CN102566562A - Automatic test method for PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) program - Google Patents
Automatic test method for PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) program Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic test method for a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) program. The PLC program can not be put into normal operation until errors are eliminated through a great quantity of tests, and the conventional test method is low in efficiency. According to the test method provided by the invention, the to-be-tested PLC program is automatically tested according to the test data file aiming at the to-be-tested PLC program; a batch of test data can be tested at a time, so as to greatly improve the test efficiency; and during the test process, in case of a program error, the program is modified, and then the test data file can be continuously used to retest the program again until all the test data is passed. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of greatly improved test efficiency, boosted reliability of the PLC program and convenience in PLC teaching, and better satisfies the requirements of current work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method to the test of PLC Automatic Program, particularly use test data file is carried out automatic test method to the PLC program.
Background technology
PLC is the calculation element that uses in a kind of industry automatic control.It is widely used in industry-by-industries such as iron and steel, oil, chemical industry, electric power, building materials, machine-building, automobile, light textile, communications and transportation, space flight, environmental protection and entertainment, and the little family expenses equipment that arrives arrives the space flight equipment greatly, and the application of PLC is all arranged.
Typical PLC is by the CPU of a special use, and a storer and one group of IO port constitute.It receives the signal from sensor through input port, and sends the external unit that the control signal driving connects with it through output port.Lay the PLC control program in the storer, the activity of system is driven by the PLC control program.
After the PLC program development is come out, must be through a large amount of tests, could drop into commencement of commercial operation after the debug.The method of testing that adopts at present has following several kinds:
1) on-the-spot test.Directly be installed to the program that writes in the on-the-spot PLC machine, through on-the-spot operation test program correctness.Such as being installed to the PLC program of control elevator in the PLC machine in the elevator, through the button that operates an elevator, whether the operation of observing elevator meets the requirements.The link though this method is absolutely necessary, their elapsed times are very long, and the coverage rate of test is limited, and uses at school instruction also inconvenience.
2) off-line test.Operation PLC program in the PLC software simulator, the test man clicks the input signal that button screen produces PLC, and whether viewing lamp is luminous according to the order and the array mode of expection then.This mode need not used the machine of working site, and in time part is got rid of the mistake of PLC program.But the mode efficient of manual input signal one by one is very low, and test process can't be reused.Suppose that test process needs 1,000 test inputs, program debug is revised 20 times, just needs 20,000 test inputs so altogether.
3) manual test load button device.This device can directly connect with the PLC machine, and manual button is arranged on the device, and the PLC machine can be directly sent in the input of button.The operator is through the manual input signal that produces, and whether the operation of test PLC meets the expected requirements.This method of testing is similar with off-line test, has just made the inner virtual push button of computer into actual button.Its same a kind of method has identical shortcoming, is exactly that testing efficiency is very low.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of above method of testing, the present invention proposes a kind of method to the test of PLC Automatic Program.
Realization comprises the steps: the method for PLC Automatic Program test
Input step: import PLC program to be tested and to the test data of said PLC program;
Syntax analysis step: from PLC program to be tested, analyze input variable unit, output variable unit and logical operation structure; From test data, analyze the variate-value of input and the variate-value of expection output;
Testing procedure: the variate-value of the input in the test data is updated in the input variable unit, obtains actual output result, described actual output result is put in the output variable unit through said logical operation structure arithmetic;
Comparison step: the actual output result in the output variable unit is compared with the variate-value of expection output, if identical, this program to be tested is correct; If different, this quilt is estimated program and is made mistakes;
Step display: show test results.
In described syntax analysis step, generate corresponding with it ladder diagram through grammatical analysis to PLC program to be tested.
In described input step, input comprises many group test datas to the test data file of said PLC program in this test input file, comprise many test datas in each group test data.
First behavior of test data file: cycle title, each input variable unit, each output variable unit; Wherein separate through certain symbol between input variable unit and the output variable unit; Test data file second row all is a test data later; Separate through certain intersymbol between every group of test data; The variate-value of the variate-value of the input of every test data and expection output each the input variable unit with first row respectively is corresponding one by one with each output variable unit, and all issues are shown in first tabulation of each row.
When the use test data file is tested PLC program to be tested; Because test data file is common text; Therefore can use conventional means to duplicate and revise to test data wherein, the user only needs can form fast through the mode that test data is duplicated and revised when the setup test data file.
When the use test data file is tested PLC program to be tested; Read in a test data at every turn; Through testing procedure and comparison step,, read in next bar test data and proceed test if the actual output result in the output variable unit is identical with the variate-value of expection output; If it is different; Show test results, said test result comprises: this PLC program to be tested, the variate-value of being expert at, import through the test data of test and the test data of makeing mistakes, the variate-value and the actual result of output of expection output, and the user makes amendment to program to be tested according to the test result of demonstration; Revise continued use test data file test procedure is restarted test, all pass through test up to all test datas.
This shows that a kind of method to the test of PLC Automatic Program that the present invention proposes has been compared following advantage with the method for traditional test PLC program:
1) improves testing efficiency significantly.Once can accomplish the test of many group test datas during test, not need to press one by one button.Test data file can be made through the mode that the test data text is duplicated and revises, and can make large quantities of test datas fast.Test data file can use after making repeatedly, and each program is made mistakes after revising, and all can restart test, and manual testing's mode need be pressed button and repeats test process after program is made mistakes.Both compare, and testing efficiency raising of the present invention between several times to tens times, is promptly shortened several times to tens times of test durations greatly.
2) reliability of raising PLC program.Conventional test methodologies is oversize owing to expending time in, and receives the restriction of development time, and the test of being done is often not enough; And automatic test approach of the present invention has improved testing efficiency; In the same test duration, carry out several times to tens times test job more, and then improved the reliability of PLC program.
3) make things convenient for the PLC teaching.In the school instruction process; The academics and students all lacks field adjustable condition: PLC has tens manufacturers, and the programming mode of different manufacturers is incompatible, and the PLC of same producer different model is incompatible as a rule; School instruction is difficult to take into account comprehensively; In addition, student's program error between the learning period is many, more need debug repeatedly and revise the PLC program.Automatic test approach of the present invention will be provided convenience for the PLC teaching of school.
Description of drawings
Do further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is to PLC Automatic Program testing principle figure.
Fig. 2 is the pairing ladder diagram of PLC program to be tested among the embodiment.
Embodiment
This embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.The implementation process of test process explanation this method of the PLC program of a question-and-answer game apparatus of employing.
Question-and-answer game apparatus has four buttons, and wherein start button is presided over by the host; 3 persons of racing to be the first to answer a question operate 3 and race to be the first to answer a question button; When the host by getting into behind the start button and racing to be the first to answer a question state, 3 alarms all are in off-position; If after this certain person of racing to be the first to answer a question is by the button of oneself, it is electric that self alarm is got, interlocking simultaneously the validity of other person's of racing to be the first to answer a question input signals, thereby reached unique validity.Question-and-answer game apparatus PLC program uses four input variable: I0.0 to represent host's button, and I0.1, I0.2, I0.3 represent three person's of racing to be the first to answer a question buttons respectively; Output variable has three, represents three persons' of racing to be the first to answer a question alarm respectively: Q0.0, Q0.1, Q0.2.Note the corresponding I0.1 of Q0.0, other and the like.
In test macro, this program list is shown as (wherein symbol "～" expression is negated):
Q0.0：＝(I0.1?OR?Q0.0)AND～I0.0?AND～Q0.1?AND～Q0.2；
Q0.1：＝(I0.2?OR?Q0.1)AND～I0.0?AND～Q0.0?AND～Q0.2；
Q0.2：＝(I0.3?OR?Q0.2)AND～I0.0?AND～Q0.0?AND～Q0.1；
In order to test the PLC program of this question-and-answer game apparatus, we have designed following test data file.Comprised each input variable unit I0.0 in first row of this document, I0.1, I0.2, I0.3 and each output variable unit Q0.0, Q0.1, Q0.2.Second row is a test data later, reads in the test data of first row for the 1st time, and its expression host button is pressed, and the result is that all are output as 0; Read in the test data of second row for the 2nd time, all are input as 0, and all output results still remain 0; Read in the test data of the third line the 3rd time, second person of racing to be the first to answer a question I0.2 presses the button, and the output of his correspondence Q0.1 as a result should be 1.The 4th is read in the test data of fourth line, and first person of racing to be the first to answer a question I0.1 presses the button, and is locked but export the result, keeps identical with last time.The 5th is read in the test data of fifth line, and the 3rd person of racing to be the first to answer a question I0.3 presses the button, and the result is still constant in output.Read in the test data of the 6th row for the 6th time, second for the person of racing to be the first to answer a question repeats again by button, and This move does not change the output result yet.Read in the test data of the 7th row for the 7th time, the host presses the button, and all output reverts to 0.Read in the test data of the 8th row for the 8th time, nobody touches the button, and the output result is still 0.So far accomplish one group of operation.In order to investigate other situation, we duplicate this group test data one time, do some modifications then slightly, form second group of test data.In this group test data, when reading in for the 3rd time, special circumstances appear, and first person of racing to be the first to answer a question and second person of racing to be the first to answer a question supress button simultaneously, and the corresponding output of two people this moment should be 1 simultaneously.After having constructed these two groups of test datas, we again through the method construct that duplicates and revise the 3rd group of data.Constituted the test data that reaches 20 multirows thus.
Whether the PLC program of testing this question-and-answer game apparatus is correct:
First step input step: PLC program and the above-mentioned test data file of importing this question-and-answer game apparatus;
The second step syntax analysis step: syntax analyzer is analyzed this program; Generated corresponding with it ladder diagram; As shown in Figure 2; And each input variable unit: I0.0, I0.1, I0.2, I0.3 have been analyzed, each output variable unit: Q0.0, Q0.1, Q0.2, and logical operation structure; From this test data file, read in delegation's test data, the test data analysis device is analyzed it, analyzes the variate-value of each pairing input in output variable unit and the variate-value of the pairing expection output in each output variable unit;
The 3rd pacing try is rapid: the variate-value of input is brought in input variable corresponding with it unit, and the logical operation structure arithmetic that analyzes through second step obtains actual output result, and reality is exported corresponding the putting in each output variable unit of result;
The 4th step comparison step: the variate-value of the pairing expection output in each the output variable unit that analyzes in the actual output result in each output variable unit and second step is compared; If it is identical; Getting into for second step reads in the next line test data and proceeds test from test data file; If different, got into for the 5th step;
The 5th step step display: show test results, said test result comprises this test procedure, the row through test data of testing and the test data of makeing mistakes place, the variate-value of input, the variate-value and the actual result of output of expection output.
Above-mentioned to PLC Automatic Program testing principle referring to Fig. 1.
After importing the PLC program and test data file of above-mentioned question-and-answer game apparatus, test result is following:
Q0.0：＝(I0.1?OR?Q0.0)AND?NOT?I0.0?AND?NOT?Q0.1?AND?NOT?Q0.2；
Q0.1：＝(I0.2?OR?Q0.1)AND?NOT?I0.0?AND?NOT?Q0.0?AND?NOT?Q0.2；
Q0.2：＝(I0.3?OR?Q0.2)AND?NOT?I0.0?AND?NOT?Q0.0?AND?NOT?Q0.1；
cycle 1：1；0；0；00；0；0--0；0；0
cycle 2：0；0；0；00；0；0--0；0；0
cycle 3：0；0；1；00；1；0--0；1；0
cycle 4：0；1；0；00；1；0--0；1；0
cycle 5：0；0；0；10；1；0--0；1；0
cycle 6：0；0；1；00；1；0--0；1；0
cycle 7：1；0；0；00；0；0--0；0；0
cycle 8：0；0；0；00；0；0--0；0；0
cycle?10；1；0；0；00；0；0--0；0；0
cycle?11：0；0；0；00；0；0--0；0；0
cycle?12：0；1；1；01；0；0--1；1；0
cycle?12：program?output?incorrect
inputs：0；1；1；0
expected?outputs：1；1；0
program?outputs：1；0；0
Previous section is this test procedure, so that the user checks that to program aft section is test result output, first row of test output is:
cycle?1：1；0；0；0?0；0；0--0；0；0
The first row test data that its expression is read in, the variate-value of input is 1,0,0,0, i.e. I0.0=1, I0.1=0, I0.2=0, I0.3=0; Simultaneously, the actual output result that program produces is 0,0,0, i.e. Q0.0=0, and Q0.1=0, Q0.2=0. is the variate-value of the expection output of from test data file, reading at the right-hand member of symbol "--", is used for the actual output result contrast that produces with program.This moment, both were identical.The implication of remaining row similarly.
Above-mentioned test output result shows that all operation is correct in the 1st group of 8 capable test data for PLC question-and-answer game apparatus program.But at the 3rd row (cyclc12) of the 2nd group of test data of operation, mistake has appearred in the operation of PLC program, and actual output result is different with the output variable value of expecting in the test data file.This place test contents is two situations that the person of racing to be the first to answer a question presses the button simultaneously, and expection output variable value should occur two 1, but PLC program to be tested is only exported one 1.Analyze to show that question-and-answer game apparatus PLC program Q0.0 when carrying out first person's of racing to be the first to answer a question program is set to 1, this delegation is provided with 0 to second person's of racing to be the first to answer a question output, rather than as expected 1.
Test process has been found a mistake of program.Whether therefore this program needs to revise, and can continue to use this test data file to restart test after revising, see and can pass through.This process shows that test data can be reused, and in debug process, does not need at every turn by hand that mode repeats to press the button test, has improved the efficient of debugging.
Claims (10)
1. the method to the test of PLC Automatic Program is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Input step: import PLC program to be tested and to the test data of said PLC program;
Syntax analysis step: from PLC program to be tested, analyze input variable unit, output variable unit and logical operation structure; From test data, analyze the variate-value of input and the variate-value of expection output;
Testing procedure: the variate-value of the input in the test data is updated in the input variable unit, obtains actual output result, described actual output result is put in the output variable unit through said logical operation structure arithmetic;
Comparison step: the actual output result in the output variable unit is compared with the variate-value of expection output, if identical, this program to be tested is correct;
If different, this program to be tested is made mistakes;
Step display: show test results.
2. a kind of method as claimed in claim 1 to the test of PLC Automatic Program; It is characterized in that in said input step, input is to the test data file of said PLC program; Comprise many group test datas in this test data file, comprise many test datas in every group of test data.
3. a kind of method to the test of PLC Automatic Program as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, in described syntax analysis step, generates corresponding with it ladder diagram through the grammatical analysis to PLC program to be tested.
4. a kind of method as claimed in claim 2 to the test of PLC Automatic Program; It is characterized in that, adopt test data file that PLC program to be tested is tested, read in a test data at every turn; Through testing procedure and comparison step; If the actual output result in the output variable unit is identical with the variate-value of expection output, reads in next bar test data and proceed test, if different; Show test results, said test result comprises: this PLC program to be tested, the variate-value of being expert at, import through the test data of test and the test data of makeing mistakes, the variate-value and the reality of expection output are exported the result.
5. a kind of method as claimed in claim 4 to the test of PLC Automatic Program; It is characterized in that; The user makes amendment to program to be tested according to the test result that shows, revises continued use test data file test procedure is restarted test, all passes through test up to all test datas.
6. the device to the test of pLC Automatic Program is characterized in that, comprises like lower module:
Load module: in order to import PLC program to be tested and to the test data of said PLC program;
Syntax Analysis Module: in order to from PLC program to be tested, to analyze input variable unit, output variable unit and logical operation structure; In order to variate-value that from test data, analyzes input and the variate-value of expecting output;
Test module: be updated in the input variable unit in order to variate-value, obtain actual output result, described actual output result is put in the output variable unit through said logical operation structure arithmetic with the input in the test data;
Comparison module: in order to the actual output result in the output variable unit is compared with the variate-value of expection output, if identical, this program to be tested is correct; If different, this program to be tested is made mistakes;
Display module: in order to show test results.
7. a kind of device as claimed in claim 6 to the test of PLC Automatic Program; It is characterized in that in said load module, input is to the test data file of said PLC program; Comprise many group test datas in this test data file, comprise many test datas in every group of test data.
8. a kind of device to the test of PLC Automatic Program as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, in described syntax Analysis Module, generates corresponding with it ladder diagram through the grammatical analysis to PLC program to be tested.
9. a kind of device as claimed in claim 7 to the test of PLC Automatic Program; It is characterized in that, adopt test data file that PLC program to be tested is tested, read in a test data at every turn; Through testing procedure and comparison step; If the actual output result in the output variable unit is identical with the variate-value of expection output, reads in next bar test data and proceed test, if different; Show test results, said test result comprises: this PLC program to be tested, the variate-value of being expert at, import through the test data of test and the test data of makeing mistakes, the variate-value and the reality of expection output are exported the result.
10. a kind of device as claimed in claim 9 to the test of PLC Automatic Program; It is characterized in that; The user makes amendment to program to be tested according to the test result that shows, revises continued use test data file test procedure is restarted test, all passes through test up to all test datas.
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Application publication date: 20120711 |