CN102538728A - Three-coordinate intelligent measuring method - Google Patents
Three-coordinate intelligent measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102538728A CN102538728A CN2011104428857A CN201110442885A CN102538728A CN 102538728 A CN102538728 A CN 102538728A CN 2011104428857 A CN2011104428857 A CN 2011104428857A CN 201110442885 A CN201110442885 A CN 201110442885A CN 102538728 A CN102538728 A CN 102538728A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-coordinate intelligent measuring method. The three-coordinate intelligent measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) determining measurement items according to the requirements of a process diagram or a part drawing, preliminarily determining the placement state of a measured workpiece according to the measurement items and placing the measured workpiece on a workbench; (2) measuring reference elements and establishing a coordinate system of the measured workpiece; (3) performing calculation and analysis on the measured reference elements, and judging the variety of the measured workpiece and the final placement state of the workpiece; and (4) determining the rotation direction and a safe operation path of a measuring needle according to the measurement items, the variety of the measured workpiece and the placement state of the workpiece. The three-coordinate intelligent measurement method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of intelligence, flexibility, high precision and high efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, relate in particular to the field of measuring technique of engine and parts thereof, specifically a kind of three-dimensional intelligent measurement method.
Background technology
The three-dimensional coordinates measurement system is adopted in the measurement of existing engine and parts thereof usually; This measuring system has characteristics such as general, flexible, efficient than traditional measurement pattern; Can accomplish the measurement of various complex parts through computer control; Meet the needs of flexible automation development in the machinery manufacturing industry, can satisfy high precision, high-level efficiency requirement that modern production proposes measuring technique.Yet along with product category is more and more, technology becomes increasingly complex, and the three-dimensional coordinates measurement technology is had higher requirement, and current measuring methods has been difficult to satisfy these requirements.
Specifically, existing three-coordinate measuring method all is relatively independent, and its function singleness, each method are respectively corresponding to single workpiece, fixing operation.For example, the measuring method of cylinder body assembly can't be used for measurement of gas cylinder body float chamber, and the measuring method of Europe II body also can't be used for measuring the body of Europe III.Europe III body particularly, because the oil pump carrier state is different, it can be divided into single cylinder engine, parallel bars machine again, the EGR machine, their measuring method also can not the mutual usefulness of intercommunication equally.Certainly, more can not measure the body of D12 with the measuring method of 615 bodies.And, because productions needs temporary transient change technology,, just can not use original measurement flow process sometimes, and the system flow process of must revising or rearrange, otherwise chaining pin and measured workpiece are bumped during three-dimensional coordinates measurement as having bored a little holes etc. less.Adopt this method, measure complicated workpiece even need a plurality of processs of measurement of operation could accomplish, just have tens up to a hundred individually with regard to the process of measurement of body, bring very large difficulty to the maintenance of program.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve is that the program that exists of prior art is relatively independent, function ratio is more single, program is not enough " flexibility " and intelligence, and the not high problem of efficient, aim to provide a kind of three-dimensional intelligent measurement method.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: the three-dimensional intelligent measurement method is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) requires to confirm the measurement project according to artwork or part drawing, come the preliminary laying state of confirming measured workpiece, and measured workpiece is placed on the worktable according to the laying state of confirming according to the measurement project;
(2) measuring basis element is set up the coordinate system of measured workpiece;
(3) the benchmark element that records of computational analysis is judged the kind and the final laying state of workpiece of measured workpiece;
(4), confirm the sense of rotation and the safe operation path of chaining pin according to the kind and the laying state of measurement project, measured workpiece.
According to the present invention, if after step (2) finished, step (3) still can't be judged the kind of measured workpiece, then increases a benchmark element or characteristic element repeating step (2) and step (3) again, so circulation is until the kind of accurately judging measured workpiece.
According to the present invention, in step (4), the mode that security plane is set according to the kind and the laying state of measurement project, measured workpiece is confirmed the sense of rotation and the safe operation path of chaining pin, avoids chaining pin in operational process, to produce collision with measured workpiece.
According to the present invention; In step (4); The measured workpiece coordinate system that the coordinate system of the tested element in the measurement project and step (2) are set up through the coordinate system conversion parameter is set, changes sense of rotation and the safe operation path that generates chaining pin automatically not simultaneously under different coordinate systems.
Three-dimensional intelligent measurement method of the present invention has intellectuality, flexibility, high precision, high efficiency advantage.Intellectuality of the present invention is embodied in the following aspects: the present invention can declare the kind of measured workpiece automatically, and for example, it is the D12 bent axle that the process of measurement of bent axle can be differentiated the bent axle of measuring automatically, or mills bent axle in 615, or 615 finished product bent axles.Again for example, it is the D12 body that the process of measurement of body can be differentiated the body of measuring automatically, still 615 bodies; Be cylinder body assembly, or cylinder block, or crankcase; Can also judge it is single cylinder engine, parallel bars machine or EGR machine according to the state of oil pump carrier, and after differentiating correctly, measure.Simultaneously, the present invention can confirm to measure element by automatic or manual, also can measure according to fixing technological requirement, or measure according to the measurement project demand of part; Can differentiate the state that workpiece is placed automatically on the coordinate machine.
As everyone knows, three-dimensional at most once can only be measured the tested element on five faces because supporting surface be measure less than.Sometimes body six faces all have tested element; Measure such workpiece, will stand up once at least, so the intelligent measure program must can be differentiated the state that workpiece is placed on three-dimensional; Automatically select Projects with Different, different chaining pin sense of rotation, generate the operating path of chaining pin automatically according to different state; Automatically differentiate tested element and whether exist, skip, avoided collision as just not existing.For example, the process of measurement of body can be differentiated the state that body is placed, and supporting surface is left surface or right flank or end face; Therefore, test function of the present invention is very powerful.
The applicability that flexibility of the present invention is embodied in process of measurement is very extensive.Existing three-coordinate measuring method function singleness need adopt different programs for the measurement of the workpiece of different cultivars.For example, the flywheel of D12 and 615 flywheel must be write different programs respectively.And the body measurement of D12 is very complicated; Sometimes want the tested element on the measurement of left side, that left surface just can not will be measured the tested element on the right flank to held sometimes; Right flank just can not be to held; Sometimes will measure the tested element on the end face, end face just can not be to held, and different placements just must be adopted different programs respectively; Sometimes the variation of product change or technology all can cause variations such as the increase and decrease, state of tested element, also must regroup different programs.And three-dimensional intelligent measurement method of the present invention; In program, add and differentiate the workpiece kind automatically, differentiate chaining pin sense of rotation and differentiate the function of workpiece laying state automatically automatically; Avoid the chaining pin collision through in program, adding fault-tolerant statement; And have manual work or select the measurement project automatically, the various measurement projects of the measured workpiece of various kinds are carried out normalization handle, can select different measurement elements flexibly again simultaneously; To deal with various special measurement requirement, reach the purpose of flexibility design.
Description of drawings
Below, in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of three-dimensional intelligent measurement method of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, three-dimensional intelligent measurement method of the present invention is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) requires to confirm the measurement project according to artwork or part drawing, confirm the laying state of measured workpiece, and measured workpiece is placed on the worktable according to preliminary definite laying state according to the measurement project.
The measurement project is the set of measuring element, requires to classify according to the test frequency of measuring element or operation.Usually, with synthetic one or several measurement project of element set that often need measure or operation requires, and give its item designation; Such as, " inspection " measurement project of body, item designation is " Audit "; Exactly some the highest general datas of body requirement on machining accuracy are measured, the measurement unit that it comprises have: benchmark element, main bearing hole; Camshaft hole, cylinder hole, the hole of holding out; There is each main hole system such as gear chamber pilot hole on the front end face, the flywheel pilot hole on the rear end face, the cylinder cap pilot hole on the end face in this four big crucial element and some other main hole system of measuring.If what measuring is 615 bodies, then be exactly measurement to the main hole of four big essential elements of 615 bodies and each system, if the D12 body, then be exactly the measurement that four big essential elements and each main hole to the D12 body are.The measurement project of and for example milling in the bent axle can be got item designation and is " in mill ", and its requires to measure, and crankshaft angles, stroke, main shaft diameter are opened shelves, connecting rod is directly opened shelves etc., comprises following measurement element, main shaft diameter, and the connecting rod footpath, main shaft diameter is opened shelves, and connecting rod is directly opened shelves etc.Also having some projects to be provided with by survey frequency, is " 10XD " measurement project like code name, and measurement contents is the right alignment of the spindle hole and the cam hole of body, and the measurement unit that it comprises have: spindle hole and camshaft hole.
Run into provisional measurement project, and should the measurement project not preestablish in menu, the measurement entry variable in the then direct mark program gets final product for measuring; If do not know the measurement project, as long as select full the survey, program can be differentiated the measurement element of having processed automatically and measure.
After the measurement project was selected, all in this measurement project were measured element and all are entered in the computer automatically.
(2) measuring basis element is set up the coordinate system of measured workpiece.
For different test kinds, the kind of its benchmark element and quantity are also inequality, can be reference field, datum hole or benchmark cylindrical, and the benchmark element is 1-2 usually.Selection best embodies the benchmark element of the characteristic of measured workpiece kind, and its test result is as the basis of judging the measured workpiece kind.
(3) the benchmark element that records of computational analysis is judged the kind and the final placement shape of workpiece of measured workpiece.
After the measured value of benchmark element calculated, analysis classes was judged the kind of measured workpiece like the difference between the benchmark element of kind.
According to the characteristics of different cultivars, can increase 1-2 benchmark element and measure, till the kind that can judge measured workpiece.
Can also confirm simultaneously the final laying state of workpiece.
(4), confirm the sense of rotation and the safe operation path of chaining pin according to the kind and the laying state of measurement project, measured workpiece.
The element of respectively measuring in the measurement project is set to variable; If the measured workpiece coordinate system that the coordinate system of the tested element in the measurement project and step (2) are set up is not simultaneously; Through the coordinate system conversion parameter is set, conversion comes to generate automatically the sense of rotation and the operating path of chaining pin under different coordinate systems.If the coordinate system of the tested element in the measurement project is identical with the measured workpiece coordinate system that step (2) is set up; Can not carry out the coordinate system conversion; Also can in program is provided with, unify to be provided with a coordinate system switch process, when above-mentioned two coordinate systems were identical, conversion parameter was set to 0.
For avoiding chaining pin in operational process, to produce collision with measured workpiece; The mode of security plane can be set; That is: chaining pin runs to next surface measurements by the security plane of setting and proceeds to measure after surface of measured workpiece or the measurement elements are contained on it are finished.
For example 1: for 615 or the measurement of D12 body
(1) at first confirms the measurement project, and comes the preliminary laying state of confirming workpiece that promptly facing down that do not measure element is placed on the worktable according to the measurement project.
To 615 or each face of the such hexahedron workpiece of D12 body a fixing title is all arranged, first face is called reference field (face one), just on this face, the generation of most measurement data is a benchmark with it all to datum hole.The opposite of reference field is called end face (face six), and other a face is called left surface (face two), and the opposite of left surface is called right flank (face three), and two other face is respectively front end face (face five) and rear end face (face four).
The reference field of " (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4) " expression workpiece makes progress, and end face is to four laying states that are placed down on the worktable, wherein:
" (1,1) " expression workpiece left surface forward, " (1,2) " expression workpiece left surface left, promptly workpiece changeed counterclockwise 90 the degree, " (1,3) " expression workpiece left surface backward, " (1,4) " expression workpiece left surface to the right.
" (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4) " expression workpiece reference field to the right, end face four laying states left, wherein:
The left surface of " (2,1) " expression workpiece makes progress, and right flank is to being placed down on the worktable." (2,2) " expression workpiece left surface backward, right flank forward, promptly be rotated counterclockwise 90 the degree.The left surface of " (2,3) " expression workpiece is to being placed down on the worktable, and right flank upwards." (2,4) " expression workpiece left surface forward, right flank is backward.
" (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4) " expression workpiece reference field left, end face four laying states to the right, wherein:
The left surface of " (3,1) " expression workpiece makes progress, and right flank is to being placed down on the worktable." (3,2) " expression workpiece left surface forward, right flank backward, promptly be rotated counterclockwise 90 the degree.The left surface of " (3,3) " expression workpiece is to being placed down on the worktable, and right flank upwards." (3,4) " expression workpiece left surface backward, right flank is forward.
(2) reference field and datum hole are measured on request.
Get ready on reference field and datum hole with three-coordinates measuring machine, then measure, in the present embodiment, select a reference field and two datum holes for use.
(3) computational analysis benchmark element, according to 615 or D12 body benchmark element between difference, judge that the body measuring is 615 bodies or D12 body; Judge the laying state of workpiece again according to the direction vector of benchmark element; Possibly be (3,1), maybe possibly be other.Select the chaining pin sense of rotation according to laying state again, if (3,1) place, rotation chaining pin " A90B0 " just can the measuring basis face, and rotating chaining pin " A0B0 " just can the measurement of left side.
According to the different characteristics of different bodies, increase by 1,2 and judge measurement point, just can determine concrete type, be component such as the body of measuring, or cylinder block, or crankcase.
(4) judgement finishes, and measures, and through changing each parameter of security plane, controls the operating path of chaining pin.Call in the various parameters of the tested element of measured workpiece, realize measuring automatically.
Give an example 2: for the measurement of milling bent axle and 615 finished product bent axles in the D12 bent axle, 615
Because it is the bent axle profile is simpler than body, and similar, therefore then simple relatively to the measurement of this veriety.
(1) at first confirms the measurement project, and measured workpiece is placed on the worktable that such workpiece has only a kind of laying state.
(2) the benchmark cylindrical is measured.
(3) computational analysis benchmark element judges it is to mill bent axle or 615 finished product bent axles in the D12 bent axle, 615 according to the external diameter in connecting rod footpath.
(4) according to the laying state of measurement project and measured workpiece, confirm the sense of rotation and the operating path of chaining pin, beginning is measured automatically.
What should be understood that is: the foregoing description is just to explanation of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, and any innovation and creation that do not exceed in the connotation scope of the present invention all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. three-dimensional intelligent measurement method is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) requires to confirm the measurement project according to artwork or part drawing, come the preliminary laying state of confirming measured workpiece, and measured workpiece is placed on the worktable according to the measurement project;
(2) measuring basis element is set up the coordinate system of measured workpiece;
(3) the benchmark element that records of computational analysis is judged the kind and the final laying state of workpiece of measured workpiece;
(4), confirm the sense of rotation and the safe operation path of chaining pin according to the kind of measurement project, measured workpiece and the laying state of workpiece.
2. three-dimensional intelligent measurement method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that if after step (2) end; Step (3) still can't be judged the kind of measured workpiece; Then increase a benchmark element or characteristic element repeating step (2) and step (3) again, so circulation is until the kind of accurately judging measured workpiece.
3. three-dimensional intelligent measurement method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that in step (4); The mode that security plane is set according to the kind and the laying state of measurement project, measured workpiece is confirmed the sense of rotation and the safe operation path of chaining pin, avoids chaining pin in operational process, to produce collision with measured workpiece.
4. like any one described three-dimensional intelligent measurement method of claim 1-3; It is characterized in that in step (4); The measured workpiece coordinate system that the coordinate system of the tested element in the measurement project and step (2) are set up is not simultaneously; Through the coordinate system conversion parameter is set, conversion comes to generate automatically the sense of rotation and the safe operation path of chaining pin under different coordinate systems.
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Application publication date: 20120704 |