CN102547310A

CN102547310A - High-definition stereoscopic display

Info

Publication number: CN102547310A
Application number: CN2010105874155A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 薄淑英
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-12-15
Filing date: 2010-12-15
Publication date: 2012-07-04

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-definition automatic stereoscopic display, which comprises a stereoscopic image player, an LCD (liquid crystal display) with high refresh rate and a grating with oblique grains. An odd and even field switching layer is assorted between the grating with the oblique grains and the LCD, odd-row pixels of a stereoscopic image are combined to form an odd-field image, even-row pixels of the stereoscopic image are combined to form an even-field image, the odd-field image and the even-field image are alternately displayed on the LCD screen capable of realizing frequency doubling scanning in a point-to-point manner, longitudinal definition of the stereoscopic image can be doubled, and besides the function of displaying the stereoscopic image, high-definition planar images or characters can be directly displayed without 2D (two-dimensional)/3D (three-dimensional) conversion.

Description

The high definition three-dimensional display

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of automatic stereoscopic display device, more particularly, relate to a kind of automatic stereoscopic display device of high definition, said automatic stereoscopic display device can be used for stereoscopic TV, 3D game machine, 3D video ads etc.

Background technology:

Three-dimensional display has and contains much information, can the three-dimensional information of actual scene all be reproduced the characteristics of coming out, and make the beholder can from display, directly find out distance, the depth of each object the image, so the beholder can obtain information more comprehensively and intuitively.Traditional three-dimensional display needs the beholder to wear polarising glass, macyscope or liquid crystal shutter glasses and so on aid, although have good stereoeffect, in many occasions and inapplicable.

In recent years; The automatic stereo technology of not using glasses is by research energetically; Its representative is the grating stereo Display Technique, and it forms by installing grating additional on the 2D two-way array display, and it is rear-mounted to be divided into grating forward type and grating; Be grating can be between backlight and matrix display panel or matrix display panel towards that face of spectators, grating can be column mirror grating or slit grating.The grating automatic stereo shows that be divided into the binocular parallax formula again shows with multi-viewpoint three-dimensional, and wherein multi-viewpoint three-dimensional shows to have the good degree of freedom and the comfort level of watching, and is fit to many people and watches simultaneously, becomes the emphasis of development and application.

In multi-viewpoint three-dimensional shows, in order to improve lateral resolution, and avoid color aliasing phenomenon, voxel to take two kinds of arrangement modes as shown in Figure 1, R, G, B sub-pixel are from upper right complete pixel of combination down left.Multi-viewpoint three-dimensional images displayed resolution is lower, and particularly vertical resolution is reduced to 1/3 of 2D image, therefore is not suitable for showing meticulous image and literal; For harmless lost territory shows high-precision 2D image and literal; But person skilled has been developed the grating of 2D/3D conversion, and when playing three-dimensional program, grating is in the 3D state; When playing the plane program, grating is in the 2D state.

Summary of the invention:

The invention discloses a kind of structure and principle of three-dimensional display, purpose is to provide a kind of auto-stereoscopic display that can show stereo-picture with higher definition, need not be transformed into the 2D display mode, also can play-over the 2D/3D program of high definition.

Three-dimensional display is by the LCD and the twill optical grating constitution of stereo-picture player, high refresh rate.The stereo-picture player can be accomplished the decompression of video image, and is three-dimensional synthetic, decomposes the parity field image, functions such as full HD frequency multiplication broadcast; The twill grating can be a column mirror grating, also can be slit grating, can freely show stereo-picture and video; Between twill grating and LCD, perhaps dispose a parity field switchable layer between LCD and the backlight.Every frame stereo-picture pixel wide is identical with LCD; Pixels tall is the twice of LCD; With the synthetic strange field picture of the odd-numbered line pixel groups of stereo-picture; The even number line pixel groups is synthesized even field picture, and strange field picture and even field picture point-to-point Alternation Display on the LCD of frequency multiplication scanning screen can double the vertical resolution of stereo-picture.

Description of drawings:

For the convenience of narrating, before technical scheme, earlier accompanying drawing is explained.

Fig. 1 is a prior art stereoscopic display screen dot structure sketch map.Each both full-pixel is arranged about by RGB three subpixels and is constituted; It is square pixel; A both full-pixel is split into 3 subpixels to be used; Under a left side, be reassembled into new RGB voxel from upper right, the mode that prior art is combined into voxel has two kinds, and wherein the constituted mode of voxel (7) is:

R?B?G? G?R?B? B?G?R? R?B?G? G?R?B? B?G?R…… R?B?G? G?R?B? B?G?R

The angle that constitutes with horizontal direction is 77.47 °, cooperates with 77.47 ° twill grating, has stereo display effect preferably, can eliminate the color aliasing.The constituted mode of voxel (8) is:

R?B?G? R?B?G? R?B?G? R?B?G? R?B?G? R?B?G…… R?B?G? R?B?G? R?B?G

The angle that constitutes with horizontal direction is 71.57 °, cooperates with 71.57 ° twill grating, has stereo display effect preferably, can eliminate the color aliasing.Also there are two kinds from left to bottom right symmetrical voxel structure, with above-mentioned two kinds of equivalences fully, explanation no longer separately.The weak point of prior art is, vertically the resolution of pixel has only originally 1/3, and the stereo display definition of 1080P overall height cls has only 360P.

Fig. 2 is the stereoscopic display screen structural representation, is made up of twill grating (1), parity field switchable layer (2), LCD (3), backlight (4) and synchronous circuit (5).Twill grating (1) is formed by cylindrical lens grating film or slit grating film and bonding glass, is installed in parallel in outside the LCD display (3), the pitch of grating, angle of inclination, must arrange with the voxel of LCD (3) with the spacing of screen and to be complementary.Parity field switchable layer (2) is installed in shown in Fig. 2 A between twill grating (1) and the LCD (3), also can shown in Fig. 2 B, be installed between LCD (3) and the backlight (4).Synchronous circuit (5) is coordinated the sequential of parity field switchable layer (2) and the demonstration of LCD (3) image.Fig. 2 C is the front view of stereoscopic display screen; Because LCD (3) has certain thickness; There is spacing between parity field switchable layer (2) and the LCD (3); Produce certain corresponding deviation between the half-pix of light transmission strip and the LCD of parity field switchable layer (2) non-during over against screen, but this is to final display effect influence and little.

Fig. 3 is a LCD dot structure sketch map.A complete pixel is made up of three left and right sides arranged RGB sub-pixels (6), is square.LCD has higher refreshing frequency, can reach 120～200Hz, can full HD video of point-to-point demonstration and image.

Fig. 4 A, Fig. 4 B are two kinds of light transmission state sketch mapes of parity field switchable layer; Be one group of lateral slit, slit pitch is identical with the some distance of LCD, and the printing opacity gap width is 1/2 of a distance; Before every field picture shows; The shading strip of parity field switchable layer (12) switches with light transmission strip (11), and promptly shading strip becomes light transmission strip, and light transmission strip becomes shading strip.

Fig. 5 is parity field switchable layer (2) and LCD (3) combination of pixels sketch map, is made up of black (14) and pixel column (13), and Fig. 5 A is equivalent to interleaved strange field picture, and Fig. 5 B is equivalent to even field picture.

Fig. 6 is a whole frame image pixel structural representation, and strange and the even field picture that is refreshed by frequency multiplication merges and forms, and the vertical resolution of LCD (3) has improved 1 times, reaches 2160i, the reduced height of sub-pixel (6) half.Stereo-picture is arranged by mode (9) and mode (10) by sub-pixel and is formed; Vertical resolution is 720i, and all same width of cloth 3D rendering of the parity field of each frame video splits out, and the centre does not have motion parallax; Therefore have the definition identical, be doubled than original 360P with 720p.In the voxel (9), the grid line of twill grating and the angle of horizontal direction are 66.04 ° or 113.96 °, and on waling, the compound mode of sub-pixel does from top to bottom R B G G R B B G R R B G G R B B G R R B G G R B B G RIn the voxel (10), the grid line of twill grating and the angle of horizontal direction are 56.31 ° or 123.69 °, and on waling, the compound mode of sub-pixel does R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B GHow the sub-pixel that the demonstration of stereo-picture need solve anaglyph reasonably is aligned on the picture element matrix of display screen, so the aligning method of sub-pixel is the stereo display important basis.

Fig. 7 is parity field switchable layer (a 2) structural representation; The parity field switchable layer is made up of liquid crystal shutter; Liquid crystal shutter is made up of Polarizer (15), glass (16), strip shaped electric poles (17), liquid crystal layer (18), public electrode (19); Electrode voltage is under the control of synchronous circuit (5), and shading strip and light transmission strip can switch each other.Liquid crystal shutter is identical with the polarization direction of two Polarizers of the vicinity of LCD (3), therefore can remove this piece Polarizer (15) on the liquid crystal shutter.

Fig. 8 A is that 6 camera lenses divide the screen image sketch map, is spliced by 6 image blocks (20).Image block (20) is made up of the odd-numbered line or the even number line pixel of anaglyph, and the pixel (21) of same coordinate is in different positions in the image block (20) in minute screen image.Fig. 8 B is a stereo-picture composition rule sketch map, and complete voxel (22) is similar to the stair shape at certain inclination angle, and wherein each sub-pixel all is the sub-pixel formation of the middle correspondence position of image block (20) of branch screen image.

The structure and the implementation procedure of three-dimensional display are described below.

At first, consider that from the convenience of stereoscopic video file transfer and storage three-dimensional video-frequency is more reasonable with the split screen format.The split screen form of doing; Exactly the parallax sequence image is spliced into a complete big figure by image block; Be called the branch screen image, divide screen image to be generally full HD 1920*1080 size, typical connecting method is " field " lattice or nine palace lattice; The picture editting helps HD video with split screen, is convenient to compression and preservation.Play before the stereo-picture, earlier video compression is become sequence split screen image, will divide screen image to be reassembled into stereo-picture by the beam split rule of twill grating again, real-time play is come out.Original meaning of the present invention is synthetic every frame stereo-picture to be resolved into the parity field image play; But can bring such problem: if want to keep the definition of the best; There are not pixel loss or picture element interpolation; Divide the size of screen image and stereo-picture to be 1920*2160, support the video player of this definition almost not have.So we resolve into strange field picture and even field picture with the parallax sequence chart earlier; Being combined into strange respectively divides screen image and idol field to divide screen image; Sequence edit by " odd even odd even odd even ... odd even " becomes video file, and the size of every branch screen image is 1920*1080; The overall process of video playback comprises video compression, synthetic stereo image, the point-to-point broadcast of frequency multiplication.Under the control of synchronous circuit, the time sequential routine of parity field switchable layer and LCD does, the parity field switchable layer switches to strange light transmission state, and LCD shows strange field picture, and the parity field switchable layer switches to an idol light transmission state, and LCD shows even field picture, hockets.

In general, it all is suitable that auto-stereoscopic display adopts the parallax sequence chart image source of 4～9 camera lenses, as advertisement applications; Popular the watch degree of freedom and comfort level are the emphasis that will consider, and the camera lens number can be decided to be 6～9, and wherein 7 camera lens disparity maps are not a suitable selection when amalgamation divides screen image; Can remove, therefore desirable camera lens number is 6,8,9, if pursue high-resolution merely; 4 camera lenses are proper, and definition can reach 1440*720.We are example structure that the split screen image is described, the definition of stereo-picture, the angle of inclination and the pitch of twill grating with 6 lens stereo images, and the composition rule of stereo-picture.

The definition of full HD LCD is 1920*1080, and the definition of 6 lens stereo images is (1920*3/6) * (1080*2/3), i.e. 960*720; Aspect ratio is 16: 9; Obviously, stereo-picture transverse and longitudinal resolution is unequal, vertically has higher definition.When absorbing 6 camera lens disparity map image sources; The ratio of width to height cut by 16: 9; Non-then uniform zoom becomes the 960*720 pixel, resolves into strange field picture and even field picture again, and Pixel Dimensions becomes 960*360; Strange the branch screen image that is spliced into 1920*1080 by the 2*3 piece divides screen image with the idol field, further compiles the 3D video file.The plain some distance of LCD screen image is d; The angle of inclination x=56.31 of twill grating °, pitch (d/3*6sinx)=1.664d*c, wherein c is a correction factor; And grating material refractive index, grating all have relation to distance between the display screen and viewing distance; Its value needs to rely on test correction between 0.995～0.999, maximum three tests just can obtain accurate result.

A minute screen image is synthesized stereo-picture to be accomplished according to the mapping form.Dividing the process of screen image synthetic stereo image, is the value with each sub-pixel on minute screen image, is filled in the stereo-picture by the beam split rule that disposes grating, and pixel value is constant, only is that the position of sub-pixel changes.In order to realize quick conversion, can between the two, set up the one-to-one relationship of sub-pixel position, the mapping form is (a 1920*3; 1080) two-dimensional array; (i, value j) is divided position in the screen image exactly, and (i, sub-pixel j) is at the reposition of stereo-picture for array element.Mapping form and split screen mode, anaglyph camera lens number, grating slope are relevant; The corresponding relation of 56.31 ° of twill gratings of 6 lens stereo image configurations is as shown in Figure 8; The anaglyph of 6 width of cloth 960*360 is spliced into the branch screen image of 1920*1080, a point of all anaglyph same positions by the 2*3 piece; Lay respectively at 6 diverse locations in the branch screen image, by complete voxel in the regular synthetic stereo image shown in Figure 8.

High definition automatic stereoscopic display device disclosed by the invention; It is good to have the degree of freedom of watching, and the advantage that definition is high is with previous twill grating stereo display in comparison; Definition is more than doubled, and does not directly show high definition plane picture and literal as the 2D/3D conversion.

Embodiment:

Full HD LCD with 47 inches 120Hz is set up one 6 viewpoint high definition three-dimensional display.

Prepare one 47 inches LCD screen, refreshing frequency 120Hz, the pixel distance is 0.5415mm.Twill grating (1) is bonded by cylindrical lens grating film and optical glass; Be installed in parallel in outside the LCD (3); The pitch 0.8992mm of twill grating; With the angle of inclination of horizontal direction be 56.31 °, cylinder keeps suitable spacing with LCD (3) inwardly, and stereo-picture is on the focusing surface of column mirror grating.Parity field switchable layer (2) that is made up of liquid crystal shutter of configuration between twill grating and LCD, the pitch of its lateral slit is 0.5415mm, printing opacity gap width 0.2707mm.6 each width of cloth of camera lens parallax sequence chart image source are all cut by the ratio of width to height of 16: 9; Non-then uniform zoom becomes the 960*720 pixel; Resolve into strange field picture and even field picture again; Pixel Dimensions becomes 960*360, and strange the branch screen image that is spliced into 1920*1080 by the 2*3 piece divides screen image with the idol field, further compiles the 3D video file.The stereo-picture player decompresses the 3D video file; By the mapping form split screen image transitions is become a full HD strange stereo-picture and an even stereo-picture in real time; Point-to-point Alternation Display on the LCD screen that frequency multiplication is play has been brought up to 720P with the vertical resolution of stereo-picture from 360P.

Although described the present invention with reference to embodiment, will be understood by those skilled in the art that, under the situation that does not break away from the scope of the present invention that is defined by the claims and spirit, can carry out the change on various forms and the details therein.For example to adopt be full HD PDP display but not the LCD of high refresh rate to display screen, and perhaps stereo-picture is synthetic by the parallax sequence chart of the vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy, and when playing, with 90 ° on whole three-dimensional display transposition, the vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy is play stereoscopic picture plane.Perhaps utilize same thinking,, can further improve the definition of 3D video, on the perpendicular screen LCD of 3 frequencys multiplication,, can realize 3 full HD viewpoint three-dimensional video-frequencies with the column mirror grating of vertically placing with multiple frequence LCD and many switchable layer combinations.

Claims

1. three-dimensional display, by stereo-picture player, LCD and twill optical grating constitution, the stereo-picture player can be accomplished the decompression of video image, and is three-dimensional synthetic; Functions such as full HD real-time demonstration, twill grating can be column mirror gratings, also can be slit gratings, can freely show stereo-picture and video; It is characterized in that, between twill grating and LCD, perhaps dispose a parity field switchable layer between LCD and the backlight; Every frame stereo-picture pixel wide is identical with LCD, and pixels tall is the twice of LCD, with the synthetic strange field picture of the odd-numbered line pixel groups of stereo-picture; The even number line pixel groups is synthesized even field picture, strange field picture and even field picture point-to-point Alternation Display on the LCD of frequency multiplication scanning screen, and the parity field switchable layer is one group of lateral slit; Slit pitch is identical with the some distance of LCD, and the printing opacity gap width is 1/2 of a distance, before every field picture shows; The shading strip and the light transmission strip of parity field switchable layer switch, and promptly shading strip becomes light transmission strip, and light transmission strip becomes shading strip.

2. three-dimensional display as claimed in claim 1, its characteristic are that also the grid line of twill grating and the angle of horizontal direction are 66.04 ° or 113.96 °, and on waling, the compound mode of voxel (9) sub-pixel does from top to bottom R B G G R B B G R R B G G R B B G R R B G G R B B G R

3. three-dimensional display as claimed in claim 1, its characteristic are that also the grid line of twill grating and the angle of horizontal direction are 56.31 ° or 123.69 °, and on waling, the compound mode of voxel (10) does R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G R B G

4. three-dimensional display as claimed in claim 1, its characteristic are that also the parity field switchable layer is made up of liquid crystal shutter, and liquid crystal shutter is made up of Polarizer, liquid crystal layer, strip shaped electric poles, and under the effect of synchronous circuit, shading strip and light transmission strip can switch each other.

5. three-dimensional display as claimed in claim 1; Its characteristic is that also the editing process of three-dimensional video-frequency is earlier the parallax sequence chart to be resolved into strange field picture and even field picture; Being combined into strange respectively divides screen image and idol field to divide screen image; Sequence edit by " odd even odd even odd even ... odd even " becomes video file, and the size of every branch screen image is 1920*1080, and the process of video playback comprises video compression, by the mapping form split screen image transitions become stereo-picture, the point-to-point broadcast of frequency multiplication.

6. three-dimensional display as claimed in claim 3, its characteristic are that also stereo-picture is synthetic by the parallax sequence chart of the vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy, and when playing, with 90 ° on whole three-dimensional display transposition, the vertical scroll of painting or calligraphy is play stereoscopic picture plane.