg is by utilized hydraulic pressure friction means to be pressed on the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel by described brake cylinder, the hydraulic brake thus rotation of described wheel being suppressed,
Described energy source is the hydraulic pressure producing as described energy, and this hydraulic pressure is supplied to the hydraulic power source of described brake cylinder.
5. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Described brake actuator is electro-motor,
Described drg is by utilizing the work of described electro-motor friction means to be pressed on the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel, the dynamo-electric brake thus rotation of described wheel being suppressed,
Described energy source is the power supply as the electric power of described energy to described electro-motor supply.
6. brake system as claimed in claim 5, wherein,
Described brake system comprises electro-motor control setup, and described electro-motor control setup is setting corresponding to described electro-motor respectively, and controls the induced current that supplies to described electro-motor,
From the first power supply to electro-motor control setup supply electric power corresponding to the electro-motor with belonging to described the first brake piping,
From second source to electro-motor control setup supply electric power corresponding to the electro-motor with belonging to described the second brake piping.
7. brake system as claimed in claim 6, wherein,
Described brake system comprises take the independent of each other plural system control device that computing machine is main body,
From described the first power supply to the first system control setup supply electric power as one of described plural system control device,
According to control the electro-motor that belongs to described the first brake piping from the instruction of described the first system control setup,
From described second source to another the second system control setup supply electric power as outside the first system control setup described in described plural system control device,
According to control the electro-motor that belongs to described the second brake piping from the instruction of described second system control setup.
8. brake system as claimed in claim 7, wherein,
Described brake system comprises: (a) can be by the brake operating parts of driver's operation; (b) the plural serviceability detecting device same operation state of described brake operating parts being detected,
The first serviceability detecting device as one of described plural serviceability detecting device is connected with described the first system control setup,
As another the second serviceability detecting device outside the first serviceability detecting device described in described plural serviceability detecting device, be connected with described second system control setup.
9. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Any in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping comprises: (a) as the hydraulic power source of described energy source, it produces as the hydraulic pressure of described energy and for should hydraulic pressure; (b), as the brake cylinder of described brake actuator, it is by working from the hydraulic pressure of described hydraulic power source supply,
Another in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping comprises: (c), as the power supply of described energy source, its supply is as the electric power of described energy; (d) as the electro-motor of described brake actuator, it is by working from the electric power of described power supply supply.
10. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
The described drg being arranged in described front-wheel, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels is all running brake.
11. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Described vehicle comprises: axle spring, described axle spring for described front-wheel, described trailing wheel, described left side wheel and described right side wheels each and be arranged on vehicle body and keep between the wheel-side member of each wheel, the elastic constant of these axle spring is mutually the same.
12. brake system as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
Described brake system comprises ground connection power distributing altering device, when any one in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping lost efficacy, with lost efficacy before compare, this ground connection power distributing altering device reduces the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping losing efficacy, and increases the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping not losing efficacy.
13. brake system as claimed in claim 12, wherein,
Described vehicle comprises single-acting cylinder and axle spring, described single-acting cylinder and described axle spring are taken turns at least one in front-wheel described in described left side wheel, described right side wheels and described trailing wheel and are arranged at vehicle body and keep between the wheel-side member of wheel by series connection
When any in described the first brake piping and described the second brake piping of described ground connection power distributing altering device lost efficacy, to being provided with the hydraulic pressure of at least one single-acting cylinder of taking turns in the wheel of described single-acting cylinder, control, make thus and carry out before this fluid control comparing, the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with the brake piping of described inefficacy diminishes, and the ground connection power sum of the wheel corresponding with another brake piping not losing efficacy becomes large.
14. brake system as claimed in claim 13, wherein,
Described drg is by utilizing the hydraulic pressure of brake cylinder carry out work and friction means is pushed to the braking swivel that can rotate integratedly with described wheel, thereby suppresses the hydraulic brake of the rotation of described wheel,
Described single-acting cylinder and described axle spring be separately positioned on that at least one in the wheel corresponding with described the first brake piping taken turns and with wheel corresponding to described the second brake piping at least one take turns,
Described ground connection power distributing altering device comprises:
Modified roll mechanism, described modified roll mechanism comprises: (a) two hydraulic pressure chambers, described two hydraulic pressure chambers are connected with described the second brake piping with described the first brake piping respectively; (b) movable member, described movable member is worked by the hydraulic pressure difference of described two hydraulic pressure chambers; And
(c) mechanism of decompressor and (d) at least one in booster body,
Wherein,
Described (c) mechanism of decompressor, by the work of described modified roll mechanism, makes to compare with before described modified roll mechanism work, reduces the hydraulic pressure of the described single-acting cylinder that arranges on the wheel corresponding with the brake piping of described inefficacy,
Described (d) booster body, by the work of described modified roll mechanism, makes to compare with before described modified roll mechanism work, increases the hydraulic pressure of the described single-acting cylinder arranging on the wheel corresponding with described another brake piping not losing efficacy.
CN200980161990.4A 2009-10-14 2009-10-14 Brake system Expired - Fee Related CN102574509B (en)

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EP2489563A1 (en) 2012-08-22
CN102574509A (en) 2012-07-11
JPWO2011045854A1 (en) 2013-03-04
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EP2489563A4 (en) 2014-06-18
EP2489563B1 (en) 2016-08-31

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