CN102549278B - 球滚子轴承 - Google Patents

球滚子轴承 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102549278B
CN102549278B CN201080041663.8A CN201080041663A CN102549278B CN 102549278 B CN102549278 B CN 102549278B CN 201080041663 A CN201080041663 A CN 201080041663A CN 102549278 B CN102549278 B CN 102549278B
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retainer
ball roller
cage
rib
bearing
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CN102549278A (zh
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海因里希·霍夫曼
安德烈亚什-约翰·波尔
恩斯特·盖格尔
奥特马尔·韦伯
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/24Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/26Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for radial load mainly with a single row of rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/34Rollers; Needles
    • F16C33/36Rollers; Needles with bearing-surfaces other than cylindrical, e.g. tapered; with grooves in the bearing surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/54Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal
    • F16C33/542Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal
    • F16C33/543Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part
    • F16C33/545Cages for rollers or needles made from wire, strips, or sheet metal made from sheet metal from a single part rolled from a band
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种球滚子轴承(1),球滚子轴承(1)由外轴承圈(2)和内轴承圈(3)以及大量布置在这些轴承圈(2、3)之间的球滚子(4)构成,这些球滚子(4)在加工到外轴承圈(2)和内轴承圈(3)内的两个槽状滚道(8、9)内滚动,并且通过轴承保持架(10)以彼此相同的间距加以保持。在此,轴承保持架(10)构造为窗式保持架,轴承保持架(10)具有绕两个环绕式翻边棱(11、12)朝内轴承圈(3)折弯的而且通过多个兜孔撑条(13)相互连接的两个侧向保持架挡边(14、15),轴承保持架(10)的各通过兜孔撑条(13)彼此分开的保持架兜孔(16)分别具有十字孔形状,这种十字孔形状由球滚子(4)的顺着周向布置的截面型廓(17)以及由用于将球滚子(4)装入轴承保持架(10)内的整合于轴承保持架(10)中的相对于周向横向布置的留空型廓(18)来形成。依据本发明,轴承保持架(10)的每个保持架兜孔(16)内的留空型廓(18)以扩展到矩形的几何形状的方式来构成,并且同时保持架挡边(14、15)的翻边棱(11、12)分别通过环绕式的线形的滚压处理部(19、20)而在其材料厚度上相对于轴承保持架(10)的其余材料厚度有所减小地构成。

Description

球滚子轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分所述特征的单列球滚子轴承,该球滚子轴承例如特别具有优点地可以用作机动车(Kfz)变速器驱动轴或从动轴的固定轴承。
背景技术
球滚子轴承是具有构造为球滚子的特殊滚动体的滚动轴承,这些球滚子自球基本形状出发具有各两个由该球基本形状削平的、彼此平行布置的侧面,在这些侧面之间分别布置有球滚子的滚动面。这种类型的球滚子轴承以极其不同的结构作为单列、双列、三或还有四列的深沟球轴承或角接触球轴承而普遍公知,并且基于特殊的滚动体形状还需要特殊的保持架实施方案,以便一方面对球滚子相对于轴承纵轴线的最大倾斜位置加以界定,以及另一方面避免球滚子横向于其回转方向发生摆晃。
形成类属的单列球滚子轴承例如由至本专利申请的申请时间点尚未公开的官方案号为102008016977.3的德国专利申请在先公开,并主要由外轴承圈和内轴承圈以及大量布置在这些轴承圈之间的球滚子构成,这些球滚子以其滚动面在两个加工到外轴承圈的内侧和内轴承圈的外侧中的槽状滚道内滚动,并且在周向上通过轴承保持架以彼此相同的间距加以保持。这种轴承保持架适当地构造为窗式保持架,其具有绕两个环绕式翻边棱朝向内轴承圈折弯的两个侧向保持架挡边,用以轴向引导球滚子,并通过多个兜孔撑条相互连接。在此,轴承保持架的各通过兜孔撑条彼此分开的保持架兜孔分别具有十字孔形状,这种十字孔形状由球滚子的顺着周向布置的截面型廓以及由用于将球滚子装入轴承保持架内的整合于轴承保持架中的相对于周向横向布置的留空型廓来形成。在此,保持架兜孔的顺着周向布置的截面型廓相应于布置在球滚子横向轴线上方的截平面,而保持架兜孔的相对于周向横向布置的留空型廓则具有直接布置在球滚子横向轴线上的截平面的形状。为制造这种轴承保持架,一般使用片材带,片材带通过对保持架挡边的造型、冲压保持架兜孔、根据圆周尺寸进行长度截取、卷成圈和焊接圈端部来进行最终加工。
但实践表明,制造呈所述形式的轴承保持架带伴随有特殊的技术问题,而且轴承保持架的功能在质量上也不能完全符合所提出的要求。这一点首先与成型到片材带上的保持架挡边相关,由于该保持架挡边,在将保持架卷成圈时出现材料收束(Materialeinschnürung),这种材料收束是保持架挡边不具有光滑和平整的表面,而具有波浪状表面的原因。事实证明同样极其困难的是,这种保持架挡边在将球滚子装入球滚子轴承后,为对球滚子轴承进行轴向引导而进一步朝球滚子的侧面方向上翻边,因为翻边棱具有很高的刚度并由此在已装填的轴承上对保持架挡边进行翻边时,导致轴承保持架上进一步变形。此外,轴承保持架的通过保持架兜孔的圆形十字孔形状而在其朝保持架挡边的过渡部处相当宽并因此非常具有刚度地构成的兜孔撑条促成了:该轴承保持架在其最终形状上并非圆形,而是多边形地构成。
发明内容
从所公开的现有技术的所述缺点出发,本发明因此基于如下任务,即:构造一种球滚子轴承,该球滚子轴承的轴承保持架在结构上这样构成,即:使轴承保持架的兜孔撑条确保圆形的保持架最终形状,并且轴承保持架的保持架挡边在卷成圈后具有光滑的表面,并且在朝球滚子侧面的方向进行收尾的进一步的翻边后,未引起轴承保持架处的进一步变形。
根据本发明,所述任务在依照权利要求1前序部分的球滚子轴承中以如下方式解决,即:轴承保持架的每个保持架兜孔中的留空型廓以扩展到矩形的几何形状的方式来构造,并且保持架挡边的翻边棱分别通过环绕式的线形的滚压处理部(Rollierung)而在其材料厚度方面相对于轴承保持架的余下材料厚度有所减小地构造。
在此,本发明基于这种认识,即:通过将每个保持架挡边的圆形留空型廓扩展到矩形形状,在不限制轴承保持架功能的情况下,可行的是:保持架兜孔之间的兜孔撑条在其朝向保持架挡边的过渡部处可以更窄地构成并因此以如下方式减小兜孔撑条的刚度,使轴承保持架在卷成圈后在其最终形状上具有所要求的圆度。此外,通过对翻边棱的滚压处理(Rollieren)也这样减小其刚度,使保持架卷成圈时保持架挡边处的材料收束降到最低,并且保持架挡边具有光滑和平整的表面。同时通过翻边棱的滚压处理还使得在朝球滚子的侧面方向上进行收尾的进一步翻边时,可改型性明显变得容易,从而在此也不引起轴承保持架上的进一步变形,并且改善了轴承保持架的尺寸稳定性。
依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承的优选构造方案和改进方案在从属权利要求中有所介绍。
因此,依据权利要求2,在依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承中,留空型廓矩形的短边以延伸直至或几乎直至保持架挡边的翻边棱而且与翻边棱平行走向的方式布置。利用这种构成方案实现的是:兜孔撑条的宽度在其朝向保持架挡边的过渡部处直接最小化直至达到保持架挡边,以便实现尽可能的刚度降低。
作为依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承的具有优点的构造方案,通过权利要求3还提出,每个保持架兜孔内的留空型廓附加地构造有加工到矩形的长边内的而且延长该矩形的短边的切槽部。通过这种措施因此可以进一步降低兜孔撑条在其朝向保持架挡边过渡部处的宽度,从而在轴承保持架卷成圈时实现最大程度的易弯性和轴承保持架具有所要求的圆度。特别具有优点的是,在此,切槽部呈半圆形、三角形或四边形地构成。
附图说明
下面参照附图对依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承的优选实施方式进行详细说明。在此:
图1示出依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承的立体总图;
图2示出图1中依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承的立体截面图;
图3示出依照图4的依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承保持架的剖面A-A;
图4示出依照图3的依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承保持架的剖面B-B;
图5示出依照图4的依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承保持架细部X的放大图;
图6示出依照图3的依据本发明构成的球滚子轴承保持架的剖面C-C。
具体实施方式
从图1和2清楚看出球滚子轴承1,球滚子轴承1主要由外轴承圈2和内轴承圈3以及大量布置在这些轴承圈2、3之间的球滚子4构成,这些球滚子4以其滚动面5在加工到外轴承圈2的内侧6和内轴承圈3的外侧7内的两个槽状滚道8、9内滚动,并且在周向上通过轴承保持架10以彼此相同的间距加以保持。在此,轴承保持架10如图3和4所示地构造为窗式保持架,该窗式保持架具有绕两个环绕式翻边棱11、12朝内轴承圈3折弯的两个侧向保持架挡边14、15,用以轴向引导球滚子4,所述保持架挡边14、15通过多个兜孔撑条13相互连接。在此,轴承保持架的各通过兜孔撑条13彼此分开的保持架兜孔16清楚看出分别具有十字孔形状,这种形状如图5所示由球滚子4的顺着周向布置而且通过点状辅助线表示的截面型廓17以及由用于将球滚子4装入轴承保持架10内的整合于轴承保持架中的相对于周向横向布置而且通过虚线辅助线表示的留空型廓18来形成。
因此通过图5清楚看出,轴承保持架10的每个保持架兜孔16内的留空型廓18依据本发明以扩展到矩形的以加点面示出的几何形状的方式来构造,以便使保持架兜孔16之间的兜孔撑条13在其朝向保持架挡边14、15的过渡部处更窄地构成,并且进而减小其刚度。在此,留空型廓18矩形的短边21、22清楚看出以几乎一直延伸到保持架挡边14、15的翻边棱11、12而且与翻边棱11、12平行走向的方式来布置。附加地,每个保持架兜孔16内的留空型廓18构造有加工到矩形的长边23、24内的而且延长留空型廓18的短边21、22的切槽部25、26、27、28,以便因此进一步降低兜孔撑条13在其朝向保持架挡边14、15过渡部处的宽度,并在轴承保持架10卷成圈时实现最大程度的易弯性。
从图6最后还看出,此外保持架挡边14、15的翻边棱11、12分别通过环绕式的线形的滚压处理部19、20而在其材料厚度上相对于轴承保持架10的其余材料厚度有所减小地构造。由此,也以如下方式减小翻边棱11、12的刚度,即:在制造保持架时使保持架挡边14、15处的材料收束降到最低限度,并且在朝球滚子4的侧面方向上进行收尾的翻边时不引起在轴承保持架10处的进一步变形。此外,翻边棱11、12上的滚压处理部19、20可以使保持架挡边14、15在径向上比图6中所示的形状更长地构成,并且必要时以环绕式的筋条来加固。由此,这种轴承保持架10也适合于伴随有非常高的轴向负荷和变换地轴向加载负荷的应用,其中,在这种情况下有利的是:经加长的保持架挡边14、15为降低磨损而附加地被部分加以硬化或涂层。
附图标记列表
1球滚子轴承
2外轴承圈
3内轴承圈
4球滚子
5滚动面
6外轴承圈2的内侧
7内轴承圈3的外侧
8内侧6内的滚道
9外侧7内的滚道
10轴承保持架
11翻边棱
12翻边棱
13兜孔撑条
14保持架挡边
15保持架挡边
16保持架兜孔
17保持架兜孔16内球滚子4的截面型廓
18保持架兜孔16内的留空型廓
19翻边棱11内的滚压处理部
20翻边棱12内的滚压处理部
21留空型廓18的短边
22留空型廓18的短边
23留空型廓18的长边
24留空型廓18的长边
25长边23内的切槽部
26长边23内的切槽部
27长边24内的切槽部
28长边24内的切槽部

Claims (3)

1.球滚子轴承(1),主要由外轴承圈(2)和内轴承圈(3)以及大量布置在这些轴承圈(2、3)之间的球滚子(4)构成,所述球滚子(4)以所述球滚子(4)的滚动面(5)在加工到所述外轴承圈(2)的内侧(6)和所述内轴承圈(3)的外侧(7)内的两个槽状滚道(8、9)内滚动,并且在周向上通过轴承保持架(10)以彼此相同的间距加以保持,其中,所述轴承保持架(10)构成为窗式保持架,所述轴承保持架(10)具有绕两个环绕式翻边棱(11、12)朝所述内轴承圈(3)折弯的而且通过多个兜孔撑条(13)相互连接的两个侧向保持架挡边(14、15),用以轴向引导球滚子(4),所述轴承保持架(10)的各通过所述兜孔撑条(13)彼此分开的保持架兜孔(16)分别具有十字孔形状,所述十字孔形状由所述球滚子(4)的顺着周向布置的截面型廓(17)以及由用于将所述球滚子(4)装入所述轴承保持架(10)内的整合于所述轴承保持架(10)中的相对于周向横向布置的留空型廓(18)来形成,其特征在于,所述轴承保持架(10)的每个保持架兜孔(16)内的所述留空型廓(18)以扩展到矩形的几何形状的方式来构成,并且所述保持架挡边(14、15)的所述翻边棱(11、12)分别通过环绕式的线形的滚压处理部(19、20)而在所述翻边棱(11、12)的材料厚度上相对于所述轴承保持架(10)的其余材料厚度有所减小地构成。
2.按权利要求1所述的球滚子轴承,其特征在于,所述留空型廓(18)的所述矩形的短边(21、22)以延伸直至或几乎直至所述保持架挡边(14、15)的所述翻边棱(11、12)并且与所述翻边棱(11、12)平行走向的方式来布置。
3.按权利要求1所述的球滚子轴承,其特征在于,每个保持架兜孔(16)内的所述留空型廓(18)附加构造有加工到所述矩形的长边(23、24)内的并且延长所述矩形的短边(21、22)的切槽部(25、26、27、28)。
CN201080041663.8A 2009-09-18 2010-08-19 球滚子轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN102549278B (zh)

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US8596873B2 (en) 2013-12-03
EP2478235B1 (de) 2015-11-04
KR20120060851A (ko) 2012-06-12
US20120170885A1 (en) 2012-07-05
DE102009042076A1 (de) 2011-03-24

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