CN102544582A - Electrolyte for power lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Electrolyte for power lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102544582A CN102544582A CN2010106129342A CN201010612934A CN102544582A CN 102544582 A CN102544582 A CN 102544582A CN 2010106129342 A CN2010106129342 A CN 2010106129342A CN 201010612934 A CN201010612934 A CN 201010612934A CN 102544582 A CN102544582 A CN 102544582A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-wettability and high-pourability electrolyte for a power lithium ion battery. The electrolyte comprises a wetting additive, a lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and other additives, wherein the wetting additive is a nonionic surfactant, and the wetting additive accounts for 0.001 to 5 percent of the mass of the electrolyte; the non-aqueous solvent is one or a mixture of more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and gamma-butyrolactone, and the non-aqueous solvent accounts for 50 to 90 percent of the mass of the electrolyte; the lithium salt at the concentration of 0.6 to 1.5 mol/L is at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis(oxalato)borate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; and the other additives accounts for 0.5 to 8 percent of the mass of the electrolyte. The electrolyte has high wettability for a polyolefin diaphragm and electrode active materials, and has long cycle life.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to be used for the electrolyte of power lithium-ion rechargeable battery, more particularly, the present invention relates to a kind ofly have good wettability, pourability, and have the electrolyte of the power lithium-ion battery of excellent cycle life.
[background technology]
Lithium ion battery has following advantage as a kind of energy conversion device:
(1) operating voltage is high, and the operating voltage of business-like cobalt acid lithium-carbon battery is 3.6V~3.7V;
(2) energy density is big, and the specific energy of lithium ion battery is with the difference of electrode material difference to some extent, but can both reach 150~200Wh/kg basically;
(3) have extended cycle life, lithium ion battery has the cycle life greater than 2000 times, under the low discharge degree of depth, can reach several ten thousand times;
(4) pollution-free, material such as the used positive and negative electrode of lithium ion battery, electrolyte is all nontoxic; Battery operated waste gas, the environmentally safe of not producing;
(5) self-discharge rate is low, and at present the self-discharge rate of lithium ion battery can accomplish to be lower than every month 2%;
(6) has quick charge capability.Because above characteristics, lithium ion battery have substituted Ni-Cd, the Ni-H battery is widely used in portable battery products such as mobile phone, notebook computer.
Lithium ion battery meets current social requirements of green environmental protection as a kind of green energy resource device; Along with the continuous maturation of technology, power lithium-ion battery has broad application prospects on the vehicles such as electric automobile, big bus.
Lithium rechargeable battery adopts material with carbon elements such as graphite, carbonaceous mesophase spherules usually, or lithium titanate, and aluminosilicate alloy material is used LiCoO as anode active material
2, LiFePO
4, LiMn
2O
4Deng material is cathode active material; In addition, between negative electrode and anode, insert porous polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP barrier film, inject the manufacturing that the electrolyte that contains lithium salts is accomplished battery then.
Electrolyte is the important component part of lithium ion battery, between battery plus-negative plate, plays a part to carry and conduction current.Press the difference of electrolyte kind, be divided into liquid lithium ionic cell and polymer Li-ion battery.
At present, liquid lithium ionic cell electrolyte adopts cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate mixed solvent; This type of aprotic solvent viscosity is higher, and surface tension is bigger than normal; During fluid injection, pourability is not so good.On the other hand, the affinity interaction of PE, PP diaphragm material and electrolyte is little, causes electrolyte relatively poor to the wettability of barrier film; Because the increase of battery capacity, electric machine assembly density increases, and the space between assembly and the housing is very little, makes to pour into very difficulty of electrolyte.
Aprotic solvent is not so good to the wetability of the anode and cathode active materials of high-ratio surface, can cause the contact resistance of electrode material and electrolyte bigger than normal like this, is difficult to satisfy the little requirement of power lithium-ion battery internal resistance; Electrolyte is poor to the wettability of electrode active material, can influence the utilance of positive and negative pole material, is unfavorable for the performance of battery capacity.
[summary of the invention]
Technical problem to be solved by this invention just is to provide a kind of electrolyte that is used for power lithium-ion rechargeable battery; This electrolyte has good wettability to the barrier film and the anode and cathode active materials of lithium ion battery; Can reduce the contact resistance of electrolyte and anode and cathode active materials, improve the utilance of material; Simultaneously, the pourability of electrolyte and fluid injection situation also improve.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above; The present invention has adopted following technical scheme; This electrolyte comprises wettability additives, lithium salts, non-aqueous organic solvent, other additives; Described wettability additives is a non-ionic surface active agent, and the percentage of its quality in electrolyte is 0.001~5%; Described nonaqueous solvents is one or more mixtures in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, the gamma-butyrolacton; The mass percent of nonaqueous solvents in electrolyte is 50~90%%; Described lithium salts is at least a in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, the trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, and lithium salt is 0.6~1.5 mole; The mass percent of described other additives in electrolyte is 0.5~8%.
Furthermore, in the technique scheme, described wettability additives is at least a in the following material: (1) aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether; (2) long-chain fatty alcohol APEO; (3) organic silane compound.
Furthermore, in the technique scheme, the percentage of described wettability additives quality in electrolyte is 0.01~2%.
Furthermore; In the technique scheme; Described other additives are: VC vinylene carbonate, VEC vinyl ethylene carbonate, FEC fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1; 3 propane sultones 1, at least a in 3-PS, the CHB cyclohexyl benzene, its mass percent in electrolyte is 0.5~8%.
Furthermore, in the technique scheme, the mass percent of described nonaqueous solvents in electrolyte is 60~90%;
Furthermore, in the technique scheme, described lithium salt is 0.8~1.4 mole;
After the present invention adopted technique scheme, the percentage that the use amount of wettability additives in electrolyte accounts for gross mass was 0.001~5%, and preferable amount is 0.01~2%; When the addition of wettability additives during, can not effectively improve the pourability and the wettability of electrolyte less than 0.001w.t.%; When the content of wettability additives surpassed 5w.t.%, infiltrating further improvement did not have positive effect to electrolyte in the continuation increase of additive level.Owing to the adding of non-ionic surface active agent, reduced the surface tension of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, electrolyte greatly improves the situation of battery liquid-filling difficulty to the wettability and the infiltration rate of PE, PP material barrier film when having strengthened fluid injection.Simultaneously, above-mentioned moist type activating agent has also improved the wetability of electrolyte to the anode and cathode active materials of high-ratio surface, has reduced the contact resistance of electrode material and electrolyte; Improved the utilance of anode and cathode active materials.In addition, wettability activator electrochemical properties in the lithium ion battery operating voltage range is stable, and decomposition reaction does not take place Heat stability is good; Battery performance is not had a negative impact.
[embodiment]
Electrolyte comprises among the present invention: wettability additives, lithium salts, non-aqueous organic solvent, other additives.
Described wettability additives is a non-ionic surface active agent, and the percentage of its quality in electrolyte is 0.001~5%.Among the present invention, wettability additives is at least a in the following material:
(1) aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether, its structural formula is:
(2) long-chain fatty alcohol APEO, its structural formula is:
(3) organic silane compound, its structural formula is:
R in the said structure formula
1, R
3For carbon number is 1~30 alkyl, m, n are 1~30, R
2, R
4Be H, CH
3, C
2H
5, C
3H
7In a kind of; R wherein
5For carbon number is 1~10 alkyl, a is 1~20, and b is 1~10, and c is 1~20, and d is 1~20.
The aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether of expression in the said structure formula 1,2, AEO is non-ionic surface active agent, and the chain alkyl in its molecule is a non-polar group, has hydrophobicity; The ester group, the polyether group that contain oxygen atom are polar group, possess hydrophilic property.In the organic silane compound of said structure formula 3 expressions, hydrophobic grouping is a poly dimethyl silane segment, and hydrophilic radical is a polyether segment.
Nonaqueous solvents is one or more mixtures in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, the gamma-butyrolacton among the present invention; The weight percent content of nonaqueous solvents is 50~90%, preferred 60~90%.
Lithium salts among the present invention is at least a in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, the trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, preferred lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate; Lithium salt is 0.6~1.5M, and preferred concentration is 0.8~1.4M.
Other additives among the present invention are: VC, VEC, FEC, 1, and at least a among 3-PS, the CHB, its mass percent in electrolyte is 0.5~8%.In these other additives, vinylene carbonate (VC) helps to form the SEI film, with cycle performance and the fail safe that improves battery.Vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) can be used as film for additive, with cycle performance that improves battery and the fail safe that improves battery.Fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) can be used as film for additive, with cycle performance that improves battery and the fail safe that improves battery.1,3-propane sultone (PS) can improve the cycle performance and the fail safe that improves battery of battery.Cyclohexyl benzene (CHB) can be used as anti-overcharging additive, to improve the fail safe of battery.
When the present invention was used to prepare lithium ion battery, it can be used for just very LiFePO
4, LiMn
2O
4, LiNi
xCo
yMn
1-x-yO
2, negative pole is the cylinder of lithium titanate, aluminosilicate alloy material, native graphite, Delanium, the square power lithium-ion battery of flexible package.
The wettability of electrolyte of the present invention can be passed through the surface tension of test electrolyte sample under 25 ℃, and measures electrolyte and estimate at the contact angle on diaphragm material, positive and negative pole material surface.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of electrolyte: in the glove box of Ar atmosphere, EC (ethylene carbonate), EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate) and GBL (gamma-butyrolacton) are pressed mass ratio mix at 30: 40: 30, and carry out electromagnetic agitation, add LiPF
6Electrolyte is configured to the electrolyte that concentration is 1M; And to the aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether surfactant C that wherein adds 0.001w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3, the VC of 2w.t.% (vinylene carbonate), 1 of 2w.t.%, 3-PS (1,3 propane sultone).
The preparation positive electrode is LiFePO
4, negative material is the 22650 type cylindrical batteries electricity core of Delanium, and with the electrolyte of method for preparing electric core is carried out fluid injection, is assembled into lithium rechargeable battery.
Embodiment 2
In the glove box of Ar atmosphere, EC (ethylene carbonate), EMC (methyl ethyl carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) were pressed mass ratio 25: 45: 15: 15 mix, and carry out electromagnetic agitation, add LiPF
6Electrolyte is configured to the electrolyte that concentration is 1M; And to the aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether surfactant C that wherein adds 0.1w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3, the VC of 2w.t.% (vinylene carbonate), 1 of 2w.t.%, 3-PS (1,3 propane sultone).
Embodiment 3
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 0.01w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 4
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 0.1w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 5
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 0.5w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 6
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 2w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 7
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 5w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 8
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 7w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 9
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 0.1w.t.%
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
5CH
3Replaced C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 10
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the C of 0.05w.t.%
9H
19O (CH
2CH
2O)
5The H replaced C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 11
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the silane compound Si of 0.01w.t.%
3C
16H
43O
5Replaced C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3Wherein, silane compound Si
3C
16H
43O
5Structural formula following:
Embodiment 12
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is to add the silane compound Si of 0.1w.t.%
3C
16H
43O
5Replaced C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Embodiment 13
Repeat embodiment 2, difference is to add the silane compound Si of 0.1w.t.%
3C
16H
43O
5Replaced C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Comparative Examples 1
Repeat embodiment 1, difference is not add surfactant C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Comparative Examples 2
Repeat embodiment 2, difference is not add surfactant C
11H
23COO (CH
2CH
2O)
9CH
3
Through the fluid injection time of comparing embodiment 1~13 with Comparative Examples 1~2 gained electrolyte, wettability, infiltrative difference in the time of can obtaining the fluid injection of electrolyte sample; Test the surface tension of each electrolyte sample; The electrochemical impedance of battery; With and with the contact angle of PE, PP material barrier film, positive and negative pole material, can know the adding of aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether compound and silane compound, can significantly reduce the surface tension of electrolyte; Strengthen it to the permeability of barrier film with to the wettability of electrode material, effectively reduce the contact resistance of electrolyte and electrode material.
Certainly, the above only is instance of the present invention, is not to limit practical range of the present invention, and all equivalences of doing according to the described structure of claim of the present invention, characteristic and principle change or modify, and all should be included in the claim of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the electrolyte of a power lithium-ion battery, this electrolyte comprises: wettability additives, lithium salts, non-aqueous organic solvent, other additives is characterized in that:
Described wettability additives is a non-ionic surface active agent, and the percentage of its quality in electrolyte is 0.001~5%;
Described nonaqueous solvents is one or more mixtures in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, the gamma-butyrolacton; The mass percent of nonaqueous solvents in electrolyte is 50~90%%;
Described lithium salts is at least a in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, the trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, and lithium salt is 0.6~1.5 mole;
The mass percent of described other additives in electrolyte is 0.5~8%.
2. the electrolyte of a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described wettability additives is at least a in the following material:
(1) aliphatic acid polyethenoxy ether, its structural formula is:
(2) long-chain fatty alcohol APEO, its structural formula is:
(3) organic silane compound, its structural formula is:
R in the said structure formula
1, R
3For carbon number is 1~30 alkyl, m, n are 1~30, R
2, R
4Be H, CH
3, C
2H
5, C
3H
7In a kind of; R wherein
5For carbon number is 1~10 alkyl, a is 1~20, and b is 1~10, and c is 1~20, and d is 1~20.
3. the electrolyte of a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the percentage of described wettability additives quality in electrolyte is 0.01~2%.
4. according to the electrolyte of any described a kind of power lithium-ion battery among the claim 1-3; It is characterized in that: described other additives are: vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1; At least a in 3 propane sultones, the cyclohexyl benzene, its mass percent in electrolyte is 0.5~8%.
5. the electrolyte of a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the mass percent of described nonaqueous solvents in electrolyte is 60~90%;
6. the electrolyte of a kind of power lithium-ion battery according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described lithium salt is 0.8~1.4 mole.
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Cited By (18)
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CN104448324A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-03-25 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Grafted polysilane compound, preparation method and application of grafted polysilane compound in battery electrolyte |
CN105428710A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-03-23 | 中盐安徽红四方锂电有限公司 | High-temperature electrolytic solution for large-capacity plastic-casing lithium ion battery |
CN105514494A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-04-20 | 山东玉皇新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of lithium-ion battery flame-retardant electrolyte |
WO2016115909A1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-07-28 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | High compaction density negative electrode lithium ion battery and electrolyte |
CN106129472A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-16 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Low-temperature electrolyte of lithium iron phosphate battery |
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WO2018176981A1 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Electrolyte solution for lithium ion battery, and battery |
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CN113394449A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-14 | 中国科学技术大学 | Electrolyte for lithium metal battery |
CN113540568A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 吉安谊盛电子材料有限公司 | Electrolyte and high-capacity lithium ion battery |
CN116454564A (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-07-18 | 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 | Secondary liquid injection method, battery and electric equipment |
CN116454564B (en) * | 2023-06-20 | 2023-09-08 | 江苏正力新能电池技术有限公司 | Secondary liquid injection method, battery and electric equipment |
CN117558988A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | Electrolyte, energy storage device and power utilization system |
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