CN102562036A - Pressure and temperature monitor system of coal gas bed well based on optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Pressure and temperature monitor system of coal gas bed well based on optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN102562036A CN102562036A CN2012100148847A CN201210014884A CN102562036A CN 102562036 A CN102562036 A CN 102562036A CN 2012100148847 A CN2012100148847 A CN 2012100148847A CN 201210014884 A CN201210014884 A CN 201210014884A CN 102562036 A CN102562036 A CN 102562036A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pressure and temperature monitor system of coal gas bed well based on optical fiber sensing. The pressure and temperature monitor system comprises a pressure fiber grating sensor arranged on the outer surface of an oil pipe; a temperature fiber grating sensor arranged on the outer surface of the oil pipe; a laser for outputting a laser beam; a coupler for receiving the output laser beam of the laser at the input end and transmitting the output laser beam to the pressure fiber grating sensor and the temperature fiber grating sensor; and a demodulator having a signal input end connected with the optical signal output end of the coupler, wherein the fiber grating of the pressure fiber grating sensor and the temperature fiber grating sensor can generate central wavelength changes by sensing the pressure and temperature of the outer surface of the oil pipe; and the demodulator is used for monitoring the changes of the central wavelengths of the pressure fiber grating sensor and the temperature fiber grating sensor so as to measure the pressure and temperature of the coal gas bed well. The pressure and temperature monitor system has the advantages of compact structure, high long-term stability, high durability, high resistance to electromagnetic interference, and so on.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the coalbed gas logging field, relate in particular to a kind of pressure sensing fiber, temperature monitoring system that is used for coal bed gas well.
Background technology
Coal bed gas is commonly called as " gas ", and its main component is CH4 (methane), with the coal association, be stored in the unconventional natural gas in the coal seam with adsorbed state; As a kind of efficient, clear energy sources, economic benefit is huge, in this simultaneously; Coal bed gas also is the root of Gas Explosion Accidents in Coal Mines; Coal bed gas directly is discharged in the atmosphere, and its greenhouse effect are about 21 times of carbon dioxide, and are extremely strong to environmental destruction property.The production of coal bed gas well is the artesian water through the pump drainage coal seam reservoirs, reduces coal seam reservoirs pressure, impels the overall process of the coal bed gas desorb of adsorbing in the coal seam reservoirs, promptly through drainage and step-down, makes the desorb of ADSORPTION STATE coal bed gas be a large amount of free state coal bed gas and migrate to well head.Can find out not only temperature, pressure situation under the process need monitor well of surveying; In the process of development and use, also need constantly the temperature, pressure of monitoring coal bed gas to change; When utilizing cavern to store coal bed gas; Also need monitor its Temperature Distribution and pressure distribution, thereby understand situation such as storage capacity and leakage.
Temperature, pressure field get DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION to traditional coal bed gas well pressure and temp monitoring technology in shaft bottom, the pit shaft in order to obtain; Adopt mechanical system in pit shaft, to move up and down downhole sensor; Thereby cause the whole measuring process cycle longer, reliable measurement property is low, and certainty of measurement also is restricted; Circumstance complication in the while coal bed gas well, electromagnetic interference is stronger, and long-term stability and the antijamming capability that uses of traditional electrical minor sensor is limited.
Therefore, how to invent out a kind of coal bed gas well temperature, pressure monitor system, above-mentioned technical problem is solved, be the direction place that those skilled in the art studied.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention provides a kind of coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor, to solve existing problem in the above-mentioned prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor, and it comprises:
The pressure fiber-optic grating sensor, it is laid in the oil pipe external surface, through experiencing the oil pipe external pressure centre wavelength of fiber grating is changed;
The temperature fiber-optic grating sensor, it is laid in the oil pipe external surface, through experiencing the outer temperature of oil pipe the centre wavelength of fiber grating is changed;
Laser instrument, it is used for output beam;
Coupler, its input receives the output beam of said laser instrument, and it is passed to described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor and temperature fiber-optic grating sensor;
(FBG) demodulator; Its signal input part links to each other with the light signal output end of described coupler; Be used to monitor the variation of said pressure fiber-optic grating sensor centre wavelength and the variation of temperature fiber-optic grating sensor centre wavelength, and then record the pressure and temperature of coal bed gas well.
In the preferred implementation, described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor comprises:
The pressure sensor housing is provided with a cover plate on it, described cover plate upper end is provided with circular flat diaphragm, and a pressure is implemented on the circular flat diaphragm of said cover plate, and described cover plate lower end connects a dowel bar;
Equi intensity cantilever; It is arranged in the said pressure sensor housing; And be meshed with said dowel bar, described equi intensity cantilever upper surface has a groove, and said groove is provided with the pressure fiber grating; Described pressure fiber grating is drawn outside optical fiber to the said pressure sensor housing, and this is drawn optical fiber and connects said coupler.
In the preferred implementation; Described temperature fiber-optic grating sensor comprises the temperature pick up housing; Described temperature pick up housing closely is connected with described pressure sensor housing; Be provided with the temperature fiber grating in the described temperature pick up housing, described temperature fiber grating is drawn another and is drawn optical fiber to the said temperature pick up housing, this another draw optical fiber and connect said coupler.
In the preferred implementation, described equi intensity cantilever is fixed in the said pressure sensor housing through high-performance adhesive.
In the preferred implementation, the contact surface between described cover plate and the said pressure sensor housing is evenly smeared the high-durability fluid sealant.
In the preferred implementation, have an optical fiber fairlead on the said pressure sensor housing, the described optical fiber of drawing is drawn through said optical fiber fairlead, and described optical fiber fairlead is through the sealing of high-durability fluid sealant.
In the preferred implementation, have an optical fiber fairlead on the said temperature pick up housing, described another drawn optical fiber and drawn through said optical fiber fairlead, and described optical fiber fairlead is through the sealing of high-durability fluid sealant.
In the preferred implementation, utilize following formula to try to achieve coal bed gas well pressure:
P＝(Δλ
BS-Δλ
BT)E/2vC
ε
Wherein, Δ λ
BS, Δ λ
BTBe respectively the center wavelength variation amount of fiber bragg grating pressure sensor and optical fiber grating temperature compensation sensor, it is measured by (FBG) demodulator; E is the fiber grating modulus of elasticity; V is the fiber grating poisson's ratio; C
εRepresent the fiber grating strain coefficient respectively.
In the preferred implementation, utilize following formula to try to achieve the coal bed gas well temperature:
ΔT
T＝Δλ
BT/C
T
Wherein, Δ λ
BTBe the center wavelength variation amount of optical fiber grating temperature compensation sensor, it is measured by (FBG) demodulator; C
TExpression optical fiber grating temperature coefficient.
Compared with prior art; Using optical fibre grating of the present invention is measured the coal bed gas well water pressure; Also have temperature self-compensation function and the function of measuring temperature; The deformation characteristic that it has utilized sensing characteristics and round and elastic gland-dowel bar-equi intensity cantilever flexible member combination of fiber grating has advantages such as compact conformation, long-time stability are good, good endurance, anti-electromagnetic interference.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is coal bed gas well pressure, the temperature monitoring system composition frame chart that the present invention is based on Fibre Optical Sensor;
Fig. 2 is that the coal bed gas well pressure, the pressure of temperature monitoring system, the temperature fiber-optic grating sensor that the present invention is based on Fibre Optical Sensor are formed sketch map;
Fig. 3 is that the coal bed gas well pressure, the pressure of temperature monitoring system, the temperature fiber-optic grating sensor that the present invention is based on Fibre Optical Sensor are laid sketch map.
Description of reference numerals: 1-cover plate; The 2-equi intensity cantilever; 3-pressure fiber grating; 4-temperature pick up housing; The 5-dowel bar; 6-pressure sensor housing; 7-temperature fiber grating; 81,82-draws optical fiber; 91-pressure fiber-optic grating sensor; 92-temperature fiber-optic grating sensor; The 10-laser instrument; The 11-coupler; The 111-signal input part; 112-I/O end; The 113-light signal output end; The 12-(FBG) demodulator.
The specific embodiment
To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not paying the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.
As shown in Figure 1; Be coal bed gas well pressure, the temperature monitoring system composition frame chart that the present invention is based on Fibre Optical Sensor; Coal bed gas well level monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor of the present invention comprises a pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91, a temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92, a laser instrument 10; One coupler 11 and a (FBG) demodulator 12; Described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91 and temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92 are laid in the oil pipe external surface and are close to oil pipe, through experiencing oil pipe external pressure and temperature, and the centre wavelength of fiber grating are changed; Described laser instrument is in the signal input part 111 of 10 output beams to coupler 11; The I/O end 112 of described coupler 11 is connected with described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91 and temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92; The light signal output end 113 of said coupler 11 links to each other with the signal input part of said (FBG) demodulator 12; Through said pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91 fiber gratings of said (FBG) demodulator 12 monitorings the variation of centre wavelength of centre wavelength and temperature pick up 92 fiber gratings, and then record the pressure and temperature of coal bed gas well.
Like Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3; Being respectively the coal bed gas well pressure, the pressure of temperature monitoring system, the temperature fiber-optic grating sensor that the present invention is based on Fibre Optical Sensor forms sketch map and lays sketch map; Described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91 comprises: a cover plate 1, an equal strength semi girder 2, a pressure fiber grating 3, are drawn optical fiber 81, a dowel bar 5 and pressure sensor housing 6, and said cover plate 1 is set on the described pressure sensor housing 6, and said cover plate 1 upper end is provided with circular flat diaphragm (figure does not show); Pressure imposes on the circular flat diaphragm of said cover plate 1; The lower end of said cover plate 1 connects said dowel bar 5, and described equi intensity cantilever 2 is arranged in the said pressure sensor housing 6, and is meshed with said dowel bar 5; Said equi intensity cantilever 2 upper surfaces have a groove; Said groove is provided with pressure fiber grating 3, and described pressure fiber grating 3 is drawn optical fiber 81 to said pressure sensor housing 6, and the said optical fiber 81 of drawing connects said coupler 11.
Described temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92 comprises: temperature pick up housing 4, temperature fiber grating 7 and draw optical fiber 82; Described temperature pick up housing 4 closely is connected with described pressure sensor housing 6; Be provided with temperature fiber grating 7 in the described temperature pick up housing 4; Described temperature fiber grating 7 is drawn optical fiber 82 to said temperature pick up housing 4, and the said optical fiber 82 of drawing connects said coupler 11.
Described pressure, temperature fiber-optic grating sensor are made through following method: at first make pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91; High-performance bonding adhesive such as use J133 are bonded in fiber grating 3 in the upper surface groove of the beam of uniform strength 2; Then equi intensity cantilever 2 is embedded in pressure sensor housing 6 inside and carries out permanent fixation with high-performance adhesive; Carry out the combination of equi intensity cantilever 2, dowel bar 5 and cover plate 1 simultaneously, evenly smear the high-durability fluid sealant on the contact surface between cover plate 1 and the pressure sensor housing 6.On said pressure sensor housing 6, has an optical fiber fairlead (figure does not show); The described optical fiber 81 of drawing is drawn through said optical fiber fairlead; The screw thread of after pressure sensor housing 6 and the connecting portion of drawing optical fiber are evenly smeared the high-durability fluid sealant, screwing; Guarantee sealing, connect the armouring optical cable at last, the optical fiber fairlead also will use the sealing of high-durability fluid sealant.
Secondly; Carry out the making of coal bed gas well temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92; Temperature fiber grating 7 is packaged in temperature pick up housing 4 inside; On said temperature pick up housing 4, have an optical fiber fairlead (figure does not show), the described optical fiber 82 of drawing is drawn through said optical fiber fairlead, draws and uses the sealing of high-durability fluid sealant between optical fiber 82 and the optical fiber fairlead; Guarantee that the temperature fiber grating does not receive extraneous stress effect, utilizes bonding adhesive that temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92 closely is connected with pressure fiber-optic grating sensor 91 at last.
As shown in Figure 3; Pressure fiber-optic grating sensor of the present invention 91, temperature fiber-optic grating sensor 92 are laid in the oil pipe external surface and are close to oil pipe and lay, and promptly the oil pipe external surface is close in the bottom surface of pressure sensor housing 6, outside the circular flat diaphragm that said cover plate 1 upper end is provided with rushes at; Experience water pressure; When the coal bed gas well water pressure was measured, the coal bed gas well water pressure acted on circular flat diaphragm surface equably, makes circular flat diaphragm generation amount of deflection crooked; Circular flat diaphragm is converted into concentrated force with uniform pressure simultaneously, acts on equi intensity cantilever 2 free ends through dowel bar 5, and equi intensity cantilever 2 is deformed; Stick on the pressure fiber grating 3 and equi intensity cantilever 2 compatible deformations of equi intensity cantilever 2 upper surfaces, centre wavelength changes.Using optical fibre grating (FBG) demodulator 12 is measured its wavelength at this moment, and can try to achieve the seepage water pressure value with coal bed gas well water pressure-wavelength curve of demarcating in advance.For temperature-compensating,, therefore can realize temperature self-compensation fully because this structure adopts the double optical fiber grating parallel-connection structure.Equally, when environment temperature was measured, temperature fiber grating 7 was under temperature effect, and centre wavelength is drifted about, and using optical fibre grating (FBG) demodulator 12 is measured its wavelength at this moment, and can try to achieve ambient temperature value with temperature-wavelength curve of demarcating in advance.
Above-mentioned working pressure, temperature fiber-optic grating sensor carry out the specific as follows of coal bed gas well level monitoring method:
Use UV-irradiation optical fiber, form uniform lattice, incident light is reflected the light of specific wavelength at the grid place; The light transmission of its commplementary wave length; Through the variation of monitoring reverberation or transmission light wavelength reaction extraneous circumstance, when receiving ambient pressure (or temperature), grating does the time spent, and the grating cycle can change; Photoelastic effect can cause the grating effective refractive index to change simultaneously, and grating centre wavelength also changes thereupon.Fiber grating changes with the mathematical relationship of self strain (ε) and variations in temperature (Δ T) following:
Δλ
B＝α
εε+α
TΔT (1)
α ε is the sensitivity coefficient of optical grating axial strain and center wavelength variation relation in the formula (1);
α T is the sensitivity coefficient of fiber grating temperature sensor.
Consider that temperature-compensating has formula (2) and formula (3):
Δλ
BS＝C
εΔ
εS+C
TΔT
S (2)
Δλ
BT＝C
εΔε
T+C
TΔT
T (3)
In formula (2) and the formula (3), Δ λ
BS, Δ λ
BT, Δ ε
S, Δ ε
T, Δ T
S, Δ T
TBe respectively the center wavelength variation amount of fiber bragg grating pressure sensor and optical fiber grating temperature compensation sensor, strain variation amount, temperature variation, wherein Δ ε
T=0, Δ T
S=Δ T
T, C
T, C
εRepresent the optical fiber grating temperature and the coefficient of strain respectively.
The relation between optical fiber self strain (ε) and the extraneous radial pressure (P) of considering has formula (4):
E is the fiber grating modulus of elasticity in the formula (4); V is the fiber grating poisson's ratio.
In this scheme, fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is laid in certain point under the coal bed gas well, after the account temperature compensation, can obtain this some place pressure under the coal bed gas well, formula (5):
P＝(Δλ
BS-Δλ
BT)E/2vC
ε (5)
Can know by formula (2), (3), this temperature under the coal bed gas well, formula (6):
ΔT
T＝Δλ
BT/C
T (6)
In sum, when the present invention measured the coal bed gas well water pressure, the coal bed gas well water pressure acted on circular flat diaphragm surface equably, makes circular flat diaphragm generation amount of deflection crooked; Circular flat diaphragm is converted into concentrated force with uniform pressure simultaneously, acts on equi intensity cantilever 2 free ends through dowel bar, and equi intensity cantilever 2 is deformed; Stick on the fiber grating and equi intensity cantilever 2 compatible deformations of equi intensity cantilever 2 upper surfaces, centre wavelength changes, and this moment, the using optical fibre grating (FBG) demodulator was measured its wavelength, can calculate certain some place force value under the coal bed gas well by above-mentioned formula.For temperature-compensating, because this structure adopts the double optical fiber grating parallel-connection structure, therefore can know through analyzing, can realize temperature self-compensation fully.Equally, when environment temperature was measured, the temperature fiber grating was under temperature effect, and centre wavelength is drifted about, and this moment, the using optical fibre grating (FBG) demodulator was measured its wavelength, and can calculate the temperature value under the coal bed gas well by above-mentioned formula.
Compared with prior art; Using optical fibre grating of the present invention is measured the coal bed gas well water pressure; Also have temperature self-compensation function and the function of measuring temperature; The deformation characteristic that it has utilized sensing characteristics and round and elastic gland-dowel bar-equi intensity cantilever flexible member combination of fiber grating has advantages such as compact conformation, long-time stability are good, good endurance, anti-electromagnetic interference.
What should explain at last is: above embodiment is only in order to explaining technical scheme of the present invention, but not to its restriction; Although with reference to previous embodiment the present invention has been carried out detailed explanation, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that previous embodiment is put down in writing, and perhaps part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these are revised or replacement, do not make the spirit and the scope of the essence disengaging embodiment of the invention technical scheme of relevant art scheme.
Claims (9)
1. coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on a Fibre Optical Sensor is characterized in that it comprises:
The pressure fiber-optic grating sensor, it is laid in the oil pipe external surface, through experiencing the oil pipe external pressure centre wavelength of fiber grating is changed;
The temperature fiber-optic grating sensor, it is laid in the oil pipe external surface, through experiencing the outer temperature of oil pipe the centre wavelength of fiber grating is changed;
Laser instrument, it is used for output beam;
Coupler, its input receives the output beam of said laser instrument, and it is passed to described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor and temperature fiber-optic grating sensor;
(FBG) demodulator; Its signal input part links to each other with the light signal output end of described coupler; Be used to monitor the variation of said pressure fiber-optic grating sensor centre wavelength and the variation of temperature fiber-optic grating sensor centre wavelength, and then record the pressure and temperature of coal bed gas well.
2. coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pressure fiber-optic grating sensor comprises:
The pressure sensor housing is provided with a cover plate on it, described cover plate upper end is provided with circular flat diaphragm, and a pressure is implemented on the circular flat diaphragm of said cover plate, and described cover plate lower end connects a dowel bar;
Equi intensity cantilever; It is arranged in the said pressure sensor housing; And be meshed with said dowel bar, described equi intensity cantilever upper surface has a groove, and said groove is provided with the pressure fiber grating; Described pressure fiber grating is drawn outside optical fiber to the said pressure sensor housing, and this is drawn optical fiber and connects said coupler.
3. coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Described temperature fiber-optic grating sensor comprises the temperature pick up housing, and described temperature pick up housing closely is connected with described pressure sensor housing, is provided with the temperature fiber grating in the described temperature pick up housing; Described temperature fiber grating is drawn another and is drawn optical fiber to the said temperature pick up housing, this another draw optical fiber and connect said coupler.
4. coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that described equi intensity cantilever is fixed in the said pressure sensor housing through high-performance adhesive.
5. coal bed gas well pressure, temperature monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the contact surface between described cover plate and the said pressure sensor housing is evenly smeared the high-durability fluid sealant.
6. the coal bed gas well level monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Has an optical fiber fairlead on the said pressure sensor housing; The described optical fiber of drawing is drawn through said optical fiber fairlead, and described optical fiber fairlead is through the sealing of high-durability fluid sealant.
7. the coal bed gas well level monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Has an optical fiber fairlead on the said temperature pick up housing; Described another drawn optical fiber and drawn through said optical fiber fairlead, and described optical fiber fairlead is through the sealing of high-durability fluid sealant.
8. the coal bed gas well level monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, utilizes following formula to try to achieve coal bed gas well pressure:
P＝(Δλ
BS-Δλ
BT)E/2vC
ε
Wherein, Δ λ
BS, Δ λ
BTBe respectively the center wavelength variation amount of fiber bragg grating pressure sensor and optical fiber grating temperature compensation sensor, it is measured by (FBG) demodulator; E is the fiber grating modulus of elasticity; V is the fiber grating poisson's ratio; C
εRepresent the fiber grating strain coefficient respectively.
9. the coal bed gas well level monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, utilizes following formula to try to achieve the coal bed gas well temperature:
ΔT
T＝Δλ
BT/C
T
Wherein, Δ λ
BTBe the center wavelength variation amount of optical fiber grating temperature compensation sensor, it is measured by (FBG) demodulator; C
TExpression optical fiber grating temperature coefficient.
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