A kind of superconducting power device is used the High-Voltage Insulation current feed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of current feed of superconducting power device, particularly low temperature, High-Voltage Insulation current feed.
Background technology
The superconducting power technology is the novel electric power technology that the physical characteristic of utilizing the without hindrance high density current capacity of superconductor and the superconducting state of superconductor-normal state to change grows up, the fail safe that can improve the quality of electric energy, the stability that improves power system operation and reliability, reduction electric pressure, improves electrical network; The transmission capacity that can improve single-machine capacity and electrical network greatly also reduces the loss of electrical network greatly; The quality of power supply of regenerative resource be can improve greatly, and itself and big electrical network effective connection made.
In the last few years, the exploitation of superconducting power Study on Technology had obtained major progress, and superconducting power devices such as superconductive current limiter, superconducting transformer, superconductive energy storage system have got into the demonstration operation phase.All superconducting power devices all are to operate under certain low temperature environment; The most general technology is to be assemblied in core components such as superconducting coil in the good low-temperature (low temperature) vessel of heat-insulating property; Inject low-temperature (low temperature) vessel to cold-producing mediums such as liquid nitrogen or liquid heliums and do not have devices such as superconducting coil, also have only a few to utilize heat conducting method to cool off with refrigeration machine.
No matter adopt which kind of cooling means, the current feed of superconducting devices such as superconducting coil all will carry out the transition to-196 ℃ or lower low temperature environment from room temperature.Superconducting device in the past; High-intensity magnetic field superconducting coil of using like therapeutic medical nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR), scientific experiment etc.; All be to be operated under direct current, the stable situation; Voltage between lead-in wire and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and the lead-in wire has only and severally lies prostrate tens volts, reduces by room temperature to the heat conduction of low temperature so main current feed technology all concentrates on.And the current feed of the related superconducting device of the superconducting power that latest developments are got up technology, except considering heat conduction, what want most is the high-voltage insulation issue of current feed.Because superconducting device nearly all is operated under the high-voltage state, the High-Voltage Insulation level between lead-in wire and the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel (usually low-temperature (low temperature) vessel ground connection), between going between not only is related to the stable operation of equipment, more concerns installation, operations staff's personal safety.And current feed carries out the transition to-196 ℃ from room temperature, and not only temperature is low but also the temperature difference is big, and conventional insulation technology is difficult to meet the demands.Current feed generally adopts the red copper material that resistivity is little, conduct electricity very well, and the heat conductivity of copper is good, and it is big to add the temperature difference, and the lead-in wire that exposes outside low-temperature (low temperature) vessel is very easily tied water or frost, and this high-voltage insulation technique to lead-in wire is had higher requirement.At present still not reliably, mature technique does not solve or overcome the problems referred to above.
Current feed under the pulse high-voltage situation also has research (IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity; Vol.10; No.1,2000, pp1477); Mainly use the GAS-COOLED CURRENT LEAD under the liquid helium cooling condition, what technological emphasis solved is to be engaged in the leakage heat problem of temperature to the liquid helium warm area; What relevant High-Voltage Insulation was adopted is that technical scheme is at very big stainless steel tube of diameter of current feed overcoat, in fill flowing nitrogen, adopt the nitrogen spacer insulator.This pin configuration is complicated, and adopts the flowing nitrogen insulation, and insulation level receives the influence of nitrogen temperature, mobility status very big, and the High-Voltage Insulation ability is unstable; Because venthole arranged, very easily freeze, water or dew, the insulation of current feed there is fatal destruction.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome defectives such as complex structure that prior art exists, insulating capacity instability, propose a kind of low temperature High-Voltage Insulation thread guide devices, the present invention can be widely used in room temperature in the excessive high voltage superconducting power device of low temperature.
High-Voltage Insulation current feed of the present invention is mainly by red copper conductor, insulating sleeve, wiring nose, insulator, sealing O circle, and parts such as low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange are formed.
Described red copper conductor is the red copper bar of an even thickness, an end of red copper conductor, and promptly low-temperature end is inserted in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and the end of described low-temperature end is prefabricated into binding post; The other end of red copper conductor, promptly indoor temperature end stretches out outside the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel; Filled with liquid nitrogen or liquid helium in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.The length of red copper conductor is l.Described insulating sleeve selects for use frp pipe or G10 tubing to make, the insulating sleeve length l ' and than the short 3~7cm of the length l of red copper conductor.Insulating sleeve is sleeved on outside the red copper conductor, and the external diameter of the internal diameter of insulating sleeve and red copper conductor closely cooperates, and makes the indoor temperature end of red copper conductor outside low-temperature (low temperature) vessel expose the about 2~5cm of insulating sleeve.The indoor temperature end of wiring nose and red copper conductor exposes the end crimping of insulating sleeve part, forms the insulator pin main body jointly.
It is l that the medium position of insulating sleeve has length
2Screw thread.It is l that the indoor temperature end of insulating sleeve has length
1Hermetic terminal, l
1Be not less than 30cm, this hermetic terminal is used for being connected with the conventional electric power Seal of Cables, and the hermetic terminal external diameter is not more than the minimum diameter of insulating sleeve threaded portion.According to the electrical insulation characteristics of the rated voltage and the insulating sleeve material of superconducting device, the pipe thickness t of hermetic terminal satisfies following formula:
t=5+kU/u (1)
T is the pipe thickness of hermetic terminal in the formula, and unit is mm; U is the rated voltage of superconducting device, the kV of unit; U is the puncture voltage of the every mm thickness of insulating sleeve material, and unit is kV; K is under the different electric pressures, the ratio of U and one minute industrial frequency withstand voltage.
The low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange is the cover plate of sealing low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and separates low-temperature (low temperature) vessel and room temperature space.The accessory of insulation current of the present invention lead-in wire mainly comprises insulator, sealing O circle and nut, and insulator, sealing O circle and nut are mainly used in the sealing, waterproof of insulation current lead-in wire and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange, fixing and reinforced insulation etc.Sealing O circle and insulator are fixed on the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange through nut; Their relative position relation is following: lower nut is positioned at the bottommost of insulating sleeve middle part screw thread; Lower seal O circle above lower nut, the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange above lower seal O circle, the top of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange be successively middle sealing O circle, insulator, on seal that O encloses, top nut; And it is screw, and coaxial with the insulator pin main body.Lower nut and top nut are fixed on all accessories on the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange vertically.The vertical range of the indoor temperature end of insulating sleeve and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange is not less than 60cm.The low-temperature end of insulation current lead-in wire places in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and the low-temperature end termination of insulation current lead-in wire is below the liquid level of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium, so that being connected and cooling off the red copper conductor of lead-in wire and superconducting device.
Owing to the reduction along with temperature of the resistance of red copper reduces, when-196 ℃ liquid nitrogen temperatures are merely room temperature 1/8.In order to reduce the heat conduction of current feed from the room temperature to low temperature; The part of red copper conductor below the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange also can be for variable cross-section; The influence of Joule heat when considering galvanization simultaneously, the cross section of red copper conductor low-temperature end may be selected to be 1/4~1/2 of its indoor temperature end cross section.The internal orifice dimension of insulating sleeve and red copper conductor closely cooperate, and other structures of insulator pin are all constant.
The present invention is through special construction and the annex and the demand that has satisfied cooperating of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel from room temperature to the low temperature environment high-temperature gradient of insulator pin; Also effectively reduce the heat conduction from the room temperature to the low temperature environment, the more important thing is an effective high-voltage insulation technique difficult problem that has solved current feed through red copper conductor variable section structure.The present invention can be widely used on the superconduct devices such as superconductive current limiter, energy storage, transformer.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 low temperature High-Voltage Insulation lead-in wire sketch map, Fig. 1 a is a low temperature High-Voltage Insulation lead member structure chart, Fig. 1 b is assembling back low temperature High-Voltage Insulation lead-in wire sketch map; Among the figure: 1 red copper conductor, 2 prefabricated binding posts, 3 insulating sleeves; 4 screw threads, 5 hermetic terminals, 6 wiring noses; 7 insulator pin main bodys, the length of l red copper conductor 1, l
2The length of screw thread 4, l
1The length of hermetic terminal 5, the indoor temperature end of A red copper conductor 1, the low-temperature end of B red copper conductor 1, the indoor temperature end of C insulating sleeve 3, the low-temperature end of D insulating sleeve 3, the indoor temperature end of E insulator pin main body 7, the low-temperature end of F insulator pin main body 7;
The assembling position of Fig. 2 low temperature High-Voltage Insulation lead-in wire and annex thereof concerns sketch map, among the figure: 8 lower nuts, 9 lower seal O circle, sealing O circle in 10,11 insulators, sealing O circle on 12,13 top nuts;
Low temperature High-Voltage Insulation lead-in wire and annex sketch map thereof after Fig. 3 assembling are among the figure: 14 low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flanges, l
3Insulator pin 7 outdoor section length;
Fig. 4 variable cross-section red copper conductor sketch map is among the figure: 15 variable cross-section red copper conductors, the indoor temperature end of A ' variable cross-section red copper conductor 15, the low-temperature end of B ' variable cross-section red copper conductor.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
Low temperature High-Voltage Insulation of the present invention lead-in wire mainly by: red copper conductor 1, insulating sleeve 3, wiring nose 6, insulator 11, lower seal O circle 9, middle sealing O circle 10, on seal O enclose 12 and parts such as low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 form.
Shown in Fig. 1 a, red copper conductor 1 is the red copper bar of an even thickness, and the low-temperature end B of red copper conductor 1 inserts in the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel, and the end of the low-temperature end B of red copper conductor 1 has prefabricated binding post 2, and the length of red copper conductor 1 is l.Insulating sleeve 3 is selected the material that has the good electrical insulation property, has the favorable mechanical performance at low temperatures for use, selects frp pipe usually for use.The length l of insulating sleeve 3 ' than the short 3~7cm of the length l of red copper conductor 1.The external diameter of the internal diameter of insulating sleeve 3 and red copper conductor 1 closely cooperates; The indoor temperature end A of red copper conductor 1 inserts in the insulating sleeve 3 from the indoor temperature end C of insulating sleeve 3; And the indoor temperature end A of red copper conductor 1 exposed the about 2~5cm of indoor temperature end C of insulating sleeve 3; Wiring nose 6 that red copper is made and the end crimping that the indoor temperature end A of red copper conductor 1 exposes insulating sleeve 3 parts are formed the insulator pin main body 7 shown in Fig. 1 b.
It is l that the medium position of insulating sleeve 3 has length
2Screw thread 4, be used for accessories such as insulator pin main body 7 and insulator 11, sealing O circle, nut are fixed on low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14; The indoor temperature end C of insulating sleeve 3 is that length is l
1Hermetic terminal 5, l
1Length be not less than 30cm, hermetic terminal 5 is used for insulation current lead-in wire main body 7 and is connected with the conventional electric power Seal of Cables.The external diameter of hermetic terminal 5 is not more than the minimum diameter of screw thread 4 bottoms of thread.According to the electrical insulation characteristics of the rated voltage and the insulating sleeve material of superconducting device, the pipe thickness t of hermetic terminal 5 satisfies described formula (1).
As shown in Figure 2; The accessory of insulator pin main body 7 mainly comprise lower nut 8, lower seal O circle 9, middle sealing O circle 10, insulator 11, on seal O circle 12, top nut 13 etc., described accessory be mainly used in insulator pin main body 7 and low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 sealing, waterproof, fix and reinforced insulation etc.Screw thread 4 length l on the insulating sleeve
2Be not less than the axial length sum of all accessories.As shown in Figure 2; Position between the accessory concerns as follows: lower nut 8 is at the bottommost of insulating sleeve 3 middle part screw threads 4; Lower seal O circle 9 is above lower nut 8; Low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 above sealing O circle 9, the top of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 be successively middle sealing O circle 10, insulator 11, on seal O and enclose and top nut 13.As shown in Figure 3, low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 is cover plates of sealing low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Insulator pin main body 7 is passed the hole on the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14, and lower nut 8 is fixed on insulator pin main body 7 and accessory on the low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 with top nut 13.The indoor temperature end C of insulating sleeve 3 and the vertical range of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange 14 be less than 60cm, below the liquid level of the low-temperature end F of insulator pin main body 7 liquid nitrogen or liquid helium in low-temperature (low temperature) vessel.Low temperature High-Voltage Insulation thread guide devices after the assembling is as shown in Figure 3.
Owing to the reduction along with temperature of the resistance of red copper reduces, when-196 ℃ liquid nitrogen temperatures are merely room temperature 1/8.In order to reduce the heat conduction of main body 7 from the room temperature to low temperature that goes between, what red copper conductor 1 can be for variable cross-section in the part of low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange below 14.The influence of Joule heat when considering galvanization simultaneously, red copper conductor are adopted the variable cross-section frustum cone structure from low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange position to its low-temperature end, and the cross section of the low-temperature end of red copper conductor is 1/4~1/2 of its indoor temperature end cross section.As shown in Figure 4, one section of variable cross-section red copper conductor 15 ' from low-temperature (low temperature) vessel flange position to its low-temperature end B ' is adopted the variable cross-section frustum cone structure.The internal orifice dimension of insulating sleeve 3 is similar with the variable section structure of variable cross-section red copper conductor 15, and the internal orifice dimension of insulating sleeve 3 is than the big 0.2~0.5mm of external diameter of variable cross-section red copper conductor 15, and the two closely cooperates, and other structures of low temperature High-Voltage Insulation thread guide devices are all constant.