CN102559906A - 一种鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的特异引物及鉴别方法 - Google Patents

一种鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的特异引物及鉴别方法 Download PDF

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CN102559906A
CN102559906A CN2012100241013A CN201210024101A CN102559906A CN 102559906 A CN102559906 A CN 102559906A CN 2012100241013 A CN2012100241013 A CN 2012100241013A CN 201210024101 A CN201210024101 A CN 201210024101A CN 102559906 A CN102559906 A CN 102559906A
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CN102559906B (zh
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李树红
柴红梅
赵永昌
张小雷
苏开美
赵静
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Biotechnology and Germplasm Resource Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明是一种鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌( T.microsporus )的特异引物及鉴别方法。特异引物TMf和TMr,其DNA序列为:TMf:GTCTTTCKCCATCCCAACCAACG;TMr:GAATCCAAACMACTCCAGCCCCG。通过牛肝菌样品DNA提取、以该DNA为PCR扩增的模板,用特异引物TMf和TMr进行PCR扩增、PCR扩增产物在浓度为1%的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,锈化乙锭染色,紫外透射仪检测扩增片段来进行鉴别混合牛肝菌样品中是否混有食毒不清的小孢粉孢牛肝菌。本发明的方法具有快速和高效的特点,一般从拿到牛肝菌混合样品到鉴定出结果仅需2-3小时。

Description

一种鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的特异引物及鉴别方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种小孢粉孢牛肝菌(Tylopilus microsporus S.Z.Fu,Q.B.Wang & Y.J.Yao) 的特异引物及其PCR 鉴别方法,属于利用分子生物学方法鉴别食毒不清牛肝菌技术领域。
背景技术                       
云南特殊的立体气候、复杂的土壤结构和丰富的植物物种及其多样的植被类型,孕育了丰富的野生菌资源多样性,其中牛肝菌又是种类最多的野生菌资源,这些资源在增加山区农户家庭收入中有重要的作用,有的偏远地区,野生菌的收入约占家庭年收入1/3-1/2。
在野生菌资源中牛肝菌资源是分布最广、种类最多、形态相似性较高、形态学鉴定相对较难、资源量最大的类群。牛肝菌类群真菌组织呈肉质、易生虫和腐烂,所以为了便于储藏和携带,牛肝菌常常被加工成干片销售,而牛肝菌经加工成干片后形态变化大,导致品质高的和品质低的混淆,有毒种和可食种或食毒不清的种混淆,导致野生食用菌产品混淆严重,品质层次不齐,给消费者人生安全带来潜在危害。小孢粉孢牛肝菌( T. microsporus )在云南分布区域广、产量高、可食性不清晰,采集者和中间贸易商常常将其加工成干片混于其它可食或品质较高的牛肝菌中销售,偶有造成中毒事件发生。而目前鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的方法主要是形态学分类法。要从混杂的商品牛肝菌中准确鉴别出食毒不清的小孢粉孢牛肝菌需要有一定大型真菌分类学基础,但消费者往往不具备这方面的知识,因此,一方面导致中毒事件的发生,另一方面,纵容了不法经销商。目前,国内外对小孢粉孢牛肝菌的研究主要集中的形态分类及系统学研究方面,应用其特异引物对该菌进行快速鉴别或检测的研究未见报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种小孢粉孢牛肝菌鉴别的PCR方法及其特异引物,能对混合牛肝菌样品或小孢粉孢牛肝菌进行快速鉴别。
每一个物种都有其独有的遗传物质DNA,它不会随环境及表型变化而变化。随着分子生物学的快速发展,在细胞外进行物种特有DNA片段或序列操作成为了现实,即运用物种的特异引物,通过PCR扩增,并应用琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其特有片段,实现物种的快速鉴别成为现实。
本发明设计了鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的特异引物TMf和TMr,其DNA 序列为:
TMf:GTC TTT CKC CAT CCC AAC CAA CG
TMr:GAA TCC AAA CMA CTC CAG CCC CG
用上述特异引物鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的方法按以下步骤进行:
1)牛肝菌样品DNA提取;
2)以上述DNA为模板,用特异引物TMf和TMr进行PCR扩增反应,扩增条件:94℃变性5 min,然后进入连续35个循环(94℃变性0.5 min,58.2℃退火0.5 min,72℃延伸2 min),循环结束后于72℃延伸5 min;
3)取上述PCR扩增产物在质量浓度为1%的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,锈化乙锭染色,紫外透射仪检测扩增片段有无及大小,鉴别牛肝菌样品中是否混有食毒不清的小孢粉孢牛肝菌。 
本发明的方法采用一对特异引物,通过PCR反应即能有效地鉴别混合牛肝菌中是否混有小孢粉孢牛肝菌。具有快速和高效的特点,一般从拿到牛肝菌混合样品到鉴定出结果仅需2-3小时。这对打击掺假的不法商贩,从源头上净化牛肝菌市场,有效保护消费者的食用安全具有重要的实际意义。
附图说明
图1为牛肝菌混合样品中小孢粉孢牛肝菌特异引物扩增的DNA片段琼脂糖凝胶电泳图,电泳图说明见表1。
表1  
序号 A B C
样品 Mark 表2 表3
(表2与表3 混合牛肝菌样品物种目录的区别在于表2中有L123 Tylopilus microsporus,而表3中没有,Mark 的分子量为2)。
具体实施方式
实施例
1、混合牛肝菌样品采集目录,见表2和表3。
表2混合牛肝菌样品物种目录1
采集号 学名
L063 Suillus bovinus
L123 Tylopilus microsporus
L134 Tylopilus virens
L163 Heimioporus retisporus
L182 Boletus bicolor
L199 Strobilomyces confusus
L311 Retiboletus griseus
L316 Boletus violaceo-fuscus
L518 Boletus luridus
L520 Tylopilus eximius
L536 Chiua virens
L571 Boletus aestivalis
L665 Phylloporus rhodoxanthus
L725 Leccinum vesipelle
L753 Boletus appendiculatus
L754 Boletus subtomentosus
L1024 Boletus sinicus
L1046 Boletus brunneissimus
表3 混合牛肝菌样品物种目录2
采集号 学名
L063 Suillus bovinus
L134 Tylopilus virens
L163 Heimioporus retisporus
L182 Boletus bicolor
L199 Strobilomyces confusus
L311 Retiboletus griseus
L316 Boletus violaceo-fuscus
L518 Boletus luridus
L520 Tylopilus eximius
L536 Chiua virens
L571 Boletus aestivalis
L665 Phylloporus rhodoxanthus
L725 Leccinum vesipelle
L753 Boletus appendiculatus
L754 Boletus subtomentosus
L1024 Boletus sinicus
L1046 Boletus brunneissimus
2、DNA提取:(CTAB法)选取没有虫蛀的牛肝菌样品,取适量菌肉放入2μL离心管中,向离心管中加入液氮后将菌肉磨碎成粉末状;向装有菌肉粉末的离心管中加入700μL 65℃预热的CTAB提取缓冲液,轻轻振荡混匀后放于65℃水中水浴30min,水浴期间轻轻振荡2-3次;水浴30min后将离心管取出,向离心管中加入230μL 5MKAc后,将离心管放入0℃碎冰中冰浴20min;取出离心管并向离心管中加入930μL氯仿:异戊醇(24:1)抽提1次(10,000rpm,4℃离心10min),取上清装入2μL离心管中,向离心管中加入上清液2/3倍体积的-20℃预冷异丙醇,混匀,-20℃静置约30min后离心(8000rpm,4℃离心8min),倒弃上清液,留沉淀,用500μL 80%乙醇和500μL无水乙醇各漂洗沉淀1次,晾干,向离心管中加入500μL TEbuffer 溶液和20μL RNAase(1mg/mL),37℃温浴1h后加入520μL酚(pH8.0):氯仿:异戊醇(25:24:1)和520μL氯仿:异戊醇(24:1)各抽提1次(10,000rpm,4℃离心10min),取离心管中的上清液转入另一个新的2μL离心管中,向离心管中加入上清液2/3倍体积的异丙醇轻摇,沉淀过夜;取出离心管离心(10,000rpm,4℃离心10min),弃上清液,留沉淀,沉淀用500μL 80%乙醇漂洗1次,晾干,溶于30ulTEbuffer溶液中,-20℃保存备用。
3、PCR扩增反应程序:以上述DNA为模板,用特异引物TMf和TMr进行PCR扩增反应,特异引物TMf和TMr的DNA 序列为:
TMf:GTC TTT CKC CAT CCC AAC CAA CG
TMr:GAA TCC AAA CMA CTC CAG CCC CG 。
扩增条件为:94℃变性5 min,然后进入35个循环(94℃变性0.5 min,58.2℃退火0.5 min,72℃延伸2 min),循环结束后于72℃延伸5 min。将PCR产物在质量浓度为1%的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,锈化乙锭染色,紫外透射仪检测扩增片段。如能检测到分子量为396bp的单一DNA条带,即说明混合牛肝菌样品中混有小孢粉孢牛肝菌,没检测到分子量为396bp的单一DNA条带,即说明混合牛肝菌样品中没有混有小孢粉孢牛肝菌。 

Claims (3)

1.一种鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌鉴的特异引物,其特征在于特异引物TMf和TMr,其DNA序列为:
TMf:GTC TTT CKC CAT CCC AAC CAA CG
TMr:GAA TCC AAA CMA CTC CAG CCC CG 。
2.一种用权利要求1所述的特异引物鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的方法,其特征在于按以下步骤进行:
(1)牛肝菌样品DNA提取;
(2)以上述DNA为PCR扩增的模板,用特异引物TMf和TMr进行PCR扩增;
(3)取上述(2)的PCR扩增产物在质量浓度为1%的琼脂糖凝胶上电泳,锈化乙锭染色,紫外透射仪检测扩增片段有无及大小。
3.根据权利要求2所述的特异引物鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中PCR扩增条件是:94℃变性5 min,然后进入连续35个循环,每个循环为94℃变性0.5 min,58.2℃退火0.5 min,72℃延伸2 min,循环结束后于72℃延伸5 min。
CN2012100241013A 2012-02-03 2012-02-03 一种鉴别小孢粉孢牛肝菌的特异引物及鉴别方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102559906B (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN113502344A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-10-15 江苏农林职业技术学院 一种鉴别粘盖乳牛肝菌的核酸分子引物、方法及试剂盒

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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李树红等: "云南商品牛肝菌中易混淆毒牛肝系统学研究", 《中国食用菌》 *
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赵永昌等: "云南美味牛肝菌ITS区域结构特点", 《云南植物研究》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113502344A (zh) * 2021-04-09 2021-10-15 江苏农林职业技术学院 一种鉴别粘盖乳牛肝菌的核酸分子引物、方法及试剂盒
CN113502344B (zh) * 2021-04-09 2022-03-18 江苏农林职业技术学院 一种鉴别粘盖乳牛肝菌的核酸分子引物、方法及试剂盒

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