CN102570830A - Modular photovoltaic power electronic converter based on coupling inductance - Google Patents
Modular photovoltaic power electronic converter based on coupling inductance Download PDFInfo
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- CN102570830A CN102570830A CN2011104362506A CN201110436250A CN102570830A CN 102570830 A CN102570830 A CN 102570830A CN 2011104362506 A CN2011104362506 A CN 2011104362506A CN 201110436250 A CN201110436250 A CN 201110436250A CN 102570830 A CN102570830 A CN 102570830A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention relates to a modular photovoltaic power electronic converter based on coupling inductance, which comprises a solar-cell panel, a maximum power point tracking circuit, a photovoltaic converter, load and a storage battery. The photovoltaic converter is formed by a direct current/ direct current (DC/DC) phase shifted full bridge and a direct current/ alternating current (DC/AC) inversion bridge. The coupling inductance is introduced to the voltage-multiplying rectification side of a DC/DC phase shifted full bridge circuit. The coupling inductance can not only quickly reduce primary side circulation current through the coupling effect to reduce duty ratio loss accordingly but also ensure the filtering effect of power frequency half-sinusoid voltage modulated by sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and output by the voltage-multiplying rectification side of the DC/DC phase shifted full bridge circuit and can achieve a leading arm zero voltage switch of a phase shifted full bridge circuit. Alternating current electricity is output at the DC/AC grade through the power frequency inversion bridge. The converter is simple in structure, low in cost, high in efficiency, easy to achieve and capable of being used in not only a photovoltaic system but also other new energy systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to converters; Be a kind of coupling inductance to be placed the voltage multiplying rectifier side; Realize filtering, like switch, reduce the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance of function such as duty-cycle loss; Can be used in the modular type photovoltaic system, can also be used for other new forms of energy inversion link.
Background technology
The new forms of energy photovoltaic power generation technology is the new industry of being paid close attention to deeply and greatly developing at present.For the efficient that improves solar panel as far as possible, satisfy requirements such as the photovoltaic generation product design is flexible, the modular type photovoltaic generating system has obtained increasing attention, becomes one of development trend of photovoltaic power generation technology.
In the modular type photovoltaic generating system; Every solar panel all is equipped with photovoltaic converter to satisfy the alternating current of loading demand with direct output; Solar panel in the said system incorporate into evacuation system all than being easier to, can realize plug and play, the design of system is more flexible.Because the grade of monolithic solar panel output voltage is low in the modular type photovoltaic generating system, therefore, photovoltaic converter will possess and boosts and two functions of inversion, and promptly the DC/DC level of photovoltaic converter is boosted, DC/AC level output AC.At present, phase whole-bridging circuit is to use more DC/DC converter, and it is simple in structure, high efficiency, and still, there is the problem of duty-cycle loss in it.In order to address this problem, existing improving one's methods is to increase auxiliary circuits such as switching tube; But so structure is with regard to relative complex, and the stability decreases of said system has increased the complexity of control method; Not only increased cost, and it is very big to implement difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art; A kind of modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance is provided; Can reduce duty-cycle loss, guarantee filter quality, realize the soft switch of DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit; Make the inverse parallel diode continuousing flow of switching tube through the mode of phase shift, realize leading arm ZVT.
For addressing the above problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance; Contain solar panel, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, contain photovoltaic converter, load and the storage battery of DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge and DC/AC inverter bridge; Said solar panel possesses the energy storage link; Behind the MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, charge a battery, boost and inversion through photovoltaic converter, final output AC electricity is given load; It is characterized in that, coupling inductance is placed the voltage multiplying rectifier side of the DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge of photovoltaic converter, and in the voltage multiplying rectifier diode branch with two inductance coupling high, coupling coefficient can require adjust according to electric property; The inductance of coupling constitutes two LC filter circuits with the two capacitive branch of voltage multiplying rectifier thereafter, and used electric capacity also has filter function except that the multiplication of voltage function; The prime of said transformer is a full-bridge circuit; Adopt phase-shift control mode, can convert to the transformer primary current, realize the afterflow function of the leading-bridge inverse parallel diode of prime full-bridge circuit through the electric current of coupling inductance; And then realize the no-voltage shutoff, promptly coupling inductance realizes soft switching function; During the lagging leg afterflow, reduce time of afterflow fast to reduce duty-cycle loss in this interval, make coupling inductance reduce duty-cycle loss through inductance coupling high.
Said DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge adopts voltage doubling rectifing circuit to improve step-up ratio; The output of DC/DC level is through the power frequency half-sinusoid voltage of SPWM modulation; The DC/AC inverter bridge only need be overturn through power frequency inverter bridge offset of sinusoidal half-wave voltage and got final product the output AC electricity (because the DC/AC inverter bridge is operated in power frequency; It controls simple and switching loss can be ignored, and therefore can improve the efficient of integral transformation device).
The good effect that the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance is:
(1) through increasing coupling inductance, reduced the duty-cycle loss phenomenon, compared with traditional method that overcomes duty-cycle loss, need not increase auxiliary circuit, need not to add control circuit, reduced circuit complexity, increased stability, structure is compact more;
(2) coupling inductance is accomplished filter function, constitutes two LC filter circuits with voltage multiplying rectifier electric capacity, makes coupling inductance and voltage multiplying rectifier electric capacity can both accomplish two or more functions, and whole converter can be saved more devices;
(3) adopt phase-shifting control method at the prime full-bridge circuit, coupling inductance can realize that the no-voltage of leading-bridge switching tube is open-minded, has reduced switching loss, has improved efficient;
(4) converter prime DC/DC adopts the half-sinusoid modulation, and the back level only needs to constitute complete sinusoidal waveform with regard to sinusoidal half-wave upset, and the switching loss of back level is low, and control is simple;
(5) converter is whole only needs to increase a coupling inductance, simple in structure, cost is low, efficient is high, realization is easy, can be applicable in the photovoltaic system, also can be applicable in other new energy resources system.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the sketch map that the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance;
Accompanying drawing 2 is core structure sketch mapes of coupling inductance;
Accompanying drawing 3 is magnetic circuit figure of the core structure of coupling inductance;
Accompanying drawing 4 is high-frequency work oscillograms of DC/DC level;
Accompanying drawing 5 be switch mode 1 (
t 0,
t 1) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 6 be switch mode 2 (
t 1,
t 2) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 7 be switch mode 3 (
t 2,
t 3) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 8 be switch mode 4 (
t 3,
t 4) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 9 be switch mode 5 (
t 4,
t 5) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 10 be switch mode 6 (
t 5,
t 6) schematic equivalent circuit;
Accompanying drawing 11 is half-sinusoid phase shift modulation sketch mapes;
Accompanying drawing 12 is DC/AC level power frequency work wave sketch mapes;
Accompanying drawing 13 is the primary current waveform sketch mapes before the coupling;
Accompanying drawing 14 is the primary current waveform sketch mapes after the coupling.
Label among the figure is respectively;
1, solar panel; 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit; 3, photovoltaic converter; 4, DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge; 5, DC/AC inverter bridge; 6, load; 7, storage battery.
Embodiment
Continue the embodiment that introduction the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, still, enforcement of the present invention is not limited to following execution mode.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1.A kind of modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance; The photovoltaic converter 3, load 6 and the storage battery 7 that contain solar panel 1, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit 2, constitute by DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge 4 and DC/AC inverter bridge 5; Said solar cell 1 plate possesses the energy storage link; Accumulators 7 chargings are boosted and inversion through photovoltaic converter 3 again behind MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit 2, and final output AC electricity is given load 6.Feature structure of the present invention is the part from the 43-53VDC of storage battery 7 to load 6 end 220VAC.Among Fig. 1:
V In The expression solar panel is through the voltage of storage battery output;
Switching tube
S 1-4With
Q 1-4Be the perfect switch pipe, wherein
D 1-4With
C 1-4For
S 1-4Parasitic diode and electric capacity;
Transformer is an ideal transformer,
nBe the turn ratio, and
V P /
V S =
i S /
i P =
n, wherein
V P With
V S Be former secondary voltage,
i P With
i S Be former secondary current;
Inductance
L f1
With
L f2
On a magnetic core is coupling inductance,
V Lf1
With
V Lf2
Be respectively
L f1
With
L f2
Last voltage;
Diode
D r1-2
And electric capacity
C r1-2
Constitute voltage doubling rectifing circuit, electric capacity
C r1-2
Last voltage does
V Cr1-2
, the voltage multiplying rectifier output voltage does
V DC , and
V DC =
V Cr1
+
V Cr2
, and then reach the effect of multiplication of voltage, and
C r1
=
C r2
,
V Cr1
=
V Cr2
=
V DC / 2;
Output AC voltage does
V o
Coupling inductance is placed the voltage multiplying rectifier side of the DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge 4 of photovoltaic converter 3, and with two inductance coupling high, coupling coefficient can require adjust according to electric property in the voltage multiplying rectifier diode branch; The inductance of coupling constitutes two LC filter circuits with the two capacitive branch of voltage multiplying rectifier thereafter, and used electric capacity also has filter function except that the multiplication of voltage function; The prime of said transformer is a full-bridge circuit; Adopt phase-shift control mode, can convert to the transformer primary current, realize the afterflow function of the leading-bridge inverse parallel diode of prime full-bridge circuit through the electric current of coupling inductance; And then realize the no-voltage shutoff, promptly coupling inductance realizes soft switching function; During the lagging leg afterflow, reduce time of afterflow fast to reduce duty-cycle loss in this interval, make coupling inductance reduce duty-cycle loss through inductance coupling high.
In the enforcement; Described DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge 4 adopts voltage doubling rectifing circuit to improve step-up ratio; The output of DC/DC level is through the power frequency half-sinusoid voltage of SPWM modulation, and DC/AC inverter bridge 5 utmost points only need to overturn through power frequency inverter bridge offset of sinusoidal half-wave voltage can output AC.Because DC/AC inverter bridge 5 is operated in power frequency, it controls simple and switching loss can be ignored, and therefore, the whole efficiency of converter can be improved.
The preparation process of above-mentioned modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance can be (along to introduce accompanying drawing 2-14, so that the present invention is done further introduction):
Modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance
(1) the coupled arrangement structure of coupling inductance
See the core structure sketch map of Fig. 2-coupling inductance, inductance
L f1
With
L f2
On two lateral columns of EI magnetic core,
,
With
For about the magnetic resistance of two magnetic posts and center pillar,
N Lf1
With
N Lf2
Be inductance
L f1
With
L f2
The number of turn,
φ Lf1
With
φ Lf2
Be inductance
L f1
With
L f2
The magnetic flux that winding produces, and
φ Lf1
With
φ Lf2
Be to strengthen each other, see the magnetic circuit figure of the core structure of Fig. 3-coupling inductance,
φ Lf1
With
φ Lf2
Can be expressed as:
Coupling inductance voltage
V Lf1
With
V Lf2
Can be expressed as:
With formula (1) substitution formula (2), can obtain the expression formula of coupling inductance:
(3)，
Wherein,
MBe mutual inductance;
Can be through the air gap of adjustment center pillar, i.e. the size of mutual inductance is adjusted in adjusting
.
(2) under the phase-shift control mode coupling inductance to the effect setting of full-bridge switch mode and adjustment (along and interpretation principle)
See the high-frequency work oscillogram of Fig. 4-DC/DC level, among the figure,
V S1-4,
GS Be switching tube
S 1-4Drive signal,
T=
t 5-
t 0,
TBe half work period,
D Shift T=
t 1-
t 0,
D Shift Be the half-sinusoid modulation duty cycle.In each cycle, have 6 switch mode based on the DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit of coupling inductance, Fig. 5-10 has provided the equivalent circuit diagram of each switch mode, and the expression formula (3) according to coupling inductance can be provided with following operation mode:
1. switch mode 1 (
t 0,
t 1) (see figure 5).From
t 0Arrive
t 1,
S 1With
S 4Open-minded simultaneously, the transformer original edge voltage does
V In , secondary voltage does
V In /
n D r1
Conducting, secondary inductance
L f1
The beginning energy storage, inductive current
i Lf1
(
t) give
C r1
Charging,
D r2
End,
i Lf2
(
t)=0,
i Lf1
(
t)=
i S (
t).Coupling inductance
L f1
Last voltage
V Lf1
Can be expressed as:
Cause
i Lf2
(
t)=0 is according to formula (5) primary current
i P (
t) can get:
2. switch mode 2 (
t 1,
t 2) (see figure 6).
t 1Constantly,
S 1Turn-off,
S 4It is still open-minded,
i P (
t) pass through
D 3With
C 3Carry out afterflow, because
C 3Capacitance is less, and discharge is very fast, and finally this mode is passed through
D 3Afterflow, therefore
t 1Arrive
t 2Open-minded during this time
S 3, can realize
S 3No-voltage open-minded.Because
D 3Conducting, the transformer original edge voltage by clamped be zero, and then secondary voltage is zero.Inductive current
i Lf1
(
t) afterflow,
D r1
Conducting,
i Lf1
(
t) give
C r1
Energising,
D r2
End,
i Lf2
(
t)=0.Coupling inductance
L f1
Last voltage
V Lf1
And primary current
i P (
t) can be expressed as:
3. switch mode 3 (
t 2,
t 3) (see figure 7).
t 2Constantly,
S 4Turn-off primary current
i P (
t) by switching tube
S 2The inverse parallel diode
D 2, and
S 3The inverse parallel diode
D 3Constitute the closed-loop path.Therefore, no matter whether this section period is interior open-minded
S 2, the electric current warp
S 2With
S 3The reverse flow of inverse parallel diode form the closed-loop path through power supply, so the output current of power supply can't pass through
S 2With
S 3Transmit energy to the load forward, cause duty-cycle loss.Because of primary current through the diode reverse flow through power supply, so original edge voltage be-
V In , secondary voltage is-
V In /
n,
D r1
Cause
i Lf1
(
t) the afterflow conducting,
D r2
Because of the conducting of transformer secondary voltage polarity upset.Coupling inductance
L f1
With
L f2
Last voltage and current, and primary current
i P (
t) can be expressed as:
4. switch mode 4 (
t 3,
t 4) (see figure 8).
t 3Constantly,
i Lf1
(
t)=
i Lf2
(
t),
i P (
t) drop to zero,
i Lf1
(
t) and
i Lf2
(
t) continue afterflow and give
C r1
With
C r2
Charging, and
V Lf1
+
V Lf2
=
V Cr1
+
V Cr2
=
V DC The coupling inductance voltage and current can be expressed as:
5. switch mode 5 (
t 4,
t 5) (see figure 9).From
t 4Rise constantly,
i Lf1
(
t) and
i Lf2
(
t) dropping to zero, inductive energy storage discharges and finishes.
6. switch mode 6 (
t 5,
t 6) (see figure 10).From
t 5Constantly begin, in second cycle, the work of switch mode 6 is similar with the analysis of switch mode 1.
(3) inverter bridge control mode
The high-frequency work oscillogram of DC/DC level shown in Figure 4 has only provided the interval work wave of some phase shifts.For making voltage multiplying rectifier side output half-sinusoid, duty ratio
D Shift Modulate according to the half-sinusoid rule, promptly the mode through phase shift makes
S 1With
S 4And
S 2With
S 3The coincidence interval change according to the half-sinusoid rule, see shown in Figure 11-half-sinusoid phase shift modulation sketch map.Finally,
D Shift Through half-sinusoid SPWM phase shift modulation, make two capacitance voltages of voltage multiplying rectifier side
V Cr1
With
V Cr2
Be half-sinusoid, because
V DC =
V Cr1
+
V Cr2
, then
V DC Be the half-sinusoid multiplication of voltage.
The power frequency half-wave sinusoidal voltage of DC/DC level output
V DC Through the power frequency inverter bridge
Q 1-4Produce alternating current
V o , shown in Figure 12-DC/AC level power frequency work wave sketch map, that is:
Because inverter bridge is operated in power frequency, and switches at zero crossing, its switching loss can be ignored, and its control mode is simple and reliable, and it is low to control cost.
(4) coupling inductance is to the effect setting and the adjustment (along reaching interpretation principle) of converter electric property
In conjunction with the analysis of switch mode, can make a concrete analysis of the influence of coupling inductance to electric property.Inductance
L f1
Between charge period, power supply is to load transfer energy, inductance
L f1
Last voltage expression formula is:
This section period, what inductance was mainly accomplished is filter function.Because in this period
i Lf2
(
t)=0, and then
Mdi Lf2 / dt=0, mutual inductance
MTo inductance
L f1
Last current change quantity does not exert an influence, and self-induction remains the self-induction before the coupling
L f1
, promptly do not influence filter effect after the coupling.
At inductance
L f1
Between the discharge afterflow period, power supply is not to the load transfer energy, and through the conversion of the former secondary of transformer, the inverse parallel diode continuousing flow of former limit leading-bridge switching tube can realize that no-voltage is open-minded.
After leading-bridge switch tube zero voltage is opened, inductance
L f1
Continue the discharge afterflow, then, can cause the duty-cycle loss phenomenon through the inverse parallel diode continuousing flow of lagging leg switching tube; Promptly open the lagging leg switching tube this moment; Power supply can't forward to load transfer, the essential afterflow process that waits finishes, so duty-cycle loss will directly cause wave distortion.For reducing the wave distortion that duty-cycle loss caused; Before the lagging leg switching tube is opened; Electric current in its inverse parallel diode discharges and finishes, and promptly primary current drops to zero, thereby guarantees as long as the lagging leg switching tube is open-minded; Power supply to the load transfer energy, is accomplished the half-sinusoid modulating action with regard to forward.For analyzing the mechanism that coupling inductance reduces duty-cycle loss, provide the preceding primary current expression formula of inductance coupling high earlier:
Primary current expression formula after the inductance coupling high is:
Coupling inductance of the present invention can lagging leg after switching tube opens, and through the introducing of mutual inductance, reduces the equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal, thereby primary current is descended fast, and then eliminate the duty-cycle loss phenomenon, sees Figure 13, shown in 14.Can know the inductance before the coupling through current expression (5) before contrast equation (4) and the coupling
L f1
With
L f2
After coupling its equivalent inductance become in the denominator of formula (5) equality right side (
L f1
L f2
–
M 2)/(
L f2
+
M) and (
L f1
L f2
–
M 2)/(
L f1
+
M).Because mutual inductance
MIntroducing,
L f1
L f2
–
M 2Diminish, and then the minimizing of equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal, make
i P (
t) descend fast, thereby reduce duty-cycle loss.If be coupled as tightly coupled words between inductance; Promptly when
, the equivalent electric sensibility reciprocal can be zero in theory.
To sum up, in enforcement of the present invention, coupling inductance mainly contains three functions: the one, keep the preceding filter effect of coupling; The 2nd, realize the soft switch of leading-bridge, promptly no-voltage is open-minded; The 3rd, reduce lagging leg duty-cycle loss phenomenon.
And the characteristics that the present invention is based on the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter of coupling inductance also can reduce:
At first, reduce duty-cycle loss, in DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit, cause during the former limit circulating current of duty ratio disappearance; Through the coupling between coupling inductance; Be the introducing of mutual inductance, the inductance value during the reduction circulation is subdued the circulating current that causes duty-cycle loss; And then the minimizing duty-cycle loss, reduce because the output waveform distortion that duty-cycle loss caused.Secondly; Guarantee filter quality, eliminating because in the output waveform distortion that duty-cycle loss caused, coupling inductance only reduces inductance value during the circulation that causes duty ratio to disappear; And the inductance value before other operation mode still keeps being coupled, thereby guarantee filter effect.At last, realize the soft switch of DC/DC level phase whole-bridging circuit,, make the inverse parallel diode continuousing flow of switching tube, realize leading arm ZVT through the mode of phase shift.
The above is merely preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance; Contain solar panel, MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, contain photovoltaic converter, load and the storage battery of DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge and DC/AC inverter bridge; Said solar panel possesses the energy storage link; Behind the MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit, charge a battery, boost and inversion through photovoltaic converter, final output AC electricity is given load; It is characterized in that, coupling inductance is placed the voltage multiplying rectifier side of the DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge of photovoltaic converter, and in the voltage multiplying rectifier diode branch with two inductance coupling high, coupling coefficient can require adjust according to electric property; The inductance of coupling constitutes two LC filter circuits with the two capacitive branch of voltage multiplying rectifier thereafter, and used electric capacity also has filter function except that the multiplication of voltage function; The prime of said transformer is a full-bridge circuit; Adopt phase-shift control mode, can convert to the transformer primary current, realize the afterflow function of the leading-bridge inverse parallel diode of prime full-bridge circuit through the electric current of coupling inductance; And then realize the no-voltage shutoff, promptly coupling inductance realizes soft switching function; During the lagging leg afterflow, reduce time of afterflow fast to reduce duty-cycle loss in this interval, make coupling inductance reduce duty-cycle loss through inductance coupling high.
2. the modular type photovoltaic electric power electronic converter based on coupling inductance according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said DC/DC phase-shifting full-bridge adopts voltage doubling rectifing circuit to improve step-up ratio; The output of DC/DC level is through the power frequency half-sinusoid voltage of SPWM modulation, and the DC/AC inverter bridge only needs to overturn through power frequency inverter bridge offset of sinusoidal half-wave voltage can output AC.
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