CN102565875B - Method and device for checking scales of resistivity logging instrument - Google Patents
Method and device for checking scales of resistivity logging instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN102565875B CN102565875B CN201110455303.9A CN201110455303A CN102565875B CN 102565875 B CN102565875 B CN 102565875B CN 201110455303 A CN201110455303 A CN 201110455303A CN 102565875 B CN102565875 B CN 102565875B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and device for checking scales of a resistivity logging instrument, and the method comprises a resistivity logging instrument calibrating step and a resistivity logging instrument checking step, wherein the resistivity logging instrument calibrating step is as follows: measuring the amplitude ratio R0 and the phase difference D0 of signals when the resistivity logging instrument is exposed in air, measuring the amplitude ratio Rn and the phase difference Dn of the signals when simulated formations with different resistivities are placed around the resistivity logging instrument, and confirming the amplitude ratio response function relationship and the phase difference response function relationship according to R0, D0, Rn and Dn; and the resistivity logging instrument checking step is as follows: measuring the amplitude ratio R and the phase difference D of the signals when a simulated formation with resistivity Rho is placed nearby the logging instrument, calculating the amplitude ratio resistivity and the phase difference resistivity as per R, D, the amplitude response function relationship and the phase difference response function relationship, and calculating difference values of the amplitude ratio resistivity and the phase difference resistivity with the resistivity Rho. If the difference values of the amplitude ratio resistivity and the phase difference resistivity with the resistivity Rho are both less than a preset measuring error of the instrument, the resistivity logging instrument passes through the checking.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to petroleum drilling engineering technology,, about with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring technique, is particularly calibration check method and the device about a kind of resistivity tool concretely.
Background technology
In the exploratory development process of oil, rock gas and unconventional petroleum resources, NDS is measured the resistance parameter of drilling strata in real time, not only provide the navigation information of use for well system, and provide indispensable geologic parameter for real-time stratum comprehensive evaluation.Utilize the propagation principle of electromagnetic wave in medium with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity measuring technique, electromagnetic wave by from many groups emitting antenna to stratum transmitting different frequency, receive the electromagnetic wave that is transmitted to receiving antenna place simultaneously, according to the variation of electromagnetic wave signal amplitude and phase place in communication process, calculate with this resistivity of propagating institute's approach stratum.In reservoir hydrocarbons is evaluated, formation resistivity is one of very important geologic parameter, is the key of resistivity measurement technology to the Obtaining Accurate of this parameter.
For the formation resistivity data that makes actual measurement accurately, reliable, to electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument carry out meticulous scale and verification most important.Existing electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument is continued to use the scale method of wireline logging resistivity instrument conventionally, instrument is placed in to outdoor major diameter brine tank, by changing the mesohalobic resistivity simulation stratigraphic fluctuation of tank, instrument is carried out to scale, this scale tank arrangement is bulky, make complicated, scale operation is strict, is unfavorable for that instrument is daily, surveys front or post survey calibration verification.Indoor scale and calibration equipment that part company adopts belong to electrical type stratum simulator, the principle of this stratum analogue means is, by electronic devices and components, the decay of electromagnetic wave signal being carried out to simulated formation decays to electromagnetic wave signal, only, for debugging and the inspection of instrument antenna and circuit part, can not carry out overall scale and verification to electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument.
U.S. Patent No. 4876511 discloses a kind of scale method of testing and device of electromagnetic wave logger, this device comprises that one is with shielded emitter and one to be with shielded receiving trap, be arranged on respectively the receiving antenna of electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument and emitting antenna around, the emitter of shielding is launched the electromagnetic wave signal of different amplitudes and phase place to instrument receiving antenna, arrive the signal of receiving antenna after by actual formation for analog transmissions aerial signal, simulate the decay of actual formation to signal with electronic installation, to reach the object of scale and tester.The calibration check method of this pure electronic installation, high to the stability requirement of scale antenna and electronic circuit, make and complicated operation.
U.S. Patent No. 5001675 discloses a kind of phase place and amplitude calibration system of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation formation evaluation instrument, this system can auto-compensation because wellbore temperatures and pressure change the measuring error causing.Concrete way is, two scale antennas are injected to the electromagnetic wave reference signal of same phase and same magnitude to two measurement receiving antennas by close-coupled mode, according to two amplitude and phase differences that receive between signal, actual measurement is proofreaied and correct, thus the impact of the difference between two signalling channels of elimination on resistivity measurement data.In the method, scale antenna is installed together with receiving electric wire, and scale and measurement are alternately switched, and make antenna structure and electronic circuit complexity, have increased the unreliability of instrument.
U.S. Patent No. 5293128 has proposed a kind of conducting ring graduation apparatus that is similar to cable induction well logger, in conducting ring, access the electronic component of different impedances with the stratum of simulation different resistivity, this conducting ring scale method is not suitable for boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of calibration check method and device of resistivity tool, to guarantee that resistivity tool obtains resistivity data accurately.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of calibration check method of resistivity tool, the method comprises: resistivity tool scale step: the Amplitude Ratio R that measures signal when this resistivity tool is exposed in air
0and phase differential D
0with the Amplitude Ratio R that the simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to this resistivity tool signal around time
nand phase differential D
n; According to R
0, D
0, R
nand D
ndetermine Amplitude Ratio response function relation and the phase differential response function relation of this resistivity tool; Resistivity tool checking procedure: the Amplitude Ratio R and the phase differential D that measure the simulated formation that is ρ by resistivity and be placed in this well logger signal around time; Calculate Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity according to R, D, Amplitude Ratio response function relation and phase differential response function relation, and calculate respectively this Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivityρ's difference, if this Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivityρ's difference is all less than default apparatus measures error, the resistivity tool being somebody's turn to do is by verification.
Further, before carrying out resistivity tool scale step, described method also comprises described resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
Further, before carrying out resistivity tool checking procedure, described method also comprises described resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
Further, measure the Amplitude Ratio R of signal when described resistivity tool is exposed in air
0and phase differential D
0with the Amplitude Ratio R that the simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to described resistivity tool signal around time
nand phase differential D
n, comprising: the Amplitude Ratio R that measures the signal under different transmission frequencies when described resistivity tool is exposed in air, the combination of different transmission frequency-receive frequency
0and phase differential D
0; The simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to the Amplitude Ratio R of described resistivity tool signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different transmission frequency-receive frequency around time
nand phase differential D
n.
Further, according to described R
0, D
0, R
nand D
ndetermine that the Amplitude Ratio response function relation of described resistivity tool and phase differential response function relation comprise the steps: to determine according to the distributional pattern of the measuring principle of resistivity tool, numerical simulation calculation or simulated formation measurement point Amplitude Ratio response function relational expression and the phase differential response function relational expression of described resistivity tool; According to described R
0, D
0, R
nand D
ndetermine described Amplitude Ratio response function relational expression and the coefficient of phase differential response function relational expression and the covariance matrix of coefficient; Judge matching quality and determine polynomial expression exponent number.
Further, described cylindrical simulated formation is the conductive sponge that immerses the non-conductive sponge of salt solution or produce with polymer composite foaming technique.
Further, the determining step of the resistivity of described non-conductive sponge is as follows: sponge is processed into rectangular parallelepiped, and immerses in salt solution; Adopt electric impedance analyzer to measure the resistance value of the sponge after saline sook, and convert resistivity to; Determine the uncertainty of the resistivity of non-conductive sponge by the uncertainty of impedance measurement instrument.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of calibration check device of resistivity tool, this device comprises: cylindrical resistivity tester, be connected with Ground Communication System, and emitting antenna and receiving antenna are installed in the side of described cylindrical resistivity tester; Cylindrical simulated formation, envelope the side of described cylindrical resistivity tester, the diameter of described cylindrical resistivity tester equals described cylindrical simulated formation internal diameter, the twice that described cylindrical simulated formation outside dimension is described resistivity tool radial depth of investigetion.
Further, described cylindrical simulated formation is the conductive sponge that immerses the non-conductive sponge of salt solution or produce with polymer composite foaming technique.
Further, the long 20-40cm of ultimate range between resistivity tool antenna described in the Length Ratio of described simulated formation.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is, the present invention proposes a kind of calibration check method and device of resistivity tool, scale and verification before producing debugging, maintenance repair maintenance, lower well measurements for instrument and after measuring, guarantee in actual measurement, to obtain formation resistivity data accurately and reliably with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art be briefly described below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the calibration check method flow diagram of embodiment of the present invention resistivity tool;
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the present invention is with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument scale flow process;
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention is with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument and graduation apparatus position view;
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention is with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument checking process;
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention is with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument simulated formation section structure;
Fig. 6 is the simulated formation structural representation that embodiment of the present invention salt solution sponge is made;
Fig. 7 is embodiment of the present invention salt solution sponge definite value sample structural representation.
Embodiment
For making object, technical scheme and the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further details.At this, schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of calibration check method of resistivity tool, and the method comprises:
S101: resistivity tool scale step: the Amplitude Ratio R that measures signal when this resistivity tool is exposed in air
0and phase differential D
0with the Amplitude Ratio R that the simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to this resistivity tool signal around time
nand phase differential D
n; According to R
0, D
0, R
nand D
ndetermine Amplitude Ratio response function relation and the phase differential response function relation of this resistivity tool.
Resistivity tool scale method of the present invention is applicable to, with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument, also be applicable to other down-hole resistivity measurement instrument.
With the object of boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument scale be: convert the electric signal measuring (when phase differential of radiofrequency signal amplitude) to formation resistivity parameter.Therefore, measure in the known standard stratum of resistivity with electromagnetic wave resistivity instrument, just can obtain the corresponding relation coefficient of resistivity instrument Amplitude Ratio and phase differential and formation resistivity, scale flow process as shown in Figure 2.With boring being specifically implemented as follows of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument scale operation:
First resistivity tool is suspended in midair to the insulating support of high-altitude by boom hoisting, by power supply and telecommunication cable, the resistivity tool for the treatment of scale is connected to (S11) with Ground Communication System.After treating that resistivity tool is energized to working stability, measure and record the Amplitude Ratio (R of the signal under different transmission frequencies, different send-receive combination (S12)
0) and phase difference value (D
0) (S13).
Be ρ by resistivity
1simulated formation 31 be placed at the periphery (as Fig. 3) of resistivity tool 32, all emitting antennas and receiving antenna 33 are enclosed in stratum.Measure and record the Amplitude Ratio (R of the signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different send-receive
1) and phase difference value (D
1).
Be ρ by resistivity
2simulated formation be placed at the periphery of instrument, all antennas that transmit and receive are enclosed in stratum.Measure and record the Amplitude Ratio (R of the signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different send-receive
2) and phase difference value (D
2).
Repeat above-mentioned measuring process, until last ρ in analog
n, measure and record the Amplitude Ratio (R of the signal under the combination of different transmission frequencies, different send-receive
n) and phase difference value (D
n) (S14).
With boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument response relation, i.e. the response function relational expression (S15) of resistivity instrument Amplitude Ratio and phase differential and formation resistivity.
The concrete of instrument response relation determines that method is as follows:
A, determine response function form.
Determine response function form according to the distributional pattern of apparatus measures principle, numerical simulation calculation or simulated formation measurement device point.For polynomial function form, while determining response function form, polynomial expression exponent number presets.Finally in data fitting process, determine polynomial expression exponent number.
B, determine response function coefficient and covariance matrix thereof.
If response function adopts the polynomial form shown in formula (1):
ρ＝a
0+a
1x+a
2x
2+a
3x
3+…+a
mx
m (1)
In formula: ρ is formation resistivity, x is Amplitude Ratio or phase differential.
The response relation formula of corresponding Amplitude Ratio and phase differential and resistivity is respectively:
ρ＝a
0+a
1R+a
2R
2+a
3R
3+…+a
mR
m (1-a)
ρ＝b
0+b
1D+b
2D
2+b
3D
3+…+b
mD
m (1-b)
According to least square fitting principle, be calculated as follows coefficient vector A, i.e. multinomial coefficient a
i(i=0,1 ... the m) column vector of composition:
A＝(F
TWF)
-1F
TWP (2)
The covariance matrix of coefficient is calculated as follows:
V
A＝(F
TWF)
-1 (3)
The weighted residual quadratic sum of matching is calculated as follows:
C＝(P-FA)
TW(P-FA) (4)
In above-mentioned formula: P is the column vector ρ of the resistivity composition of stratum analogue means
i(i=1,2 ... n), n is the quantity that participates in the simulated formation of scale, and m is polynomial expression exponent number; F be measured value function xi (i=1,2 ... n) composition matrix, i.e. R
i(i=1,2 ... n) and D
i(i=1,2 ... the n) matrix of composition:
W-weighs diagonal matrix, corresponding to the weight of each measurement point.
C, choose matching weight
First setting weight matrix is following formula:
In formula: σ
pi(i=1,2 ... n) be the uncertainty of simulated formation device.
Calculate response function ρ by formula (1) and formula (2).
Weight matrix is formula (6):
In formula: σ i (i=1,2 ... n) be calculated as follows:
D, judgement matching quality
Calculate weighted residual quadratic sum (claiming the goodness of fit factor here) C by formula (4), as C≤χ
2when α, matching is up-to-standard, otherwise gives up, and searches reason matching again.
Wherein: χ
2the χ that α is is n-m by the level of signifiance 0.05 corresponding to degree of freedom
2the critical value distributing.
E, determine polynomial expression exponent number
Press formula (8) and calculate F
kthe factor:
In formula: n counts for measuring, and k is polynomial expression exponent number; C
kfor the weighted residual quadratic sum of k order polynomial matching, calculate by formula (4).
Work as F
kwhen≤F α, k-1 is the polynomial expression exponent number of choosing, and wherein F α is to be 1 and the critical value that distributes of the F of n-k-1 by the level of signifiance 0.05 corresponding to degree of freedom.Determine the coefficient that just can obtain response function after polynomial expression exponent number, complete the scale of resistivity tool.
S102: resistivity tool checking procedure: the Amplitude Ratio R and the phase differential D that measure the simulated formation that is ρ by resistivity and be placed in this well logger signal around time; Calculate Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity according to R, D, Amplitude Ratio response function relation and phase differential response function relation, and calculate respectively this Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivityρ's difference, if this Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity and this electricalresistivityρ's difference is all less than default apparatus measures error, the resistivity tool being somebody's turn to do is by verification.
The duty of inspection apparatus with the object of boring the verification of electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument, the instrument that scale is crossed is inserted in the analogue means of stratum and is measured, thereby the nominal value of the resistivity value measuring and simulated formation is compared and judges Instrument working state.With brill electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument checking process as shown in Figure 4, being specifically implemented as follows of verification operation:
A, suspend instrument in midair to the insulating support of high-altitude (S41) by boom hoisting, by power supply and telecommunication cable, subsurface equipment to be verified is connected with disposal system with ground communication.
B, treat that instrument is energized to working stability after, the simulated formation that is ρ by resistivity is placed at the periphery of instrument, all antennas that transmit and receive are enclosed in stratum.Measure and record the Amplitude Ratio (R) of the signal of (S42) under the combination of different transmission frequencies, different send-receive and phase difference value (D) (S43).
C, according to formula (1-a) and (1-b) calculate Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity value.The value of the resistivity calculating and simulated formation resistivity is compared, and the absolute value of the two difference is less than apparatus measures error, shows that apparatus measures is working properly, and verification is by (S44).Otherwise instrument is undesired, instrument verification is not by (S45).
D, instrument verification also can not add simulated formation, and instrument is placed in to air, using air as simulated formation, repeat above-mentioned steps.
As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a kind of calibration check device of resistivity tool, and described device comprises: cylindrical resistivity tester 32 and simulated formation 31.
Cylindrical simulated formation 31 has center pit 51, in cylindrical resistivity tester 32 centering holes 51, this envelopes the side of cylindrical resistivity tester 32, the diameter of cylindrical resistivity tester 32 equals cylindrical simulated formation 31 internal diameters, and cylindrical simulated formation outside dimension d is the twice of described resistivity tool radial depth of investigetion.
Preferably, the long 20-40cm of ultimate range between resistivity tool antenna described in the Length Ratio of described simulated formation.
Need possess light weight, conduction, the feature such as even with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity simulated formation material.A kind of selection of simulated formation material is to adopt the all-directional conductive sponge of being made up of polymer composite foaming technique, and the resistivity of this conductive sponge can design arbitrarily, and is processed into the simulated formation of desired structure by one-shot forming.Another kind of selection is to adopt common non-conductive sponge (as shown in Figure 6) with low cost, and sponge block 61 is invaded and had in certain density salt solution, and such salt solution sponge has just had electric conductivity.The resistivity of salt solution sponge can regulate by the concentration or the salt electrical conductivity of water that change salt solution.
The resistivity of simulated formation need to be measured in advance, and for the definite value of simulated formation resistivity, professional conductive sponge is complete in the process of manufacturing, and salt solution sponge can adopt the method for sample definite value to complete.The structure of salt solution sponge sample 71 as shown in Figure 7, is rectangular shape, and sample length is 8-15cm, and sample sectional area is 1-4cm
2.Definite value step is as follows:
A, salt solution sponge sample are invaded in salt solution, take out to be measured after saturated.
B, measure the resistance value of salt solution sponge sample with electric impedance analyzer, and according to the length of sample and sectional area data, resistance value is converted into resistivity.
C, by the sample resistivity directly measuring, its uncertainty determines by the uncertainty of impedance measurement instrument, execution amount is put Transfer Standards regulation.
The beneficial effect of the embodiment of the present invention is: the present invention proposes a kind of calibration check method and device of resistivity tool, scale and verification before producing debugging, maintenance repair maintenance, lower well measurements for instrument and after measuring, guarantee in actual measurement, to obtain formation resistivity data accurately and reliably with boring electromagnetic wave resistivity logging instrument.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a calibration check method for resistivity tool, is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Resistivity tool scale step: the Amplitude Ratio R that measures signal when described resistivity tool is exposed in air
0and phase differential D
0with the Amplitude Ratio R that the simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to described resistivity tool signal around time
nand phase differential D
n; According to described R
0, D
0, R
nand D
ndetermine Amplitude Ratio response function relation and the phase differential response function relation of described resistivity tool;
Resistivity tool checking procedure: the Amplitude Ratio R and the phase differential D that measure the simulated formation that is ρ by resistivity and be placed in described well logger signal around time; Calculate Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity according to described R, D, Amplitude Ratio response function relation and phase differential response function relation, and calculate respectively described Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity and described electricalresistivityρ's difference, if described Amplitude Ratio resistivity and phase differential resistivity and described electricalresistivityρ's difference is all less than default apparatus measures error, described resistivity tool is by verification;
Wherein, measure the Amplitude Ratio R of signal when described resistivity tool is exposed in air
0and phase differential D
0with the Amplitude Ratio R that the simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to described resistivity tool signal around time
nand phase differential D
n, specifically comprise: the Amplitude Ratio R that measures the signal under different transmission frequencies when described resistivity tool is exposed in air, the combination of different transmission frequency-receive frequency
0and phase differential D
0; The simulated formation of different resistivity is placed in to the Amplitude Ratio R of described resistivity tool signal under different transmission frequencies, the combination of different transmission frequency-receive frequency around time
nand phase differential D
n;
According to described R
0, D
0, R
nand D
namplitude Ratio response function relation and the phase differential response function relation of determining described resistivity tool specifically comprise: Amplitude Ratio response function relational expression and the phase differential response function relational expression of determining described resistivity tool according to the distributional pattern of the measuring principle of resistivity tool, numerical simulation calculation or simulated formation measurement point; According to described R
0, D
0, R
nand D
ndetermine described Amplitude Ratio response function relational expression and the coefficient of phase differential response function relational expression and the covariance matrix of coefficient; Judge matching quality and determine polynomial expression exponent number;
In addition, described simulated formation is the conductive sponge that immerses the non-conductive sponge of salt solution or produce with polymer composite foaming technique.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before carrying out resistivity tool scale step, described method also comprises described resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, before carrying out resistivity tool checking procedure, described method also comprises described resistivity tool is winched on the insulating support of high-altitude.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the determining step of the resistivity of described non-conductive sponge is as follows:
Sponge is processed into rectangular parallelepiped, and immerses in salt solution;
Adopt electric impedance analyzer to measure the resistance value of the sponge after saline sook, and convert resistivity to;
Determine the uncertainty of the resistivity of non-conductive sponge by the uncertainty of impedance measurement instrument.
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2011
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| CN101050700B (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2010-11-17 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Electromagnetic wave logging instrument correcting method using high permeable magnetic material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109372500A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | A kind of formation water resistivity logging instrument direct current small-signal three-stage graduation method |
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