CN102566645B - Maximum power control method of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter - Google Patents
Maximum power control method of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter Download PDFInfo
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- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a maximum power control method of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. The method comprises starting the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; detecting initial direct current bus voltage (hereinafter referred to as terminal voltage or voltage) U0 of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter; setting a voltage increase step deltaU, increasing one voltage increase step deltaU from the initial terminal voltage U0 for each time, and detecting direct current power (hereinafter referred to as power) P of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, wherein the power P is the function of the terminal voltage U, P=f(U); determining single-peak interval [Ua, Ub] of the terminal voltage based on extrapolated iteration, power P having only one peak value in the single-peak interval [Ua, Ub]; setting a power accuracy epsilon; determining an optimal terminal voltage U* with a peak power P in the single-peak interval [Ua, Ub] based on golden section iteration; and controlling the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter to work under the optimal terminal voltage U*. The method has the advantages of high response speed, high accuracy and high stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar photovoltaic technology field, more particularly, relate to a kind of maximum power control method of the photovoltaic combining inverter that is applied to photovoltaic generation.
Background technology
Day by day serious along with world energy sources shortage and problem of environmental pollution, the energy and environment become the great basic problem that the 21st century mankind face, the development of clean regenerative resource and apply the extensive concern that is more and more subject to countries in the world.Nearly two, over 30 years, photovoltaic (Photovoltaic, PV) generation technology has obtained lasting development, parallel network power generation has become one of major way utilizing sun power.Carry out the research of solar photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting inversion system, for alleviating the energy and environmental problem, study high-performance distributed electricity generation system, open up the advanced technology of wide photovoltaic generation market and grasp association area, there is great theory and realistic meaning.
In the control of photovoltaic parallel in system, power ring control is its key.Power ring control is controlled and is interosculated with MPPT maximum power point tracking (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT) again, need to take into account response speed, MPPT maximum power point tracking precision and busbar voltage stability simultaneously.Existing algorithm is optimized, and making it to meet above-mentioned requirements is one of key improving system effectiveness.
Application number is CN200710098911.2, the patented claim that is entitled as " a kind of method of tracing maximum power point of solar photovoltaic battery " has disclosed a kind of method of tracing maximum power point of solar photovoltaic battery, adopt the maximum power point of the line tracking solar cell of a certain slope, computing is very easy, but need to calculate the given voltage of battery under different intensity of sunshines, change very fast time response at intensity of sunshine slower, the efficiency of maximal power tracing is low.
Application number is CN200610012144.4, the patented claim that is entitled as " the maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracing of dP/dV-I near-linear " has disclosed a kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic power generation system tracing of dP/dV-I near-linear, rate of change and the photovoltaic array load current I linear approximate relationship of output power P based on photovoltaic array to its output voltage V, realize maximum power output by regulating photovoltaic array output current real-time follow-up reference current, but because reference current adopts linear change, governing speed is slower.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of method that can control the power of photovoltaic combining inverter.
According to one embodiment of the invention, disclose a kind of maximum power control method of photovoltaic combining inverter, comprise following step:
Open photovoltaic combining inverter;
Detect initial DC bus-bar voltage (being later called for short terminal voltage or the voltage) U0 of photovoltaic combining inverter;
Setting voltage increases step delta U, taking initial end voltage U 0 as initial, increase a voltage at every turn and increase step delta U, detect DC power (being later the called for short power) P of photovoltaic combining inverter, wherein power P is the function of terminal voltage U, P=f (U);
The unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of determining terminal voltage based on extrapolation iteration, in this unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], internal power P only has a peak value;
Setting power degree of accuracy ε;
Determine the optimum terminal voltage U with peak power P in [Ua, Ub] in unimodal interval based on golden section iteration
*;
Control photovoltaic combining inverter with optimum terminal voltage U
*work.
In unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], at Ua to U
*voltage reference terminal in, power P monotone increasing, at U
*to the voltage reference terminal of Ub, power P is dull to decline.
In one embodiment, the method also comprises:
Setting voltage fluctuation threshold value, as optimum terminal voltage U
*fluctuation while exceeding voltage fluctuation threshold value, reset initial end voltage U 0 and determine new optimum terminal voltage U
*.
Wherein, the power degree of accuracy ε > 0 of setting, Ua < Ub in unimodal interval [Ua, Ub]; Determine the optimum terminal voltage U with peak power P in [Ua, Ub] in unimodal interval based on golden section iteration
*comprise:
Step a1, gets U2=Ua+0.618 (Ub-Ua), and rated output P2=f (U2), forwards step a2 to;
Step a2, gets U1=Ua+0.382 (Ub-Ua), and rated output P1=f (U1), forwards step a3 to;
Step a3, if | Ub-Ua|≤ε, gets U
*=(Ua+Ub)/2, output U
*; Otherwise forward step a4 to;
Step a4, if P1 > is P2, gets Ub=U2, U2=U1, P2=P1, gets back to step a2; If P1=P2, gets Ua=U1, Ub=U2, forward step a1 to; If P1 < is P2, Ua=U1, U1=U2, P1=P2, forwards step a5 to;
Step a5, gets U2=Ua+0.618 (Ub-Ua), and P2=f (U2), forwards step a3 to.
The voltage of setting increases step delta U > 0; Determine that based on extrapolation iteration the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of terminal voltage comprises:
Step b1, calculates P0=f (U0);
Step b2, calculates U1=U0+ Δ U, calculates P1=f (U1), if P1 >=P0 forwards step b3 to, otherwise forwards step b5 to;
Step b3, gets Δ U '=2 Δ U, calculates U2=U1+ Δ U ', calculates P2=f (U2), if P1 >=P2, obtaining interval [U0, U2] is unimodal interval; If P1 < is P2, forward step b4 to;
Step b4, gets U0=U1, U1=U2, and P0=P1, P1=P2, forwards step b3 to;
Step b5, gets Δ U '=2 Δ U, and U2=U0-Δ U ' calculates P2, if P0 >=P2, obtaining interval [U2, U1] is unimodal interval; If P0 < is P2, forward step b6 to;
Step b6, gets U1=U0, U0=U2, and P1=P0, P0=P2, forwards step b5 to.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the maximum power control method of this photovoltaic combining inverter has fast response time, precision is high, stability is high advantage.
Brief description of the drawings
The above and other feature of the present invention, character and advantage are by by becoming more obvious below in conjunction with the description of drawings and Examples.Wherein:
Fig. 1 has disclosed according to the process flow diagram of the maximum power control method of the photovoltaic combining inverter of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 has disclosed the circuit structure of photovoltaic combining inverter.
Fig. 3 has disclosed the P-U family curve of solar cell.
Fig. 4 has disclosed the arithmetic logic of determining the unimodal interval of terminal voltage according to extrapolation iteration.
Fig. 5 has disclosed the curve synoptic diagram of determining optimum terminal voltage according to golden section iteration.
Fig. 6 has disclosed the arithmetic logic of determining optimum terminal voltage according to golden section iteration.
Embodiment
First with reference to shown in figure 2, Fig. 2 has disclosed the circuit structure of photovoltaic combining inverter.As shown in Figure 2, photovoltaic combining inverter comprises photovoltaic array 201, dc-link capacitance C, inverter bridge T1-T4, step-up transformer T and filter inductance L1 composition.The control strategy of photovoltaic combining inverter adopts two closed-loop controls, grid ac voltage sampling, and electric current is synchronous, and PWM modulation and four parts of driver element are as interior ring control; Power input sampling and MPPT, as outer shroud control, ensure that photovoltaic parallel in system is operated in maximum power point, realize maximum power stage.Interior ring control can adopt conventional SPWM modulation system, and outer shroud is power ring, is the core of system control.The present invention controls for this MPPT the maximum power control method that proposes a kind of photovoltaic combining inverter.
Shown in figure 1, disclose according to the process flow diagram of the maximum power control method of the photovoltaic combining inverter of one embodiment of the invention.The method comprises following step:
S101. open photovoltaic combining inverter.
S102. detect initial DC bus-bar voltage (being later called for short terminal voltage or the voltage) U0 of photovoltaic combining inverter.
S103. setting voltage increases step delta U, taking initial end voltage U 0 as initial, increase a voltage at every turn and increase step delta U, detect DC power (being later the called for short power) P of photovoltaic combining inverter, wherein power P is the function of terminal voltage U, P=f (U).
S104. the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of determining terminal voltage based on extrapolation iteration, in this unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], internal power P only has a peak value.
S105. setting power degree of accuracy ε.
S106. determine the optimum terminal voltage U with peak power P in [Ua, Ub] in unimodal interval based on golden section iteration
*.
S107. control photovoltaic combining inverter with optimum terminal voltage U
*work.
S108. setting voltage fluctuation threshold value, as optimum terminal voltage U
*fluctuation while exceeding voltage fluctuation threshold value, reset initial end voltage U 0 and determine new optimum terminal voltage U
*.
Under certain solar irradiation intensity and environment temperature, the output power P of solar panel is only relevant with terminal voltage U, i.e. P=f (U), and P is the upper unimodal function of U, and when U is in interval [0,1.0] upper value, P exists maximum value.Fig. 3 has disclosed the P-U family curve of solar cell.Disclose the feature of unimodal function.If P=f (U) is upper unimodal function on interval [Ua, Ub], means at [Ua, Ub] interior f (U) and have unique maximum point U
*, at U
*the left side, from Ua to U
*scope in f (U) strictly rise, and at U
*the right, at U
*strictly decline to f (U) in the scope of Ub.In unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], get U1, U2 at 2 if appointed, and U1 < U2, calculate the functional value f (U1) locating, f (U2) at 2.If f (U1) > f (U2), U
*∈ [Ua, U2]; If f (U1)≤f (U2), U
*∈ [U2, Ub].So, as long as determined the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of terminal voltage, just can determine the optimum terminal voltage U of corresponding power peak P
*.
According to the present invention, in step S104, by determine the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of terminal voltage based on extrapolation iteration, in this unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], internal power P only has a peak value.In unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], at Ua to U
*voltage reference terminal in, power P monotone increasing, at U
*to the voltage reference terminal of Ub, power P is dull to decline.
Shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 has disclosed the arithmetic logic of determining the unimodal interval of terminal voltage according to extrapolation iteration.Extrapolation iteration determines that the process in unimodal interval of terminal voltage is as follows: the voltage of first setting increases step delta U > 0.
Determine the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of terminal voltage based on extrapolation iteration according to following process:
Step b1, calculates P0=f (U0);
Step b2, calculates U1=U0+ Δ U, calculates P1=f (U1), if P1 >=P0 forwards step b3 to, otherwise forwards step b5 to;
Step b3, gets Δ U '=2 Δ U, calculates U2=U1+ Δ U ', calculates P2=f (U2), if P1 >=P2, obtaining interval [U0, U2] is unimodal interval; If P1 < is P2, forward step b4 to;
Step b4, gets U0=U1, U1=U2, and P0=P1, P1=P2, forwards step b3 to;
Step b5, gets Δ U '=2 Δ U, and U2=U0-Δ U ' calculates P2, if P0 >=P2, obtaining interval [U2, U1] is unimodal interval; If P0 < is P2, forward step b6 to;
Step b6, gets U1=U0, U0=U2, and P1=P0, P0=P2, forwards step b5 to.
After the unimodal interval obtaining [Ua, Ub], just can in this unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], determine optimum terminal voltage U
*.In the present invention, determine in unimodal interval the optimum terminal voltage U with peak power P in [Ua, Ub] based on golden section iteration at step S106
*.Fig. 5 has disclosed the curve synoptic diagram of determining optimum terminal voltage according to golden section iteration.As shown in Figure 5, as long as get U1, U2 at 2 in [Ua, Ub], and calculate P1=f (U1), P2=f (U2), by relatively just interval [Ua, Ub] being shortened to [Ua, U2] or [U1, Ub].Because comprise a point that had calculated functional value in new interval, so again from wherein getting a pilot, can will shorten once between this new district again.Constantly repeat this process, meet precision ε given in advance until final burst length shortens to.
In order to improve operation efficiency, need in the situation that ensureing same accuracy, make to calculate the least number of times of P=f (U) functional value, the Fibonacci method that the present invention adopts, each iteration is all decided to be 0.618 interval LVFS, so the pilot of each iteration is respectively:
U1＝Ua+0.382(Ub-Ua)；
U2＝Ua+0.618(Ub-Ua)。
For degree of accuracy ε > 0 given in advance, when the burst length retaining | when Ub-Ua|≤ε, stop iteration.Now between desirable reserved area [Ua, Ub] interior any point as the approximate value of maximum point.
Fig. 6 has disclosed the arithmetic logic of determining optimum terminal voltage according to golden section iteration.Determine the optimum terminal voltage U with peak power P in [Ua, Ub] in unimodal interval based on golden section iteration
*process as follows: the power degree of accuracy ε > 0 first setting, Ua < Ub in unimodal interval [Ua, Ub];
Step a1, gets U2=Ua+0.618 (Ub-Ua), and rated output P2=f (U2), forwards step a2 to;
Step a2, gets U1=Ua+0.382 (Ub-Ua), and rated output P1=f (U1), forwards step a3 to;
Step a3, if | Ub-Ua|≤ε, gets U
*=(Ua+Ub)/2, output U
*; Otherwise forward step a4 to;
Step a4, if P1 > is P2, gets Ub=U2, U2=U1, P2=P1, gets back to step a2; If P1=P2, gets Ua=U1, Ub=U2, forward step a1 to; If P1 < is P2, Ua=U1, U1=U2, P1=P2, forwards step a5 to;
Step a5, gets U2=Ua+0.618 (Ub-Ua), and P2=f (U2), forwards step a3 to.
Because above-mentioned setting is under certain solar irradiation intensity and environment temperature, and in actual conditions, because solar irradiation intensity and environment temperature may change, be optimum terminal voltage in order to ensure the real-time working state of photovoltaic combining inverter, the present invention monitors voltage fluctuation at step S108.When inverter is started working or detects that solar panel output power changes when exceeding threshold values, taking given initial point or current maximum power point as initial point, repeat above-mentioned step by again, obtain new optimum terminal voltage U
*.Particularly, comprise setting voltage fluctuation threshold value, as optimum terminal voltage U
*fluctuation while exceeding voltage fluctuation threshold value, reset initial end voltage U 0 and determine new optimum terminal voltage U
*.
The maximum power control method of photovoltaic combining inverter of the present invention has following advantage:
1) fast response time.Known by analyzing, to ensure same accuracy in the situation that Fibonacci method can make to calculate step number minimum.Even if therefore also can respond rapidly in the fast-changing occasion of intensity of sunshine.
2) precision is high.Because the step-length of Fibonacci method is doubly dwindled with 0.618 index, therefore can approach maximum power point with precision arbitrarily.
3) stability is high.The burst length of Fibonacci method is the convergent function of step number, and finally converges on 0, so there will not be oscillatory occurences.
Stating embodiment is available to and is familiar with person in the art and realizes or use of the present invention; those skilled in the art can be without departing from the present invention in the case of the inventive idea; above-described embodiment is made to various modifications or variation; thereby protection scope of the present invention do not limit by above-described embodiment, and it should be the maximum magnitude that meets the inventive features that claims mention.
Claims (4)
1. a maximum power control method for photovoltaic combining inverter, is characterized in that, comprising:
Open photovoltaic combining inverter;
Detect the initial end voltage U 0 of photovoltaic combining inverter;
Setting voltage increases step delta U, and Δ U>0, taking initial end voltage U 0 as initial, increases a voltage at every turn and increases step delta U, detects the power P of photovoltaic combining inverter, and wherein power P is the function of terminal voltage U, P=f (U);
Determine the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of terminal voltage based on extrapolation iteration, in this unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], internal power P only has a peak value, describedly determines that based on extrapolation iteration the unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] of terminal voltage comprises:
Step b1, calculates P0=f (U0);
Step b2, calculates U1=U0+ Δ U, calculates P1=f (U1), if P1 >=P0 forwards step b3 to, otherwise forwards step b5 to;
Step b3, gets Δ U '=2 Δ U, calculates U2=U1+ Δ U ', calculates P2=f (U2), if P1 >=P2, obtaining interval [U0, U2] is unimodal interval; If P1<P2, forwards step b4 to;
Step b4, gets U0=U1, U1=U2, and P0=P1, P1=P2, forwards step b3 to;
Step b5, gets Δ U '=2 Δ U, and U2=U0-Δ U ' calculates P2, if P0 >=P2, obtaining interval [U2, U1] is unimodal interval; If P0<P2, forwards step b6 to;
Step b6, gets U1=U0, U0=U2, and P1=P0, P0=P2, forwards step b5 to; Setting power degree of accuracy ε;
Determine the optimum terminal voltage U* with peak power P in [Ua, Ub] in unimodal interval based on golden section iteration;
Controlling photovoltaic combining inverter works with optimum terminal voltage U*.
2. the maximum power control method of photovoltaic combining inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
In unimodal interval [Ua, Ub], in the voltage reference terminal of Ua to U*, power P monotone increasing, in the voltage reference terminal of U* to Ub, power P is dull to decline.
3. the maximum power control method of photovoltaic combining inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises:
Setting voltage fluctuation threshold value, in the time that the fluctuation of optimum terminal voltage U* exceedes voltage fluctuation threshold value, resets initial end voltage U 0 and determines new optimum terminal voltage U*.
4. the maximum power control method of photovoltaic combining inverter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
The power degree of accuracy ε >0 setting, Ua<Ub in unimodal interval [Ua, Ub];
Describedly determine that based on golden section iteration the optimum terminal voltage U* with peak power P in unimodal interval [Ua, Ub] comprises:
Step a1, gets U2=Ua+0.618 (Ub-Ua), and rated output P2=f (U2), forwards step a2 to;
Step a2, gets U1=Ua+0.382 (Ub-Ua), and rated output P1=f (U1), forwards step a3 to;
Step a3, if | Ub-Ua|≤ε, gets U*=(Ua+Ub)/2, output U*; Otherwise forward step a4 to;
Step a4, if P1>P2 gets Ub=U2, U2=U1, P2=P1, gets back to step a2; If P1=P2, gets Ua=U1, Ub=U2, forward step a1 to; If P1<P2, Ua=U1, U1=U2, P1=P2, forwards step a5 to;
Step a5, gets U2=Ua+0.618 (Ub-Ua), and P2=f (U2), forwards step a3 to.
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| CN103236803B (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-04-08 | 深圳晶福源科技股份有限公司 | MPPT (maximum power point tracking) control method of photovoltaic inverter |
| CN103885522A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-06-25 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Maximum power tracking method based on direct-current bus voltage control |
| CN103955253B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-08-26 | 合肥工业大学 | Based on the photovoltaic array multimodal value maximum power point tracing method of power closed loop scanning |
| CN105974995A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-09-28 | 上海电机学院 | Maximum power point tracking system and method |
| CN109946996B (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2022-04-01 | 南通大学 | Simulation method of MPPT algorithm |
| FR3060229B1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2019-01-25 | Electricite De France | POWER CONTROL OF INVERTERS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION FOR PARTICIPATING IN THE FREQUENCY ADJUSTMENT OF THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK |
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