CN102564467A - 对轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动的测量的改良 - Google Patents

对轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动的测量的改良 Download PDF

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CN102564467A
CN102564467A CN 201110401409 CN201110401409A CN102564467A CN 102564467 A CN102564467 A CN 102564467A CN 201110401409 CN201110401409 CN 201110401409 CN 201110401409 A CN201110401409 A CN 201110401409A CN 102564467 A CN102564467 A CN 102564467A
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sensor
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J·J·马卡斯特
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Turner Powertrain Systems Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H1/00—Propulsive elements directly acting on water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
    • G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
    • G01D5/2451—Incremental encoders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及对轴速的测量的改良。所述轴具有端面和至少一个探测标记，所述探测标记设置在所述轴的端面之上或之内以使得能够探测到轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动。所述轴用于在包括传感器的轴组件中使用，所述传感器定位在距轴端面一距离处。传感器构造成通过对探测标记的运动进行检测来测量轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动。

Description

对轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动的测量的改良
技术领域
本发明涉及对轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动的测量的改良。
背景技术
已知测量轴的旋转位置和旋转速度，特别是传动轴的旋转位置和旋转速度。这通常是通过采用速度传感装置来实现的。
US-B-7579827描述了用于检测出变速器输入轴的速度的速度传感装置，所述速度传感装置包括绕轴的周向间隔的标记和靠近标记布置的速度传感器。标记可组合在目标轮(也称为速度传感器盘)上，所述目标轮附接在输入轴上。在目标轮的一个实施例中，齿圈设置有多个齿，所述多个齿限定了周向间隔的标记。
速度传感器盘，例如前文提及的目标轮，通常由压制钢板制成，且边缘处有锯齿。锯齿允许速度传感器探测轴的旋转运动并由此确定传动轴旋转得有多快。通常压制钢板用于速度传感器盘以降低成本。为了使速度传感器盘装配在传动轴上的其它部件之间，通常需要额外的元件，例如推力垫圈。推力垫圈通常由比速度传感器盘更优质的钢材制成，并经机械加工以提供良好的表面光洁度。由于速度传感器盘的表面光洁度差，而这可能会损坏轴上重要的相邻部件，因此需要有推力垫圈。在轴的末端采用标准垫圈和螺栓以确保速度传感器盘牢固地保持在适当位置也是常见的做法。因此，这种已有技术中的速度传感器装置需要四个待安装于传动轴上的单独部件。这意味着轴必须足够长从而为待安装的部件提供空间。
此外，安装这些已有技术中的速度传感器以供径向测量，这意味着组件必须构造成容纳速度传感器。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种轴，所述轴具有端面和至少一个探测标记，所述探测标记设置在轴的端面之上或之内以使得能够探测到轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动。
本发明还提供了一种包括传感装置的轴组件，所述传感装置包括具有端面和至少一个探测标记的轴和定位在距轴端面一距离处的传感器，所述探测标记设置在轴的端面之上或之内，所述传感器构造成通过对探测标记的运动或位置进行检测来测量轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动。
附图说明
经改良的轴的一个实施例将仅作为范例并参考附图进行说明，所述轴用于包括传感装置的轴组件，附图中：
图1是根据本发明的包括探测标记的经改良的轴组件的剖视图；
图2是与图1类似的视图，并示出传感器相对于轴的位置；以及
图3和图4是从不同方向通过图1所示轴组件的剖视图，并示出安装至变速器壳体的传感器。
具体实施方式
示于图中的轴组件10通常包括传动轴11和传感器17，所述传感器设置用于测量轴的速度、角位移、位置或轴向运动的一个或全部。在轴11的一端处安装有齿轮12。齿轮12例如由圆锥滚子轴承14的锥体13保持在适当位置。
在轴11的端面16之中或之上设置有至少一个探测标记15。在一个实施例中，轴11具有多个间隔开的探测标记15。探测标记15可机械加工至端面16内或以另一方式形成，并且可以例如是突出部、凹进部、花键、锯齿、孔或斑纹。探测标记15可从轴11的轴线处偏移，均匀地以一定间隔排列在绕轴线的环上或以另一适于由传感器17探测的样式形成。在一个实施例中，有至少十二个探测标记15，且每一个都具有3毫米的最小宽度。相邻探测标记15之间的间隙的宽度可与探测标记15的宽度基本相同。为便于指示/标示(index)，可从否则为常规的样式中省略其中一个探测标记15。
传感器17位于从端面16轴向移位的平面内的一个位置处，在所述位置处传感器17可探测到探测标记15的旋转。在一个实施例中，传感器17可安装至壳体18(例如容纳轴11的变速器壳体)的外部部分。图2至图4中示出了一个合适的位置，在该位置内传感器17坐落成与轴11轴向成一直线。但是，其它安装位置是可接受的，例如从轴11的轴线偏移或与轴11的轴线成一角度，只要探测标记15的旋转可由传感器17探测到。
在一个实施例中，传感器17安装成具有0.5毫米的最小空气间隙(即轴11的末端和传感器17之间的间隙)。典型的最大间隙为1.5毫米，但这可取决于实际应用和所采用的传感器17的类型。
传感器17可以是不需要动力源的被动传感器，例如磁性传感器。合适的传感器的例子包括可变磁阻传感器、电磁拾波传感器、脉冲发生器、正时探针和曲轴位置传感器。可变磁阻传感器通常包括永久磁铁、铁磁极片和拾波线圈。当探测标记15经过磁铁面时，通过磁铁的磁通量改变，且因此通过线圈的磁通量改变。运动探测标记15提供了随时间变化的通量，所述随时间变化的通量在线圈内感应相称的电压。
工业适用性
前文提及的轴11和轴组件10可用于多种实际应用，包括变速器、齿轮箱、分动箱、内燃和外燃发动机，等等。
一个合适的应用是用于测量车辆变速器内的输出轴的速度，所述变速器将车辆发动机的输出转化为旋转运动以驱动车轮从而推动车辆。车辆变速器通常包括齿轮箱、离合器和多个驱动轴。在轴11受驱旋转的运行中，探测标记15旋转经过传感器17。探测标记15的运动使得传感器17生成与轴11的转速相称的输出信号。

Claims (16)

1.一种轴，所述轴具有端面和至少一个标记，所述标记设置在所述轴的所述端面之上或之内以使得能够探测所述轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴，其特征在于，在所述轴的所述端面之上或之内设置有多个探测标记。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴，其特征在于，所述探测标记的至少一个或每一个都机械加工至所述轴的所述端面内。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，所述探测标记的至少一个或每一个是突出部、孔、花键、锯齿或斑纹。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，有至少12个所述探测标记。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，所述探测标记的至少一个或每一个具有至少3毫米的宽度。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，相邻的所述探测标记之间的距离与所述探测标记的宽度基本相同。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，所述探测标记的至少一个或每一个从所述轴的轴线处偏移。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，多个所述探测标记布置在绕所述轴的所述轴线的环上。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，所述探测标记的样式便于提供可探测的标志。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴，其特征在于，所述轴是输出轴。
12.一种轴组件，所述轴组件包括速度传感装置，所述速度传感装置包括如前述权利要求的任一项所述的轴以及传感器，所述传感器构造成和相对于所述轴的所述端面坐落成便于通过检测所述探测标记的运动或位置来测量所述轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的轴组件，其特征在于，所述传感器安装在从所述轴的所述端面轴向移位的平面内。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的轴组件，其特征在于，所述传感器位于距所述探测标记至少0.5毫米处。
15.根据权利要求12至14中的任一项所述的轴组件，其特征在于，所述传感器安装到容纳所述轴的壳体上。
16.根据权利要求12至15中的任一项所述的轴组件，其特征在于，所述传感器是诸如磁性传感器的被动传感器。
CN 201110401409 2010-12-09 2011-12-06 对轴的速度、角位移、位置或运动的测量的改良 Pending CN102564467A (zh)

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EP10194367A EP2463664A1 (en) 2010-12-09 2010-12-09 Measurement of speed, angular displacement, position or movement of shafts
EP10194367.8 2010-12-09

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Application publication date: 20120711