CN102536591A - Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes - Google Patents
Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102536591A CN102536591A CN2012100262166A CN201210026216A CN102536591A CN 102536591 A CN102536591 A CN 102536591A CN 2012100262166 A CN2012100262166 A CN 2012100262166A CN 201210026216 A CN201210026216 A CN 201210026216A CN 102536591 A CN102536591 A CN 102536591A
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- water turbine
- turbine
- guide vane
- rotary wheel
- runner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a novel mixed-flow type water turbine for improving the fish-passing capability of the water turbine, wherein a smaller quantity of vanes is adopted to increase the length of the vanes and increase the size of a flow passage so as to maintain the same capacity and electricity-generating quantity; the wing shape near an upper crown is the negative curvature, a runner-vane inlet is thicker, the cross section is of a fish-shaped structure, and the ratio of the smallest thickness to the largest thickness of the wing shapes for the vanes is 0.2 to 0.3 so as to reduce the phenomena of cavitation corrosion and water-flow separation generated on a high water-head lower inlet edge and improve the passing safety conditions of the fishes; and the distance between a movable guide vane and a runner vane is increased so as to decrease the probability of suffering frictional damage of the fishes between the tail edge of the guide vane and a runner. According to the invention, the same capacity can be maintained under the condition of decreasing the quantity of the vanes, the flowing state of the flow passage is improved to minimize the cavitation corrosion, and the survival rate of the fishes passing the water turbine is increased on the premise of ensuring the electricity-generating efficiency as 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Francis turbine, a kind of specifically Francis turbine that increases the fish survival rate through the design that improves runner.
Background technique
Fish through water turbine subjects to various forms of coercing, and possibly cause high mortality.This possibility of coercing the motion that comprises turbo machine or fixed component (guide vane, blade and wheel blade) bump, the flip-flop of acceleration suddenly or deceleration and pressure.To the micromechanism of damage research of fish through water turbine, external (like the U.S., Canada, Sweden, Holland, Germany and France) mainly is research object with the samlet, and the test samlet is through survival rate under the different water turbine operating conditions.Less than 5% between 95% or more, the cause of death of samlet mainly is to be installed in usually under the higher head owing to combined flow turbine to samlet in death-rate change under the situation of combined flow turbine.Nineteen ninety-five; AUS engineering division has set up a water turbine runner fish viability study group; The Injury Mechanism that group's brainstrust possibly cause water turbine to fish divides 4 types to comprise: 1. mechanical mechanism: scratch, friction and bump; It depends on the number and the space of sluicing and flow velocity, turbine blade, and the geometrical shape of runner; 2. pressure damages the variance ratio that bears pressure size and pressure that depends on fish and fish; 3. cavitation corrosion, the operation cavitation corrosion constant that the highest fish survival rate of Foster engineering occurs in water turbine is that critical value got 1/2～1/3 o'clock; 4. shearing force and turbulent flow, shearing stress maximum value appear at fluid near the solid boundaries of process, like blade inlet edge, wheel blade and stator place.
In case confirmed Injury Mechanism, just the biology design standard be can confirm, and new and the water turbine of transforming are incorporated in, make water turbine more favourable to fish.Present domestic hydraulic engineering is for helping the descending measure of fish to consider very fewly; Even do not consider; Particularly some rare fingerlings are injured in the water turbine runner to cause fish, even the incident that causes death happens occasionally, and cause the infringement to the stock of fish; Mandarin sturgeon was just once taken place and was strayed into the incident that the water turbine runner causes death in the operation of the three gorges hydropower plant, and this causes bigger loss to rare mandarin sturgeon resource.For common water turbine, fish surpass 30% through the death-rate of water turbine, and the operation of visible water turbine has caused certain threat to the existence of basin Mesichthyes.By the end of the year 2009, China's total installed capacity of hydropower capacity has reached 1.97 hundred million kilowatts, and large medium-size station has 263 at present, is positioned at the 1st in the world.Therefore, when accelerating China's construction of hydropower facilities, the damage probability of fish through water turbine launched to further investigate, seeking the water turbine runner pattern that reduces fish body damage probability is the key subjects that China's HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY sustainable development is faced.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, overcomes the shortcoming of existing technology, proposes a kind of Francis turbine that increases the fish survival rate through the design that improves runner; Guaranteeing that generating efficiency is under 90% the prerequisite, reduce the blade number, increase flow channels; Improve the flow passage state; Reduce cavitation corrosion, the homogenizing internal pressure improves the survival rate of fish through water turbine.
The technological scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem is: a kind of Francis turbine that increases the fish survival rate is provided, mainly is made up of metal spiral case, seat ring, negative cruvature fixed guide vane, movable guide vane, guide vane teunnion, cover plate, bearing support, tapered draft tube and water turbine rotary component; Said metal spiral case inboard and seat ring are through being weldingly connected; Said water turbine rotary component comprises ring, main shaft and draft cone under X type turbine runner blade, X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown, the X type rotary wheel of water turbine; Said X type turbine runner blade is fixed under the X type rotary wheel of water turbine between ring and the X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown through welding method, and through the key carry-over moment, said draft cone passes through bolt in the runner crown lower surface between said runner crown and the main shaft; Said main shaft is installed on the bearing support, and said cover plate adopts bolt fixed mode to link to each other with seat ring; Said movable guide vane is fixed on the guide vane teunnion, and the lower end of said guide vane teunnion is bearing on the base ring, and cover plate is stretched out in the upper end; Said negative cruvature fixed guide vane is installed on the said movable guide vane outside, and is arranged on the concentric cylndrical surface with said movable guide vane, is to be arranged side by side, and forms double circular row leaf grating; The inlet side thickness of said X type turbine runner blade thickens, and blade section is " fish shape structure " to the outlet limit from inlet side, and the minimum thickness of vane airfoil profile is 0.2～0.3 with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge.
The technological scheme that the present invention further limits is: the Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate; The number of blade of said X type turbine runner blade is 6; Rotary wheel of water turbine height
is 0.76 times of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
, and rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter
is 1.05 with the ratio of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
.
The Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate, said movable guide vane distribution circle diameter
is 1.22 times of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
.
The Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate, the installation number of said negative cruvature fixed guide vane is 8.
Further; The Francis turbine of aforesaid increase fish survival rate; Said X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown inlet angle
is 53.3 °, and exit angle
is 20.1 °; Said X type rotary wheel of water turbine ring down adopts the linear structure with cone angle, and its cone angle is 8 °.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) is with respect to traditional francis turbine runner; The present invention has reduced turbine runner blade, adopts the blade of lengthening, increases the rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter; Using the flow area of making a slip of the tongue increases; Conveyance capacity increases, and has reduced the flow velocity at blade exit place simultaneously, improves cavitation performance; Appropriateness increases the runner cone angle of ring down; The water turbine peak efficiency can change hardly; But the conveyance capacity of runner has increased by 2.5%～3%; Exerting oneself has increased by 2%～2.5%, and cavitation coefficient, cavitation factor, Toma coefficient descends to some extent, under the condition of keeping identical capacity, generated energy, has reduced the abrasive probability that fish is impacted.(2) X type turbine runner blade of the present invention with runner under the near position of articulating kept the shape of conventional rotor blade, and become negative cruvature by traditional positive curved surface rate near the crown place is wing, blade area increases, reduced thickness.The inlet side thickness of X type turbine runner blade thickens; Blade section is " fish shape structure " to the outlet limit from inlet side; More help improving the influence that the unit operating mode is moved the caused incoming flow angle of attack, prevent under operation at part load, the X type turbine runner blade head back side the bigger angle of attack occurs and forms the Ye Dao whirlpool of non-stationary motion; Efficient when the raising runner departs from the optimum operating condition operation is improved inlet flow conditions.(3) the present invention is through increasing the distance between movable guide vane and the runner, reduced the rubbed probability of injury of between the trailing edge of stator and runner fish.In sum, after the technological scheme more than adopting, the present invention can guarantee the efficient of water turbine in 90%, improves the survival rate of fish through water turbine.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of X type runner bucket of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an X type runner bucket crown schematic representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the water inlet limit of runner bucket and goes out the projection line schematic representation of waterside at the Z-X face.
Fig. 5 is runner bucket perspective view on axial plane.
Fig. 6 is a negative cruvature aerofoil profile guide vane structure schematic representation.
Among the figure, 1-metal spiral case, 2-seat ring, 3-negative cruvature fixed guide vane, 4-movable guide vane, 5-guide vane teunnion, 6-X type turbine runner blade, 7-X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown, 8-X type rotary wheel of water turbine be ring, 9-cover plate, 10-bearing support, 11-main shaft, 12-tapered draft tube, 13-draft cone down.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment provides a kind of be hurt Francis turbine of probability of fish that reduces; To shown in Figure 6, comprise metal spiral case 1, seat ring 2, negative cruvature fixed guide vane 3, movable guide vane 4, guide vane teunnion 5, X type turbine runner blade 6, X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown 7, X type rotary wheel of water turbine ring 8, cover plate 9, bearing support 10, main shaft 11, tapered draft tube 12, draft cone 13 down like Fig. 1; Be connected through welding method with seat ring 2 in the metal spiral case 1; Ring 8, main shaft 11 and draft cone 13 constitute the water turbine rotary component down by X type turbine runner blade 6, X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown 7, X type rotary wheel of water turbine; X type turbine runner blade 6 is fixed under the X type rotary wheel of water turbine between ring 8 and the X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown 7 through welding method, passes through the key carry-over moment between runner crown 7 and the main shaft 11, runner crown lower surface connection draft cone 13; Main shaft 11 is installed on the bearing support 10, adopts bolt between cover plate 9 and the seat ring 2.Movable guide vane 4 is fixed on the guide vane teunnion 5, and the lower end of guide vane teunnion 5 is bearing on the base ring 2, and cover plate 9 is stretched out in the upper end, and 8 single-row annular negative cruvature fixed guide vanes 3 of setting adopt welding method to be fixed on the base ring 2.
Rotary wheel of water turbine height of the present invention
is 0.76 times of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
; The rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter is
and the ratio of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
is 1.05; The number of blade is elected 6 as; Water inlet limit thickness is greater than going out waterside thickness; Its cross-cutting fault is " fish shape structure ", and the vane airfoil profile minimum thickness is 0.25～0.3 with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge.
X type turbine runner blade of the present invention 6 imports have " negative incidence " a; Blade outlet is not on axial plane; A but space curve; Wing near the crown place is negative cruvature; X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown inlet angle
is 53.3 °, and exit angle
is 20.1 °; Said X type rotary wheel of water turbine ring down adopts the linear structure with cone angle, and its cone angle is 8 °.
In the present embodiment, for the traditional water turbine damage experiment statistics of different working conditions, the crucian damage ratio of the long 50mm of average body is 5%～10%, and the damage ratio of the grass carp of the long 100mm～200mm of body reduces to 60%～95%.Adopt this experiment novel; Runner nominal diameter 5.46m as shown in Figure 1 and the runner of 4.15m; The number of blade is 6; Runner bucket inlet side maximum ga(u)ge is 12cm; The ratio of vane airfoil profile minimum thickness and maximum ga(u)ge is for getting 0.27; Movable guide vane 4 distribution circle diameters
are got the height
of 6.66m movable guide vane 4 and are got 1.64m; Discharge diameter of runner
is 5.73m; Generating efficiency is 91%; The crucian damage ratio of the long 50mm of average body is 5%～8%, and the damage ratio of the grass carp of the long 100mm～200mm of body reduces to 5%～20%.
Except that the foregoing description, the present invention can also have other mode of executions.All employings are equal to the technological scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of requirement of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a Francis turbine that increases the fish survival rate mainly is made up of metal spiral case, seat ring, negative cruvature fixed guide vane, movable guide vane, guide vane teunnion, cover plate, bearing support, tapered draft tube and water turbine rotary component; It is characterized in that: said metal spiral case inboard and seat ring are through being weldingly connected; Said water turbine rotary component comprises ring, main shaft and draft cone under X type turbine runner blade, X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown, the X type rotary wheel of water turbine; Said X type turbine runner blade is fixed under the X type rotary wheel of water turbine between ring and the X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown through welding method, and through the key carry-over moment, said draft cone passes through bolt in the runner crown lower surface between said runner crown and the main shaft; Said main shaft is installed on the bearing support, and said cover plate adopts bolt fixed mode to link to each other with seat ring; Said movable guide vane is fixed on the guide vane teunnion, and the lower end of said guide vane teunnion is bearing on the base ring, and cover plate is stretched out in the upper end; Said negative cruvature fixed guide vane is installed on the said movable guide vane outside, and is arranged on the concentric cylndrical surface with said movable guide vane, is to be arranged side by side, and forms double circular row leaf grating; The inlet side thickness of said X type turbine runner blade thickens, and blade section is " fish shape structure " to the outlet limit from inlet side, and the minimum thickness of vane airfoil profile is 0.2～0.3 with the ratio of maximum ga(u)ge.
2. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the number of blade of said X type turbine runner blade is 6; Rotary wheel of water turbine height
is 0.76 times of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
, and rotary wheel of water turbine outlet diameter
is 1.05 with the ratio of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
.
3. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said movable guide vane distribution circle diameter
is 1.22 times of rotary wheel of water turbine nominal diameter
.
4. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the installation number of said negative cruvature fixed guide vane is 8.
5. the Francis turbine of increase fish survival rate as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: said X type rotary wheel of water turbine crown inlet angle
is 53.3 °, and exit angle
is 20.1 °; Said X type rotary wheel of water turbine ring down adopts the linear structure with cone angle, and its cone angle is 8 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026216.6A CN102536591B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026216.6A CN102536591B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102536591A true CN102536591A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102536591B CN102536591B (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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ID=46344377
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210026216.6A Active CN102536591B (en) | 2012-02-07 | 2012-02-07 | Mixed-flow type water turbine for increasing survival rate of fishes |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102777310A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Buffering and illuminating system used for reducing impact damage on water turbine caused by fishes passing water turbine |
| CN103563820A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-12 | 河海大学 | Experiment device used for measuring fish injury caused by cavitation bubbles in runner of water turbine |
| CN107237711A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-10 | 三峡大学 | A kind of parent population profile shaft flow water turbine |
| CN109578189A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-04-05 | 华北水利水电大学 | Three-level sprocket wheel chain driven type ecology crosses fish and water turbine |
| CN111535971A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low specific speed mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute |
| CN111535974A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low-water-head large-flow mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute |
| CN111535973A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low specific speed double-inlet volute mixed-flow water turbine suitable for cooling tower |
| CN111594369A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-28 | 河海大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute suitable for cooling tower |
| CN113266504A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-17 | 西安理工大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine with bionic tadpole-shaped blades |
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Patent Citations (6)
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| CN1076253A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-15 | 东方电机厂 | Water turbine with adjustable outlet of rotary wheel |
| CN1163348A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1997-10-29 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Water conservancy machinery |
| CA2436670A1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-02-07 | General Electric Canada Inc. | Hydraulic turbine with interblade vortex suppressor |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102777310A (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2012-11-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Buffering and illuminating system used for reducing impact damage on water turbine caused by fishes passing water turbine |
| CN103563820A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-12 | 河海大学 | Experiment device used for measuring fish injury caused by cavitation bubbles in runner of water turbine |
| CN103563820B (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-08-06 | 河海大学 | Experiment device used for measuring fish injury caused by cavitation bubbles in runner of water turbine |
| CN107237711A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-10-10 | 三峡大学 | A kind of parent population profile shaft flow water turbine |
| CN107237711B (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2019-11-08 | 三峡大学 | A kind of parent population profile shaft flow water turbine |
| CN109578189A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-04-05 | 华北水利水电大学 | Three-level sprocket wheel chain driven type ecology crosses fish and water turbine |
| CN109578189B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2023-12-15 | 华北水利水电大学 | Three-stage chain wheel and chain transmission type ecological fish-passing water turbine |
| CN111535971A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low specific speed mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute |
| CN111535974A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low-water-head large-flow mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute |
| CN111535973A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-14 | 河海大学 | Low specific speed double-inlet volute mixed-flow water turbine suitable for cooling tower |
| CN111594369A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-08-28 | 河海大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine with double-inlet volute suitable for cooling tower |
| CN113266504A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-08-17 | 西安理工大学 | Mixed-flow water turbine with bionic tadpole-shaped blades |
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| CN102536591B (en) | 2014-04-16 |
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Effective date of registration: 20150114 Address after: 443002 Jianshe Road, Hubei, No. 1, Patentee after: CHINA THREE GORGES Corp. Address before: Xikang Road 210098 Jiangsu city of Nanjing province No. 1 Office of the president of Hohai University Patentee before: Dai Huichao |