CN102537089A - Shafting mechanical structure for eliminating thermal stress and thermal gap between different materials - Google Patents
Shafting mechanical structure for eliminating thermal stress and thermal gap between different materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN102537089A CN102537089A CN2012100331556A CN201210033155A CN102537089A CN 102537089 A CN102537089 A CN 102537089A CN 2012100331556 A CN2012100331556 A CN 2012100331556A CN 201210033155 A CN201210033155 A CN 201210033155A CN 102537089 A CN102537089 A CN 102537089A
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- shell
- pin
- mechanical structure
- thermal stress
- different materials
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- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 abstract 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014987 copper Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a shafting mechanical structure for eliminating thermal stress and thermal gaps among different materials, which adopts a structural form of transferring structural members of different materials by using pins and consists of a shell, an internal bearing seat and the pins. The shell material is LY12 aluminum alloy, and the inside bearing frame material is 45 steel, 6 position matching's pinholes of shell and inside bearing frame circumference equipartition, and the pin material is cast copper, and the pin matches with the pinhole size on shell and the inside bearing frame and has certain interference volume in order to guarantee to connect the fastening. There is a radial clearance of 1mm between the housing and the inner bearing seat. The number of pins in the whole structure, the size of the pins and the interference magnitude of the pins are optimized through finite element analysis. The structure can avoid the extrusion thermal stress between the shaft system shell and the inner bearing seat when the environmental temperature is changed violently and eliminate the thermal gap, and simultaneously ensure the fastening state between the shell and the inner bearing seat and the mechanical rigidity of the whole structure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mechanical design field, relating to a kind of elimination axle is that mechanical structure inside is different because of material, the thermal stress that when temperature change, takes place and the mechanical structure form of temperature gap.
Background technique
Modern machine is made the field, and aluminium is little with respect to steel density, cheap because of having, and is easy to characteristics such as processing, often is used in mechanical property is required in some very not strict structures.And axle is some key components and partss in the mechanical structure (like bearing supports etc.), then must use steel for guaranteeing its mechanical property, and being used of steel part and aluminum component used more and morely in mechanical design field now.Yet the thermal expansion coefficient owing to steel and aluminium when using conventional method to assemble exists than big-difference; In the application that operating temperatures such as Aero-Space change in than large-temperature range, steel aluminium accessory in use occurs because of problems such as different extruding thermal stress that produce of heat distortion amount and temperature gaps easily.Thermal stress causes mechanical structure material deformation to occur than senior general and life-span of reducing mechanical structure, and temperature gap will influence the operating accuracy of mechanical structure and the mechanical stiffness of system.In heavy mechanical equipment and accurate mechanical equipment, the influence of thermal stress and temperature gap problem embodies more outstanding, adopts traditional assembly method will can't satisfy the performance and the life requirements of equipment probably.For the mechanical parts that solves different materials produces the problem of thermal stress and temperature gap when the temperature change, considering the mechanical material that the employing thermal expansion coefficient is close or introducing some special mechanical structure form is more rational technological approaches.If adopt the close mechanical material of thermal expansion coefficient; For example the inner shaft bearing adopts 45 steel; And the bearing shell is used the close with it titanium alloy of thermal expansion coefficient instead, though the method can suitably be improved thermal stress and temperature gap situation, owing to receive the manufacture cost height; The restriction of aspect factors such as the processing technology difficulty strengthens, and mechanical structure weight is wayward and be difficult to be used widely.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is: overcome the deficiency of traditional mounting technology, provide that a kind of to be used to eliminate axle be thermal stress and the mechanical structure form of temperature gap between the inner different materials of mechanical structure.The machinery inside configuration was because of the different thermal stress that produce of material when this structural type can effectively reduce temperature change; Guarantee the tightening state and the mechanical stiffness of mechanical structure simultaneously, satisfy the application demand that heavy mechanical equipment and accurate mechanical equipment adapt to big temperature change scope.
The technological scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is: a kind of axle of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap is a mechanical structure; Said axle is that mechanical structure is assembled by inner shaft bearing, shell and some pins; Shell and inner shaft bearing last week be to the pin-and-hole that is evenly equipped with some location matches, utilizes between shell and the inner shaft bearing to have certain magnitude of interference pin and connect fixing; Said pin can produce temperature gap guaranteeing to connect under the prerequisite of tightening state and mechanical stiffness when avoiding variation of ambient temperature, and the mutual extrusion distortion of effectively avoiding shell and inner shaft bearing possibly cause because of thermal expansion coefficient is different.
Preferably, said shell adopts the less LY12 aluminum alloy of density, external diameter 300mm, and internal diameter 250mm, thickness 40mm, it circumferentially is uniformly distributed with 6 Φ 8 through holes; Inner structural members adopts 45 steel of satisfactory mechanical property, external diameter 248mm, and internal diameter 190mm, thickness 40mm, it circumferentially is uniformly distributed with 6 Φ 8 blind holes, the dark 18mm of blind hole.
Preferably, the pin-and-hole of said shell and inner shaft bearing is all done the chamfering of 45 ° 1mm; The effect of this chamfering is: pin is concentrated because of the stress that the different mutual extrusion of heat distortion amount produce with pin-and-hole EDGE CONTACT part when avoiding because of variation of ambient temperature, and the pin that causes deforms.
Preferably, said axle is to adopt pin will radially exist the shell in gap and inner shaft bearing to carry out fastening in the mechanical structure; Adopt the pin material be cast copper, its thermal expansion coefficient is 1.67 * 10
-5M/ (Km), between the thermal expansion coefficient of LY12 aluminum alloy and 45 steel, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of LY12 aluminum alloy and 45 steel is respectively 2.36 * 10
-5M/ (Km) and 12 * 10
-5M/ (Km), the thermal distortion and the thermal stress of machinery inside configuration when helping reducing variation of ambient temperature as far as possible; Simultaneously because the thermal conductivity of cast copper can reach 386W/ (Km); Greater than the common metallic material of majority; Therefore can make shell and inner shaft bearing that effectively heat transmission takes place, avoid in the temperature change process mechanical structure inside temperature difference to occur thus and cause extra thermal distortion and thermal stress.
Preferably, the number of pins that is adopted is 6, and pin is of a size of Φ 8 and magnitude of interference is 2 μ m; The number of pin; Shape and magnitude of interference all pass through the finite element method optimal design, and total thermal stress in the process of variation of ambient temperature is rationally distributed, and can effectively reduce stress and concentrate.
Preferably; This mechanical structure can not produce obvious distortion under the working environment of 10 ℃～60 ℃ intensifications and 10 ℃～-40 ℃ of coolings; And when in the said temperature environment, bearing the bearing load of 1000N; Its fastening degree and mechanical stiffness still can be guaranteed, and its first natural frequency can reach 1930Hz.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
The present invention adopts the pin ways of connecting to come to carry out fastening to shell and bearing support; Compare with traditional direct fit; Can avoid the temperature gap that when temperature rises, possibly occur between aluminium shell and the steel bearing support, improve the fastening degree and the rigidity of whole mechanical structure thus; Mutual extrusion and the thermal stress and extruding thermal distortion that cause between shell and the bearing support in the time of can also avoiding simultaneously temperature to descend improve the life-span and the reliability of mechanical structure.More and more in the bigger applications of operating ambient temperature excursions such as Aero-Space of being used along with between the different materials cooperate issuable thermal stress and temperature gap problem more and more outstanding between the different materials.Compare with traditional fit; The present invention can effectively reduce thermal stress and eliminate temperature gap under the prerequisite that guarantees tightening state and mechanical stiffness; Satisfy the needs that are used for different materials in the aerospace equipment; The axle that the raising different materials is used is the precision of mechanical structure, life-span and reliability.
Description of drawings
The corresponding shafting structure sketch of Fig. 1 instance of the present invention;
Fig. 2 instance overall structure of the present invention figure;
Fig. 3 instance overall structure of the present invention sectional drawing;
Fig. 4 instance aluminium shell of the present invention structural drawing;
Fig. 5 instance steel of the present invention bearing block structure figure;
Fig. 6 instance copper of the present invention pin feature figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further to describe in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the corresponding shafting structure of mechanical structure of the present invention is mainly by aluminium shell 1, steel bearing support 2, and cast copper pin 3, bearing side inner panel 4, bearing end cover 5, bearing 6 constitutes with axle 7.Wherein can realize disappearing the mechanical part of thermal stress and temperature gap by aluminium shell 1, steel bearing support 2, cast copper pin 3 constitutes.The bearing that is used is a GB/T 276-1994 deep groove ball bearing, and its internal diameter is 105mm, and external diameter is 190mm, and axial thickness is 36mm.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, axle of the present invention be the funtion part of mechanical mechanism mainly by aluminium shell 1, steel bearing support 2 and 6 cast coppers pin 3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6 constitutes.With reference to shown in Figure 2, utilize the cast copper pin to be fastenedly connected between aluminium shell 1 and the steel bearing support 2, pin 3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5, the gap of the 2mm that has an appointment between the counterbore on the bottom of 3-6 and the steel bearing support 2.Whole mechanical structure thickness is 40mm.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, aluminum shell 1 adopts the LY12 aluminum alloy to be processed into, and external diameter is 300mm, and internal diameter is 250mm.Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, aluminium shell 1 circumferentially is uniformly distributed with 6 Φ 8 through holes, and does 45 ° 1mm chamfering at the edge of through hole.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, steel bearing support 2 adopts No. 45 steel to be processed into, and external diameter is 248mm, and internal diameter is 190mm.Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 5, steel bearing support 2 circumferentially is uniformly distributed with 6 dark 18 Φ 8 blind holes, and does 45 ° 1mm chamfering at the blind hole edge.
As shown in Figure 6, cast copper pin 3-1,3-2,3-3,3-4,3-5,3-6 all adopt cast copper to be processed into, and length is 50mm, and diameter is Φ 8, and has the magnitude of interference of 2 μ m.
In addition, the present invention also has following optimized project:
(1) gap that exists between internal diameter of outer cover and the bearing support external diameter is through finite element analysis optimization.Owing to connect fastening between shell and the bearing support through pin; The stress distribution of pin when existing gap changes the appreciable impact temperature environment between shell and the bearing support, and the fastening degree and the structural rigidity of whole mechanical structure when bearing bearing load.For this reason; Through optimizing the radial clearance between shell and the bearing is designed to 1mm; (internal diameter of outer cover be 250mm and the bearing support external diameter is 248mm) can guarantee to connect under the prerequisite of fastening and structural rigidity, and the excessive stress of in the temperature environment change procedure appearances of avoiding pinning is concentrated.
(2) fastening owing to connecting through pin between shell and the bearing support, the thermal stress and the number of pins that in the temperature change process, are produced, size and magnitude of interference are all closely related.The number of for this reason pinning, size and magnitude of interference have all been made finite element optimum design.For physical dimension other similar means different with the present invention, can be according to the present invention design philosophy carry out confirming after the finite element optimum design number, size and the magnitude of interference of pin.
(3) the pin-and-hole edge of shell and bearing support is through finite element optimum design.In the finite element analysis process, find; The pin-and-hole of shell and bearing support done 45 ° edge chamfer; Can effectively reduce pins when variation of ambient temperature concentrates because of the stress that the different mutual extrusion of heat distortion amount produce with pin-and-hole EDGE CONTACT part; Thereby improve the working life of pin, improve the reliability of whole mechanical structure.
The axle of above-mentioned a kind of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap is that mechanical structure mainly is to design for the bearing support that solves aerial camera and the matching problem of shell.According to finite element analysis; Mechanical structure involved in the present invention is if adopt traditional fit; Operating temperature drops to-40 ℃ process from 10 ℃, will produce the thermal stress of 33.7MPa between shell and the bearing support, and the bearing support inner ring will produce the thermal stress of 26.3Mpa; And operating temperature rises to 60 ℃ process from 10 ℃, between shell and the bearing support temperature gap will appear.The present invention can effectively solve thermal stress and the temperature gap problem between above-mentioned bearing support and the shell.Because bearing size possibly change with the load of bearing, the physical dimension among the present invention maybe with actual product difference to some extent.But according to design philosophy of the present invention; Size be can produce fully and different disappear thermal stress and temperature gap mechanical structure carried; In order to adapt to bigger bearing load and to guarantee more fastening coupled condition, can suitably adjust number, size and the magnitude of interference of pin.
The part that the present invention does not set forth in detail belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (6)
1. the axle of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap is a mechanical structure; It is characterized in that: said axle is that mechanical structure is assembled by inner shaft bearing, shell and some pins; Shell and inner shaft bearing last week be to the pin-and-hole that is evenly equipped with some location matches, utilizes between shell and the inner shaft bearing to have certain magnitude of interference pin and connect fixing; Said pin can produce temperature gap guaranteeing to connect under the prerequisite of tightening state and mechanical stiffness when avoiding variation of ambient temperature, and the mutual extrusion distortion of effectively avoiding shell and inner shaft bearing possibly cause because of thermal expansion coefficient is different.
2. the axle of a kind of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap according to claim 1 is a mechanical structure; It is characterized in that: said shell adopts the less LY12 aluminum alloy of density, external diameter 300mm, internal diameter 250mm; Thickness 40mm, it circumferentially is uniformly distributed with 6 Φ 8 through holes; Inner structural members adopts 45 steel of satisfactory mechanical property, external diameter 248mm, and internal diameter 190mm, thickness 40mm, it circumferentially is uniformly distributed with 6 Φ 8 blind holes, the dark 18mm of blind hole.
3. the axle of a kind of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap according to claim 1 and 2 is a mechanical structure, and it is characterized in that: the pin-and-hole of said shell and inner shaft bearing is all done the chamfering of 45 ° 1mm; The effect of this chamfering is: pin is concentrated because of the stress that the different mutual extrusion of heat distortion amount produce with pin-and-hole EDGE CONTACT part when avoiding because of variation of ambient temperature, and the pin that causes deforms.
4. the axle of a kind of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap according to claim 1 is a mechanical structure, it is characterized in that: said axle is to adopt pin will radially exist the shell in gap and inner shaft bearing to carry out fastening in the mechanical structure; Adopt the pin material be cast copper, its thermal expansion coefficient is 1.67 * 10
-5M/ (Km), between the thermal expansion coefficient of LY12 aluminum alloy and 45 steel, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of LY12 aluminum alloy and 45 steel is respectively 2.36 * 10
-5M/ (Km) and 1.2 * 10
-5M/ (Km), the thermal distortion and the thermal stress of machinery inside configuration when helping reducing variation of ambient temperature as far as possible; Simultaneously because the thermal conductivity of cast copper can reach 386W/ (Km); Greater than the common metallic material of majority; Therefore can make shell and inner shaft bearing that effectively heat transmission takes place, avoid in the temperature change process mechanical structure inside temperature difference to occur thus and cause extra thermal distortion and thermal stress.
5. the axle of a kind of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gap according to claim 1 is a mechanical structure; It is characterized in that: the number of pins that is adopted is 6; Pin is of a size of Φ 8 and magnitude of interference is 2 μ m, the number of pin, and shape and magnitude of interference all pass through the finite element method optimal design; Total thermal stress in the process of variation of ambient temperature is rationally distributed, can effectively reduce stress and concentrate.
6. the axle according to claim 2 or 5 described a kind of be used for disappearing between the different materials thermal stress and temperature gaps is a mechanical structure; It is characterized in that: this mechanical structure can not produce obvious distortion under the working environment of 10 ℃～60 ℃ intensifications and 10 ℃～-40 ℃ of coolings; And when in the said temperature environment, bearing the bearing load of 1000N; Its fastening degree and mechanical stiffness still can be guaranteed, and its first natural frequency can reach 1930Hz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210033155.6A CN102537089B (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2012-02-15 | Shafting mechanical structure for eliminating thermal stress and thermal gap between different materials |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210033155.6A CN102537089B (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2012-02-15 | Shafting mechanical structure for eliminating thermal stress and thermal gap between different materials |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102537089A true CN102537089A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102537089B CN102537089B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201210033155.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102537089B (en) | 2012-02-15 | 2012-02-15 | Shafting mechanical structure for eliminating thermal stress and thermal gap between different materials |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112032075A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 上海电气（集团）总公司 | Support device for ultra-low temperature thermal decoupling turbine rotor |
| CN112639394A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-04-09 | 瓦锡兰芬兰有限公司 | Method and device for measuring height of tight allowance of sliding bearing |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201155917Y (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2008-11-26 | 邹平三星机械制造有限公司 | Tube bundle drying machines thermal expansion sliding device |
| DE102007061540A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Honsel Ag | Bearing bush for axle drive of motor vehicle, has outer and inner bushes comprising respective materials with different thermal expansion coefficients and connected with each other by casting, where outer bush partially encloses inner bush |
| CN201696106U (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-01-05 | 宁波更大集团有限公司 | Turbocharger bearing antiskid structure |
| EP2354477A2 (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-10 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Camshaft with a roller bearing, installation assembly for a camshaft with a roller bearing and method for producing same |
| CN102312925A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for fixing thrust bearing ring |
-
2012
- 2012-02-15 CN CN201210033155.6A patent/CN102537089B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007061540A1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Honsel Ag | Bearing bush for axle drive of motor vehicle, has outer and inner bushes comprising respective materials with different thermal expansion coefficients and connected with each other by casting, where outer bush partially encloses inner bush |
| CN201155917Y (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2008-11-26 | 邹平三星机械制造有限公司 | Tube bundle drying machines thermal expansion sliding device |
| EP2354477A2 (en) * | 2010-01-27 | 2011-08-10 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Camshaft with a roller bearing, installation assembly for a camshaft with a roller bearing and method for producing same |
| CN201696106U (en) * | 2010-06-11 | 2011-01-05 | 宁波更大集团有限公司 | Turbocharger bearing antiskid structure |
| CN102312925A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Method for fixing thrust bearing ring |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112639394A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2021-04-09 | 瓦锡兰芬兰有限公司 | Method and device for measuring height of tight allowance of sliding bearing |
| CN112639394B (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2023-05-12 | 瓦锡兰芬兰有限公司 | Method and device for measuring the height of the clearance of a sliding bearing |
| CN112032075A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-12-04 | 上海电气（集团）总公司 | Support device for ultra-low temperature thermal decoupling turbine rotor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102537089B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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Granted publication date: 20140326 Termination date: 20160215 |