CN102536591B - Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes - Google Patents
Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102536591B CN102536591B CN201210026216.6A CN201210026216A CN102536591B CN 102536591 B CN102536591 B CN 102536591B CN 201210026216 A CN201210026216 A CN 201210026216A CN 102536591 B CN102536591 B CN 102536591B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel mixed-flow type water turbine for improving the fish-passing capability of the water turbine, wherein a smaller quantity of vanes is adopted to increase the length of the vanes and increase the size of a flow passage so as to maintain the same capacity and electricity-generating quantity; the wing shape near an upper crown is the negative curvature, a runner-vane inlet is thicker, the cross section is of a fish-shaped structure, and the ratio of the smallest thickness to the largest thickness of the wing shapes for the vanes is 0.2 to 0.3 so as to reduce the phenomena of cavitation corrosion and water-flow separation generated on a high water-head lower inlet edge and improve the passing safety conditions of the fishes; and the distance between a movable guide vane and a runner vane is increased so as to decrease the probability of suffering frictional damage of the fishes between the tail edge of the guide vane and a runner. According to the invention, the same capacity can be maintained under the condition of decreasing the quantity of the vanes, the flowing state of the flow passage is improved to minimize the cavitation corrosion, and the survival rate of the fishes passing the water turbine is increased on the premise of ensuring the electricity-generating efficiency as 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Francis turbine, specifically a kind of Francis turbine that increases fish survival rate by improving the design of runner.
Background technique
By the fish of water turbine, subject to various forms of coercing, may cause high mortality.This coercing comprises the motion of turbo machine or the possibility that fixed component (guide vane, blade and wheel blade) clashes into, the flip-flop of acceleration or deceleration and pressure suddenly.For fish, by the micromechanism of damage research of water turbine, external (as the U.S., Canada, Sweden, Holland, Germany and France), mainly take samlet as research object, test samlet is by survival rate under different hydraulic turbine operation operating modes.Samlet the in the situation that of combined flow turbine death-rate variation less than 5% between more than 95%, the cause of death of samlet is mainly because combined flow turbine is arranged under higher head conventionally.Nineteen ninety-five, AUS engineering division has set up a Turbine Flow Passage fish viability study group, the Injury Mechanism that group's brainstrust may cause water turbine to fish divides 4 classes to comprise: 1. mechanical mechanism: scratch, friction and shock, it depends on number and the space of sluicing and flow velocity, turbine blade and the geometrical shape of runner; 2. pressure, the variance ratio that bears pressure size and pressure of fish and fish is depended in damage; 3. cavitation corrosion, the operation cavitation corrosion constant that the highest fish survival rate of Foster engineering occurs in water turbine is that critical value obtains at 1/2～1/3 o'clock; 4. shearing force and turbulent flow, shearing stress maximum value appear at fluid near the solid boundaries of process, as blade inlet edge, wheel blade and stator place.
Once determine Injury Mechanism, just can determine biology design standard, and be incorporated in water turbine new and transformation, make water turbine more favourable to fish.Current domestic hydraulic engineering is for helping the descending measure of fish to consider very less, even do not consider, particularly some rare fingerlings are injured in Turbine Flow Passage to cause fish, even lethal event happens occasionally, cause the infringement to the stock of fish, just once mandarin sturgeon occurring is strayed into the event that Turbine Flow Passage is lethal in the operation of the three gorges hydropower plant, and this causes larger loss to rare mandarin sturgeon resource.For common water turbine, fish exceed 30% by the death-rate of water turbine, and the operation of the visible water turbine existence of watershed Mesichthyes has caused certain threat.By the end of the year 2009, China's hydropower installed capacity has reached 1.97 hundred million kilowatts, and large medium-size station has 263 at present, is positioned at the 1st, the world.Therefore, when accelerating China's construction of hydropower facilities, fish are launched to further investigation by the damage probability of water turbine, the Turbine Flow Passage pattern of seeking minimizing fish body damage probability is the key subjects that China's HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY sustainable development faces.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcome the shortcoming of prior art, a kind of Francis turbine that increases fish survival rate by improving the design of runner is proposed, guaranteeing that generating efficiency is under 90% prerequisite, reduce blade number, increase flow channels, improve flow passage state, reduce cavitation corrosion, homogenizing internal pressure, improves fish by the survival rate of water turbine.
The technological scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem is: a kind of Francis turbine that increases fish survival rate is provided, mainly metal spiral case, seat ring, negative cruvature fixed guide vane, movable guide vane, guide vane teunnion, cover plate, bearing support, tapered draft tube and water turbine rotary component, consists of; Described metal spiral case inner side and seat ring are through being weldingly connected; Described water turbine rotary component comprises ring, main shaft and draft cone under X-type turbine runner blade, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine; Described X-type turbine runner blade is fixed under X-type rotary wheel of water turbine and is encircled between X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown by welding method, and between described runner crown and main shaft, by key carry-over moment, described draft cone is secured by bolts in runner crown lower surface; Described main shaft is arranged on bearing support, and described cover plate adopts bolt fixed mode to be connected with seat ring; Described movable guide vane is fixed on guide vane teunnion, and the lower end of described guide vane teunnion is bearing on base ring, and cover plate is stretched out in upper end; Described negative cruvature fixed guide vane is installed on described movable guide vane outside, and is arranged on concentric cylndrical surface with described movable guide vane, is and is arranged side by side, and forms double circular row leaf grating; The inlet side thickness of described X-type turbine runner blade thickens, and from inlet side, to Exit-edge blade section, is " fish shape structure ", and the minimum thickness of vane airfoil profile is 0.2～0.3 with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge.
The technological scheme that the present invention further limits is: the Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate, the number of blade of described X-type turbine runner blade is 6, rotary wheel of water turbine height
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
0.76 times, rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter
with rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
ratio be 1.05.
The Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate, described movable guide vane distribution circular diameter
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
1.22 times.
The Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate, the installation number of described negative cruvature fixed guide vane is 8.
Further, the Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate, described X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown inlet angle
be 53.3 °, exit angle
it is 20.1 °; Under described X-type rotary wheel of water turbine, ring adopts the linear structure with cone angle, and its cone angle is 8 °.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) is with respect to traditional francis turbine runner, the present invention has reduced turbine runner blade, adopt the blade lengthening, increase rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter, using the flow area of making a slip of the tongue increases, conveyance capacity increases, and has reduced the flow velocity at blade exit place simultaneously, improves cavitation performance; Appropriateness increases the cone angle of runner lower ring, water turbine peak efficiency can change hardly, but the conveyance capacity of runner has increased by 2.5%～3%, exert oneself and increased by 2%～2.5%, cavitation coefficient, cavitation factor, Toma coefficient declines to some extent, under the condition that maintains identical capacity, generated energy, has reduced the abrasive probability that fish is impacted.(2) X-type turbine runner blade of the present invention is keeping the shape of conventional rotor blade with the approaching position of runner lower ring, and by traditional positive curved surface rate, becomes negative cruvature near crown place is wing, and blade area increases, reduced thickness.The inlet side thickness of X-type turbine runner blade thickens, from inlet side, to Exit-edge blade section, be " fish shape structure ", more be conducive to improve unit operating mode and move the impact of the caused incoming flow angle of attack, prevent under operation at part load, the X-type turbine runner blade head back side occurs forming whirlpool, non-stationary motion Ye road compared with the large angle of attack, efficiency when raising runner departs from optimum operating condition operation, improves inlet flow conditions.(3) the present invention is by increasing the distance between movable guide vane and runner, reduced the probability that fish suffers friction injury between the trailing edge of stator and runner.In sum, adopt after above technological scheme, the present invention can guarantee that the efficiency of water turbine is in 90%, improves fish by the survival rate of water turbine.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of X-type runner bucket of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is X-type runner bucket crown schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the water inlet limit of runner bucket and the outlet edge projection line schematic diagram at Z-X face.
Fig. 5 is runner bucket perspective view on axial plane.
Fig. 6 is negative cruvature aerofoil profile guide vane structure schematic diagram.
In figure, ring, 9-cover plate, 10-bearing support, 11-main shaft, 12-tapered draft tube, 13-draft cone under 1-metal spiral case, 2-seat ring, 3-negative cruvature fixed guide vane, 4-movable guide vane, 5-guide vane teunnion, 6-X type turbine runner blade, 7-X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown, 8-X type rotary wheel of water turbine.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of be hurt Francis turbine of probability of fish that reduces, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, comprise under metal spiral case 1, seat ring 2, negative cruvature fixed guide vane 3, movable guide vane 4, guide vane teunnion 5, X-type turbine runner blade 6, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown 7, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine, encircle 8, cover plate 9, bearing support 10, main shaft 11, tapered draft tube 12, draft cone 13; In metal spiral case 1, be connected by welding method with seat ring 2; Water turbine rotary component by encircling 8 under X-type turbine runner blade 6, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown 7, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine, main shaft 11 and draft cone 13 form; X-type turbine runner blade 6 by welding method be fixed under X-type rotary wheel of water turbine, encircle 8 and X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown 7 between, between runner crown 7 and main shaft 11, by key carry-over moment, runner crown lower surface connects draft cone 13; Main shaft 11 is arranged on bearing support 10, between cover plate 9 and seat ring 2, adopts bolt to fix.Movable guide vane 4 is fixed on guide vane teunnion 5, and the lower end of guide vane teunnion 5 is bearing on base ring 2, and cover plate 9 is stretched out in upper end, and 8 single-row annular negative cruvature fixed guide vanes 3 of setting adopt welding method to be fixed on base ring 2.
Movable guide vane 4 distribution circular diameters of the present invention
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
1.22 times, the height of movable guide vane 4
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
0.3 times.Movable guide vane 4 is arranged on the cylndrical surface concentric with water turbine with negative cruvature stator 3, is arranged side by side, and forms double circular row leaf grating.
Rotary wheel of water turbine height of the present invention
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
0.76 times, rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter is
with rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
ratio be 1.05, the number of blade is elected 6 as, water inlet limit thickness is greater than outlet edge thickness, its cross-cutting fault is " fish shape structure ", vane airfoil profile minimum thickness is 0.25～0.3 with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge.
X-type turbine runner blade 6 imports of the present invention have " negative incidence " a, and blade outlet is not on axial plane, but a space curve, wing near crown place is negative cruvature, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown inlet angle
be 53.3 °, exit angle
it is 20.1 °; Under described X-type rotary wheel of water turbine, ring adopts the linear structure with cone angle, and its cone angle is 8 °.
In the present embodiment, for traditional water turbine injury experiment statistics of different working conditions, the crucian damage ratio of the long 50mm of average body is 5%～10%, and the damage ratio of the grass carp of the long 100mm～200mm of body is down to 60%～95%.Adopt this experiment novel, runner nominal diameter 5.46m as shown in Figure 1 and the runner of 4.15m, the number of blade is 6, runner bucket inlet side maximum ga(u)ge is 12cm, vane airfoil profile minimum thickness with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge for getting 0.27, movable guide vane 4 distribution circular diameters
get the height of 6.66m movable guide vane 4
get 1.64m, discharge diameter of runner
for 5.73m, generating efficiency is 91%, and the crucian damage ratio of the long 50mm of average body is 5%～8%, and the damage ratio of the grass carp of the long 100mm～200mm of body is down to 5%～20%.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other mode of executions.All employings are equal to the technological scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. increase a Francis turbine for fish survival rate, by metal spiral case, seat ring, negative cruvature fixed guide vane, movable guide vane, guide vane teunnion, cover plate, bearing support, tapered draft tube and water turbine rotary component, formed; It is characterized in that: described metal spiral case inner side and seat ring are through being weldingly connected; Described water turbine rotary component comprises ring, main shaft and draft cone under X-type turbine runner blade, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown, X-type rotary wheel of water turbine; Described X-type turbine runner blade is fixed under X-type rotary wheel of water turbine and is encircled between X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown by welding method, and between described runner crown and main shaft, by key carry-over moment, described draft cone is secured by bolts in runner crown lower surface; Described main shaft is arranged on bearing support, and described cover plate adopts bolt fixed mode to be connected with seat ring; Described movable guide vane is fixed on guide vane teunnion, and the lower end of described guide vane teunnion is bearing on base ring, and cover plate is stretched out in upper end; Described negative cruvature fixed guide vane is installed on described movable guide vane outside, and is arranged on concentric cylndrical surface with described movable guide vane, is and is arranged side by side, and forms double circular row leaf grating;
Described X-type turbine runner blade quantity is 6, rotary wheel of water turbine height
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
0.76 times, rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter
with rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
ratio be 1.05, the water inlet limit thickness of described X-type turbine runner blade is greater than outlet edge thickness, described X-type turbine runner blade cross-cutting fault is " fish shape structure ", and described X-type turbine runner blade aerofoil profile minimum thickness is 0.25～0.3 with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge.
2. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described movable guide vane distribution circular diameter
for rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
1.22 times.
3. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the installation number of described negative cruvature fixed guide vane is 8.
4. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described X-type rotary wheel of water turbine crown inlet angle
be 53.3 °, exit angle
it is 20.1 °; Under described X-type rotary wheel of water turbine, ring adopts the linear structure with cone angle, and its cone angle is 8 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026216.6A CN102536591B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026216.6A CN102536591B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes |
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| CN102536591A CN102536591A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102536591B true CN102536591B (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102777310B (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2014-09-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Buffering and illuminating system used for reducing impact damage on water turbine caused by fishes passing water turbine |
| CN103563820B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-08-06 | 河海大学 | Experiment device used for measuring fish injury caused by cavitation bubbles in runner of water turbine |
| CN107237711B (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-11-08 | 三峡大学 | A kind of parent population profile shaft flow water turbine |
| CN109578189B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2023-12-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | Three-stage chain wheel and chain transmission type ecological fish-passing water turbine |
| CN111535973A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low specific speed double-inlet volute mixed-flow water turbine suitable for cooling tower |
| CN111594369A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-28 | 河海大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute suitable for cooling tower |
| CN111535974A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low-water-head large-flow mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute |
| CN111535971A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low specific speed mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute |
| CN113266504A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-17 | 西安理工大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine with bionic tadpole-shaped blades |
Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1076253A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-15 | 东方电机厂 | Water turbine with adjustable outlet of rotary wheel |
| CN1163348A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-10-29 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Water conservancy machinery |
| CA2436670A1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-07 | General Electric Canada Inc. | Hydraulic turbine with interblade vortex suppressor |
| CN201133321Y (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-10-15 | 东方电机股份有限公司 | Small runner crown exit port mixed flow turbine runner |
| CN101482083A (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2009-07-15 | 河海大学 | Ultra-low specific speed mixed-flow type turbine |
| JP4703578B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2011-06-15 | 東京電力株式会社 | Francis turbine |
-
2012
- 2012-02-07 CN CN201210026216.6A patent/CN102536591B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1076253A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-15 | 东方电机厂 | Water turbine with adjustable outlet of rotary wheel |
| CN1163348A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-10-29 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Water conservancy machinery |
| CA2436670A1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-07 | General Electric Canada Inc. | Hydraulic turbine with interblade vortex suppressor |
| JP4703578B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2011-06-15 | 東京電力株式会社 | Francis turbine |
| CN201133321Y (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-10-15 | 东方电机股份有限公司 | Small runner crown exit port mixed flow turbine runner |
| CN101482083A (en) * | 2009-01-22 | 2009-07-15 | 河海大学 | Ultra-low specific speed mixed-flow type turbine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特许第4703578号B2 2011.06.15 |
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Effective date of registration: 20150114 Address after: 443002 Jianshe Road, Hubei, No. 1, Patentee after: CHINA THREE GORGES Corp. Address before: Xikang Road 210098 Jiangsu city of Nanjing province No. 1 Office of the president of Hohai University Patentee before: Dai Huichao |