CN102562090B - Electrode optimization placement method for improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway - Google Patents
Electrode optimization placement method for improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway Download PDFInfo
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- CN102562090B CN102562090B CN201110462704.7A CN201110462704A CN102562090B CN 102562090 B CN102562090 B CN 102562090B CN 201110462704 A CN201110462704 A CN 201110462704A CN 102562090 B CN102562090 B CN 102562090B
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Abstract
An electrode optimization placement method for improving the stability of surrounding rocks in a roadway belongs to the technical field of modifying the surrounding rocks of the soft rock roadway. The invention particularly relates to an electrode optimization placement method for electrochemically improving the stability of the surrounding rocks of the clay soft rock roadway. The specific placement method comprises the steps of: putting an anodic electrode in the deep part of the surrounding rocks of the clay soft rock roadway (i.e. the bottom end of a drill) by drilling, and fixing a cathode electrode on the surface of the surrounding rocks (i.e. the hole mouth of the drill). CaCL2 or AlCl3 electrolyte with concentration of 1-5mol.1<-1> is injected into the anode side through a high-pressure hose, after a direct-current power supply is switched on, the direction of electroosmosis changes from the deep part of the surrounding rocks to the surface of the shallow part of the surrounding rocks, so that water in a in rock mass of a modified area is drained from the deep part of the surrounding rocks to the shallow part of the surrounding rocks in an electroosmosis way, and higher drainage speed, higher drainage rate and better drainage and solidification effects are achieved. The method provided by the invention is beneficial for deformation and stress control of the surrounding rocks in the roadway, and the long-term stability of the surrounding rocks of the clay soft rock roadway is improved remarkably.
Description
Technical field
The electrode optimization placement method of a kind of improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway of the present invention, belong to country rock of soft rock roadway modification technology field, be specifically related to a kind of electrochemistry and improve the electrode optimization placement method of clay class Surrounding Rock Stability of Soft Rock, be applicable in underground construction to be easy to hydration swelling disintegration and softening clay class soft-rock tunnel or electrochemical modification and the reinforcing of surrounding rock of chamber, a kind of arrangement of electrodes method of optimization is provided for improve clay class Surrounding Rock Stability of Soft Rock by electrochemistry.
Background technology
In underground construction; often can run into the soft rock mass that is rich in clay mineral; its main clay mineral composition has montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and she-deceive people layer etc.; this class rock mass is under the effect of water; the phenomenons such as softening, expansion and disintegration very easily occur, the long-term stability of serious threat underground engineering wall rock and safety.
The technical method of traditional raising Surrounding Rock Stability of Soft Rock mainly contains shotcrete, grouting and reinforcing, frame supporting, block arch or fluid concrete etc., the clay class Soft Rock Engineering of reinforcing by these methods, often need repeatedly to reprocess, not only the amount of reprocessing is large, expense is high, and has a strong impact on the normal operation of underground construction and normally carrying out of building and produce.
Electrochemistry is a kind of novel Soft Rock Engineering surrounding rock stability reinforcement means, can change self mineralogical composition and pore structure of clay class soft rock by electrochemical action, improve its long-time stability, and have that constructing operation is simple, expense is cheap and the advantage such as effect is remarkable.
Chinese invention patent application publication number ZL200810048489.4 discloses a kind of electrochemical stabilization method of soft-rock tunnel, this technology discloses two kinds of electrode arrangement modes: the one, and irony electrodes all in cross section, same tunnel are connected with the negative or positive electrode of power supply, and the irony electrode in the cross section be adjacent is connected with negative pole or the positive pole of power supply, along the tunnel axis direction, arrange that the section of anode electrode and the section of arranging cathode electrode are spaced; The 2nd, the irony electrode in same cross section is spaced by anode-cathode, the cross section of all layout electrodes all by this way along the tunnel axis with certain pitch arrangement, and when output current is down to can not fall the time again, originally the anode that was positive electrode is changed into to the negative electrode of negative electrode, and be the anode that the negative electrode of negative electrode becomes positive electrode originally, continue energising, so repeatedly, until surrounding rock consolidation finishes.The analysis of theory analysis and antianode, cathode zone rock forming mineral composition and pore structure by the electric osmose in the electrochemical modification process of the test to soft rock, electrophoresis, find that above-mentioned two kinds of electrode arrangement modes exist obviously not enough.The one, after energising in rock mass the sensing of electric field everywhere all parallel with the tunnel axis, the sense of current is parallel to the surface, tunnel everywhere, the electrochemical phenomenas such as the electric osmose occurred in country rock, electrophoresis also move on such direction.Aspect electric drainage, water flows to be parallel to the surface, tunnel in roadway surrounding rock inside, the conversion repeatedly of electrode can only cause the water in country rock to flow back and forth, the water content in each cathode and anode zone in roadway surrounding rock is constantly changed, country rock will experience dehydration-water suction-circulation of dehydration again, this circulation can weaken roadway surrounding rock, is unfavorable for the stable of roadway surrounding rock.Aspect electrophoresis, the electrode conversion constantly changes soft rock Minerals particle moving direction, and mineral grain is difficult to continue to move to a direction, affects the country rock modified effect.The 2nd, the stressed or form destroyed of roadway surrounding rock normally manifests by destroying circle, plastic circle, elastic ring, four zones of initial stress area.Even by very little thickness, roadway surrounding rock being divided into to many ring layers analyzes, in each ring layer, existing anode region has again cathode zone, the water content of two modification areas, degree of porosity, mechanical strength are all different, and the stability of soft-rock tunnel integral body is had a great impact.The 3rd, do not add electrolyte in the electrochemical modification implementation process, soft rock mass interior microscopic composition and structure does not have the attend fully electrochemical reaction, and the electrochemical modification time needed is relatively long, and the raising of soft rock intensity in the post-modification district is processed in impact.A kind of arrangement of electrodes method of therefore, seeking optimization has important scientific meaning and engineering using value to improving the soft rock electrochemical modified effect.
Summary of the invention
The electrode optimization placement method of a kind of improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway of the present invention, its objective is the defect that overcomes electrode arrangement mode in prior art.According to the mechanism of electrochemical modification soft rock with to the analysis of result of the test, the present invention proposes the technical scheme that a kind of electrochemistry is improved the electrode optimization placement method of clay class Surrounding Rock Stability of Soft Rock.
The electrode optimization placement method of a kind of improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway of the present invention, it is characterized in that a kind of electrochemistry improves the electrode optimization placement method of clay class Surrounding Rock Stability of Soft Rock, the method is placed anode electrode by boring at the place, boring bottom in clay class country rock of soft rock roadway deep, at the hell place on country rock surface fixed negative pole electrode, inject electrolyte in boring, after connecting dc source, electric osmose direction in the electrochemical modification zone is pointed to the country rock surface from the roadway surrounding rock deep, externally drained to country rock; The electrophoresis direction is pointed to the country rock deep from the roadway surrounding rock surface, the mineral microparticle of country rock superficial part cathode zone moves to the country rock deep, the rock porosity of country rock deep anode region reduces, the rock porosity of country rock superficial part cathode zone increases, control deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel and stress distribution, thereby improved significantly the long-time stability of clay class country rock of soft rock roadway, its concrete steps are:
I, require and have now construction technology according to the roadway surrounding rock characteristics and to the control of surrounding rock stability, along the boring that on the section vertical with the tunnel axis, drill diameter is 28mm～42mm, the spacing that boring is circumferential along tunnel, along tunnel, to be the tunnel radius be width or height 0.5 times～1 times for axial array pitch and boring length, the bottom placement diameter of holing in the country rock deep is 20mm～30mm, the bar-shaped irony that length is 500mm～1000mm or copper anode electrode, on the country rock surface, be that the hell fixed diameter is 200mm～300mm, thickness is discoid irony or the copper cathode electrode that 20mm～30mm center-hole diameter is 28mm～42mm,
II, the anode electrode that place at cathode electrode that each hell place in modified zone is fixing and the place, bottom that respectively holes with insulated conductor are together in series respectively, and it is received respectively on the negative pole and positive pole of dc source, the output voltage of its dc source is 200～700V, output current is 150～500A, and power output is 2～6KW;
III, to place 1 internal diameter in each boring be 8mm～12mm, and the high pressure fluid injection sebific duct that wall thickness is 2mm～5mm, then hole with the cement mortar sealing, and seal length is to hell from anode electrode and its wire tie point;
IV, to be pressed into concentration by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct anode electrode tip be 1～5moll
-1caCl
2or AlCl
3electrolyte, switch on power, and system is implemented electrochemical modification to country rock, when electric current drop to initial current value 10%～20% the time, finish electrochemical modification;
V, finally by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct to implantation quality in borehole space and country rock space than being water: ash: organosilicon (solid content 30%～45%)=(0.8～1.2): 1: the percolation-proof mud of (0.1～0.3), prevent that modification from finishing rear water and again entering repeatedly erosion and the reduction of modified zone to soft rock mass, to keep modified effect.
The electrode optimization placement method of a kind of improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway of the present invention, its advantage is:
A, from the X-ray diffracting spectrum before and after the modification of clay class soft rock, analyzed, after modification, the clay mineral compositions such as the montmorillonite in soft rock, illite, kaolinite obviously reduce, and have the newly-generated thing such as allophane, anhydrite to generate, mineralogical composition generation significant change.
B, under electroosmosis, water in country rock and electrolyte flow to roadway surrounding rock surface cathode direction, effectively prevented that the outer water of modified zone from penetrating into modified zone, modified zone soft rock mesopore surface hydrophilicity is reduced, hydrated sheath reduces, and the aquation, expansion, disintegration and the phenomenon such as cracked that have suppressed soft rock occur.
After the mineral recrystallization that C, cell reaction decompose, strengthened again the connection power between the clay mineral particle, thus fixed clay mineral, and in modified zone, the mechanical property of soft rock is improved.
D, soft rock is carried out to electrochemical modification after, electrolyte flows and assembles to the superficial part cathode zone, make the more clay mineral of cathode zone that cell reaction occur, in part electrolysate and soft rock hole, electronegative mineral solid phase particle moves to deep anode region direction because of electrophoresis, tunnel superficial part cathode zone rock porosity is increased, being conducive to provides certain discharge space in roadway surrounding rock inside for stress release, has reduced the deflection on surface, tunnel; Deep, tunnel anode region country rock gathers the recrystallization of fixed and mineral through electrochemistry draining, mineral grain, porosity reduces, and Surrounding Rock Strength improves, and can support more roadway surrounding rock stress, effectively suppresses roadway deformation.Such modified effect is conducive to deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel and Stress Control, thereby has improved significantly the long-time stability of clay class country rock of soft rock roadway.
The electrode optimization placement method of a kind of improving stability of surrounding rocks in roadway of the present invention, its effect is:
Adopt the electrode arrangement mode of optimizing to carry out electrochemical modification to country rock of soft rock roadway, after connecting dc source, its electric osmose direction is pointed to the country rock superficial part from the roadway surrounding rock deep, except the consolidation effect that can obtain existing electrode cloth arm mode technology, also have three main effects:
A, make in country rock of soft rock roadway two interelectrode water effective ground discharge from the superficial part cathode zone, and higher than the electrode arrangement mode discharge rate of existing electrochemical stabilization soft-rock tunnel, can obtain good discharging consolidation effect, effectively suppress aquation, expansion, disintegration and the phenomenon such as cracked of tunnel soft rock.
B, cathode zone are positioned at the shallow table of roadway surrounding rock section, can make superficial part rock mass porous dehiscence gap increase, and what be conducive to tunnel superficial part country rock suitably allows pressure; Anode region is positioned at the country rock deep, and after the recrystallization of gathering fixed and mineral through electrochemistry draining, mineral microparticle, porosity reduces, and contributes to improve deep wall rock intensity, thereby has improved the self-bearing capacity of deep wall rock.This structure in modified zone after the soft rock mass modification is conducive to deformation of the surrounding rock in tunnel and Stress Control, thereby has improved significantly the long-time stability of clay class country rock of soft rock roadway.
C, by liquid injection pipe, at the anode electrode end, inject certain density electrolyte, under the effect of applying direct current electric field, make soft rock mass interior microscopic molecular structure composition energy attend fully electrochemical reaction, make its physicochemical properties that larger change occur, the mechanical strength of country rock of soft rock roadway further strengthens.After tunnel soft rock mass modification is completed, inject the organosilicon slurries by liquid injection pipe, it is combined well with the soft rock particle, effectively prevent that the outer water of modified zone from penetrating into the attenuation of modified zone to soft rock intensity.
After adopting this method to the modification of clay class soft rock soil, its intensity can improve 50%～300%.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cathode and anode arrangement of electrodes sectional schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is cathode and anode arrangement of electrodes floor map.
Fig. 3 is for arranging the boring longitudinal profile schematic diagram of electrode.
In figure: 1. dc source, 2. power cathode, 3. positive source, 4. connect the wire of cathode electrode, 5. the wire of jointed anode electrode, 6. cathode electrode, 7. anode electrode, 8. high pressure fluid injection sebific duct, 9. boring, 10. cement mortar sealing material, 11. ammeters, L. sealed borehole length.
The specific embodiment
Describe the specific embodiment of the invention scheme in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Embodiment 1
A) require and have now construction technology according to the roadway surrounding rock characteristics and to the control of surrounding rock stability, along the boring 9 that on the section vertical with the tunnel axis, drill diameter is 28mm, boring 9 along tunnel circumferential spacing, along tunnel, axial array pitch and boring length are 0.5 times of arched tunnel radius, the bottom placement diameter of holing in the country rock deep is the bar-shaped irony anode electrode 7 that 20mm, length are 500mm, on the country rock surface, is that hell place fixed diameter is that 200mm, thickness are the discoid irony cathode electrode 6 that the 20mm center-hole diameter is 28mm.
B) with insulated conductor 4 and 5, cathode electrode 6 and each anode electrode 7 of holing the placement of place, bottom that each hell place in modified zone is fixing is together in series respectively, and it is received respectively on the negative pole 2 and anodal 3 of dc source 1, the output voltage of its dc source 1 is 200V, output current is 150A, and power output is 2KW;
C) placing 1 internal diameter in each boring is 8mm, the high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 that wall thickness is 2mm, and then, with the 10 sealing borings of cement mortar sealing material, seal length is from anode electrode 7 and the distance L of its wire tie point to hell;
D) by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 anode electrode 7 end implantation concentrations, be 1moll
-1caCl
2or AlCl
3electrolyte, connect dc source 1, and system is implemented electrochemical modification to country rock, when electric current drop to initial current value 10% the time, finish the electrochemical modification process;
E) finally by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 to implantation quality in boring 9 than for water: ash: organosilicon solid content 30%=0.8: percolation-proof mud sealing boring 9 and the country rock of 1: 0.1, prevent that modification from finishing rear water and again entering repeatedly erosion and the reduction of modified zone to soft rock mass, to keep modified effect.
A) require and have now construction technology according to the roadway surrounding rock characteristics and to the control of surrounding rock stability, along the boring 9 that on the section vertical with the tunnel axis, drill diameter is 42mm, boring 9 spacing, along tunnel axial array pitch and the boring length circumferential along tunnel is 0.8 times of span length, the bottom placement diameter of holing in the country rock deep is the bar-shaped copper anode electrode 7 that 30mm, length are 1000mm, on the country rock surface, is that hell place fixed diameter is that 300mm, thickness are the discoid copper cathode electrode 6 that the 30mm center-hole diameter is 42mm;
B) with insulated conductor 4 and 5, cathode electrode 6 and each anode electrode 7 of holing the placement of place, bottom that each hell place in modified zone is fixing is together in series respectively, and it is received respectively on the negative pole 2 and anodal 3 of dc source 1, the output voltage of its dc source 1 is 700V, output current is 500A, and power output is 6KW;
C) placing 1 internal diameter in each boring is 12mm, the high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 that wall thickness is 5mm, and then, with the 10 sealing borings of cement mortar sealing material, seal length is from anode electrode 7 and the distance L of its wire tie point to hell;
D) by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 anode electrode 7 end implantation concentrations, be 5moll
-1caCl
2or AlCl
3electrolyte, connect dc source 1, and system is implemented electrochemical modification to country rock, when electric current drop to initial current value 20% the time, finish the electrochemical modification process;
E) finally by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 to implantation quality in boring 9 than for water: ash: organosilicon solid content 45%=1.2: percolation-proof mud sealing boring 9 and the country rock of 1: 0.3, prevent that modification from finishing rear water and again entering repeatedly erosion and the reduction of modified zone to soft rock mass, to keep modified effect.
A) require and have now construction technology according to the roadway surrounding rock characteristics and to the control of surrounding rock stability, along the boring 9 that on the section vertical with the tunnel axis, drill diameter is 36mm, boring 9 along tunnel circumferential spacing, along tunnel, axial array pitch and boring length are 1 times of head-room, the bottom placement diameter of holing in the country rock deep is the bar-shaped copper anode electrode 7 that 25mm, length are 800mm, on the country rock surface, is that hell place fixed diameter is that 250mm, thickness are the discoid irony cathode electrode 6 that the 25mm center-hole diameter is 36mm;
B) with insulated conductor 4 and 5, cathode electrode 6 and each anode electrode 7 of holing the placement of place, bottom that each hell place in modified zone is fixing is together in series respectively, and it is received respectively on the negative pole 2 and anodal 3 of dc source 1, the output voltage of its dc source 1 is 300V, output current is 200A, and power output is 3KW;
C) placing 1 internal diameter in each boring is 10mm, the high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 of wall thickness 3mm, and then, with the 10 sealing borings of cement mortar sealing material, seal length is from anode electrode 7 and the distance L of its wire tie point to hell;
D) by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 anode electrode 7 end implantation concentrations, be 3moll
-1caCl
2or AlCl
3electrolyte, connect dc source 1, and system is implemented electrochemical modification to country rock, when electric current drop to initial current value 15% the time, finish the electrochemical modification process;
E) finally by high pressure fluid injection sebific duct 8 to implantation quality in boring 9 than for water: ash: organosilicon solid content 40%=1: percolation-proof mud sealing boring 9 and the country rock of 1: 0.2, prevent that modification from finishing rear water and again entering repeatedly erosion and the reduction of modified zone to soft rock mass, to keep modified effect.
Claims (1)
1. an electrochemistry is improved the electrode optimization placement method of clay class Surrounding Rock Stability of Soft Rock, the method by holing in clay class country rock of soft rock roadway, in the boring bottom, anode electrode is placed at place, at the hell place on country rock surface fixed negative pole electrode, and inject electrolyte in boring, after connecting dc source, electric osmose direction in the electrochemical modification zone is pointed to the country rock surface from the roadway surrounding rock deep, externally drained to country rock, and the electrophoresis direction is pointed to the country rock deep from the roadway surrounding rock surface, the mineral microparticle of country rock superficial part cathode zone moves to the country rock deep, the rock porosity of country rock deep anode region reduces, the rock porosity of country rock superficial part cathode zone increases, realize that the roadway surrounding rock superficial part is heavily stressed and shift to the country rock deep, thereby significantly improve the long-time stability of clay class country rock of soft rock roadway, its concrete steps are:
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| CN110388214A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-29 | 黑龙江科技大学 | A kind of method for protecting support and device that roadway surrounding rock high-temperature heating is strengthened |
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| CN103485808B (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2015-07-01 | 山东科技大学 | Electro-osmosis home position modified roadway anchoring method of underground swelling soft rock |
| CN105927243B (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2018-06-22 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of underground country rock tomography suspension device and method for protecting support |
| CN109236300B (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-05-05 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Electromigration method for preventing mine concrete well bore from being damaged by ion erosion |
| CN109322700B (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-05-22 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Electromigration device for preventing mine concrete well bore from being damaged by ion erosion |
| CN111364485A (en) * | 2020-02-11 | 2020-07-03 | 中国矿业大学 | Method for electrochemically reinforcing strip mine slope forward-inclination soft interlayer |
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| CN101319612B (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2011-12-28 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Electrochemical stabilization method for soft rock |
| CN101487837B (en) * | 2009-02-13 | 2012-07-25 | 太原理工大学 | Tester for changing soft rock expandability by electro-chemistry |
| CN102002934B (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2011-11-16 | 太原理工大学 | In-situ modification reinforcing method for expansive soft rock soil |
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