CN102533423B - Non-graphite type lubricant for hot die forging of metal and preparation method of non-graphite type lubricant - Google Patents
Non-graphite type lubricant for hot die forging of metal and preparation method of non-graphite type lubricant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-based non-graphite type lubricant, which is characterized by comprising the following ingredients in percentage by weight: 26%-35% of inorganic substance with layered lattice structures, 10%-15% of high-temperature-resistant lubricant, 12%-24% of suspending agent, 30%-47% of high-temperature adhesive and 1%-3% of adjuvant. The water-based non-graphite type lubricant is an environment-friendly lubricant for hot die forging, can replace a graphite type lubricant, and is especially suitable for the hot die forging of metal, in particular, for the hot die forging of large-sized aluminum pieces. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the water-based non-graphite type lubricant. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process and excellent film-forming performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallic substance Technology of Plastic Processing field, be specially a kind of metal fever die forging with lubricator and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In the hot closed-die forging technique of metallic substance, frictional coefficient increases gradually along with the rising of temperature when unlubricated, thereby the high temperature lubricating of mould is most important for the smooth demoulding of forging, now generally by selecting a kind of proper lubrication agent to improve or solving release problems.Especially for the hot die forging for alaminum alloy that the mucous membrane phenomenon very easily occurs, select the proper lubrication agent particularly important.
Domestic metallic substance hot closed-die forging lubricant mostly is the graphite mould lubricant, China in succession develop has gone out multiple aqueous graphite type forge hot lubricant, MD-2 such as China, the MD-7 Series Lubricants, possess good film-forming properties, suspension and lubricity, its performance can with the Dug-31 of the U.S., the good hot closed-die forging lubricants such as the Delta-144 of West Germany compare favourably, and are used widely first.The disclosed graphite based cementing solid lubricant of CN101463288A and for example, lubricant consists of: polyamidoimide, graphite, molybdenumdisulphide, rare earth fluorine, metal oxide, γ-epoxypropoxy trimethyl silane, mixed organic solvents have very good high temperature abrasion resistance and oilness; The disclosed lubricant for aluminum alloy equivalent temperature forming of CN101126046A is comprised of graphite, barium mahogany sulfonate, molybdenumdisulphide and locomotive oil, is specially adapted to lubricated in the aluminum alloy isothermal forming process, its anti-attrition, antiseized and demolding performace is excellent; The disclosed oildag of CN1570049A mainly is comprised of graphite microparticles, methylcellulose gum, methylene-bis sodium sulphosuccinate, water glass and tensio-active agent, possesses good high temperature lubricating property; The disclosed aqueous graphite lubricating agent of CN101914412A, its main component is natural or graphous graphite powder, rare earth oxide, molybdenumdisulphide, acetone, ethanol, dispersion agent, water glass etc., possess automatically repairing effect of surface, and improved temperature limit and lubricant effect; A kind of prescription of succeeding in developing is: gun oil 40～50%, and molybdenumdisulphide 5～10%, the graphite finish of gluey graphite 20～30% and aluminium powder 15～20% can be applicable to the production of aluminium alloy petrol motor connecting rod and diesel engine piston; Report simultaneously developed a kind of applicable to various Complex Aluminum Alloy stamp works with lubricator, its prescription is: 90% oleic acid and 10% paraffin; Also having the scholar to propose can adopt when the extruded aluminium alloy locomotive oil or spindle oil to add a certain proportion of graphite is lubricated.
Although graphite has the advantages such as the laminate structure of easy formation lubricant film and bearing capacity are strong, the graphite look black, little, the easy diffusion of grain, contaminate environment very easily, healthy harmful to the workman; Graphite is the good conductor of electricity, and the graphite of disperse causes the electrical equipment accident easily in the air, and domestic existing mistake is caused the report of electrical equipment accident by the aerial graphite of disperse; With the non-not easy to clean in forging surface behind the graphite mould lubricant, spend a large amount of material resources manpowers.Therefore in today of environmental requirement increasingly stringent, development non-graphite type lubricant is imperative, and the graphite mould lubricant quantity reduces year by year, and the environment-friendly type forging lubricant development of non-graphite type is very fast.
Successfully developed the non-graphite type lubricant both at home and abroad, its lubricity is near colloidal graphite mixed with water.Develop the environmentally-friendly water-based forge oil lubricant of MK series such as recent year, biodegradable, under the form of different specifications, shape, weight and metal, produce maximum shaping function and excellent mould wettability effect, be applicable to forging and the extrusion process of surface requirements cleaning; The disclosed graphite-free high-performance environment-friendly hot forging processing liquid of CN101811173A and for example, it adds that by macromolecular compound, fire-resistant lubricants, inorganics, auxiliary material, water some annexation form, and lubricity reaches or surpasses graphite mould product peer-level.And the water-soluble low melting point glass of Japan neoteric novel forging, extrusion lubricant is to add boric acid and make in phosphate glass, then makes novel lubricant with the lamellar compound Composite of gluey fluorine-containing Magnesium Silicate q-agent, can obtain good lubricant effect; Japanese kokai publication hei 5-271684 communique proposes the thermoplasticity processing that a kind of non-graphite lubricant is used for steel, it is that several metal oxide powders and water glass are mixed the rear abundant heat tracing more than the temperature that dissolves at them, after cooling off fully, obtain glassy mass, again glassy mass is ground into powder and and water glass to be mixed and made into metal oxide powder-water glass be non-graphite lubricant, for example with FeO and Na
2SiO
3Mixed melting resultant of reaction NaOFeOSiO
2Fusing point is 976 ℃, can utilize resultant of reaction to become fluid state and be lubricated.The nineteen eighty-two Korean develops W-400 environment-friendly type transparent water dissolubility without the graphite forging lubricant, after this product is watered dilution by a certain percentage, evenly is applied in the metal pattern surface, be white in color, the residual powder at the concavo-convex position of metal pattern is easy to remove after forging, and product does not have caking phenomenon, and release property is good.
Although its lubricity of non-graphite type lubricant is near colloidal graphite mixed with water, in the existing trend that replaces gradually the graphite mould lubricant of some developed countries.But the graphite mould lubricant still occupies sizable proportion at present, uses the company of graphite mould lubricant still to account for more than 65% fully or mainly such as Japan.The non-graphite type lubricant is only applicable to warm forging and smallclothes high temperature forging at present, for the large part high temperature forging of complexity, still adopt at present the ultrafine particle colloidal graphite mixed with water, such as the disclosed supper-tiny artificial graphite lubrication agent of CN87100337A, it is exactly the lubricant for precision die forgings, employing high-purity superfine Graphite Powder 99 mixes with water or oil and stirs into suspension, can guarantee the dimensional precision of accurate complex forging.The non-graphite type lubricant is compared with the graphite mould lubricant, and the mould that also exists wears away greatly, and the life-span is short, complex manufacturing technology, and lubricity is poor stores the problems such as inconvenient with transportation, so the non-graphite type lubricant properties also needs further the raising.
Summary of the invention
For fear of the graphite mould lubricant aborning to the pollution of environment with to the threat of personnel safety, the invention provides a kind of water base non-graphite type lubricant, it has good lubricant effect, and is pollution-free, and it is lubricated that preparation simply is particularly useful for large-scale metal hot closed-die forging.
Metal fever die forging non-graphite type lubricant of the present invention, the carrier of selecting are that suspension is good, thixotropy is good, safety non-toxic, cheap common carrier water; According to the mass percent metering of removing each batching outside the carrier water, the proportioning of its constitutive material is:
Add carrier water for 5 times of other annexation total masses and more than.
The preferred boron nitride of the inorganics of above-mentioned layer-lattice structure (BN) also can be considered to substitute with talcum or mica, and they are more than order numerical digit 320 orders.
Above-mentioned fire-resistant lubricants can be optional two kinds or three kinds in sodium stearate, barium stearate, Zinic stearas, the calcium stearate, because they all have very low high temperature friction coefficient, between 0.06～0.09, consider its solubleness in water, wherein preferred barium stearate and Zinic stearas.
Above-mentioned suspension agent can be that inorganic suspension agent adds organic suspension agent and is used, and what wherein inorganic suspension agent was selected is wilkinite and attapulgite, and what organic suspending agent was selected is widely used Xylo-Mucine (CMC) in water base lubricant.
Above-mentioned high-temperature agglomerant can be that silicon sol and the phosphoric acid salt in the mineral binder bond is used, and wherein phosphoric acid salt can be monohydric phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate.Bonding was because of should be an amount of, and binding agent is too much, lubricant film is ftractureed and peels off, and then adhesion strength is inadequate very little.
Other accrete addings are in order to improve some performance of lubricant, such as the OP emulsifying agent that promotes emulsifying effect, the dispersion that promotes particle and wetting fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (JFC), be used for eliminating defoamer propyl carbinol, Pentyl alcohol and the n-Octanol of foam and the ammoniacal liquor that is used for regulating PH.
Metal fever die forging of the present invention is as follows with the lubrication mechanism of non-graphite type lubricant:
BN is main body lubricant of the present invention, BN builds collection by the planar atomic shell of the galvanized hexagonal wire mesh that launches on same plane to form, this and the similar laminate structure of graphite-structure have caused the hardness of BN and intensity very low, plasticity is also very poor, be easy between layers occur relatively sliding, played the effect of good antifriction, its high temperature friction coefficient changes about 0.3～0.4 in 740 ℃～900 ℃ of temperature ranges, and the common high temperature lubricating coefficient of graphite mould lubricant changes about 0.1, like this than similar graphite mould high temperature lubricant, the high temperature lubrication property of BN type high temperature lubricant is on the low side, consider to add the high temperature lubrication property that some materials improve BN, and stearates has the multilayer chemical adsorption film that forms at metal material surface easily, the characteristics that the microscopic protrusions of prevention metallic surface is in contact with one another, when the multimolecular adsorption film of stearate is subject to the reactive force of vertical direction, be easy between molecular layer, occur relatively sliding, thereby reduction shearing resistance, reduce frictional force, played lubrication with this.Thereby the good stearate molecule of adding lubricity improves its lubricity, experimental results show that, after adding stearate, the frictional coefficient of lubricant significantly descends and has reached below 0.1, lubricity is greatly enhanced, and visible stearate and boron nitride are mixed the lubricant that use can obtain high comprehensive performance, and boron nitride helps to improve thermal stability and the demolding performace of lubricant, so that the forging surface-brightening, the demoulding is easy; Stearate helps to improve the lubricity of lubricant.
The binding agent that the present invention uses is used as phosphoric acid salt and silicon sol, at high temperature the extent of polymerization of phosphoric acid increases, form easily complete high molecular polymer, and silicon sol can make coating be easy to from metal mold peel off, can not only guarantee high temperature cohesive strength, also alleviate greatly the cleaning work amount.
The suspension agent that uses among the present invention is wilkinite, attapulgite and the Xylo-Mucine that possesses very strong water-swelling characteristic.Thereby purpose is to form sinking and the cohesion that reticulated structure stops insoluble microparticle in the lubricant in lubricant, can also play the effect of regulating lubricant viscosity.
The present invention compared with prior art has following remarkable advantage and outstanding feature: 1. this product can lubricate the product of suspension, and lubricant-suspension has the advantages such as process for preparation is simple, and suspension property is good, and on the whole, price comparison of the present invention is cheap.2. the harmless product of the various components among the present invention and pyrolytic decomposition thereof can not produce physical and chemical reaction to tool and mould and workpiece, simultaneously in the hot processing temperature scope except organic compound decomposes, most of mineral compound all is in the liquid friction condition, so just avoided tool and mould to contact with the direct of workpiece, the surface quality that not only is conducive to improve the work-ing life of tool and mould but also can guarantees workpiece.3. do not contain graphite in the lubricant of the present invention, affect the detrimentally affect of hot-work metal quality thereby avoided using the graphite mould lubricant that carburizing etc. can occur in hot-work, and in preparation process and use procedure, can not cause environmental pollution because of graphite.4. the present invention guarantee in forging range, to have good oilness, demolding performace, cooling and heat-insulating property, high-temperature moisture (film-forming properties) but, in suspended dispersed and the ejection, also possess the lubricity suitable with the graphite mould lubricant, especially high temperature lubrication property, and realized the residue cleaning easily, can substitute the graphite mould lubricant, be specially adapted to the hot closed-die forging of the especially large-scale aluminum component of metal fever die forging.
Lubricant practical application high temperature friction coefficient of the present invention is suitable with graphite mould, and what be not only applicable to carbon steel basic, normal, highly asks die forging, also is applicable to the hot closed-die forging of other metals such as aluminium alloy, is that a kind of versatility is preferably lubricant of a kind of versatility.Its manufacturing process is simple, and lubricant effect is good, and cleaning effect is good, and is pollution-free, can be in order to replace traditional graphite mould lubricant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment one
The metal fever die forging non-graphite type slip coating of present embodiment, the weight percent proportioning of constitutive material is as follows:
Wherein water is carrier.
The frictional coefficient of this slip coating under differing temps:
750 ℃ 800 ℃ 850 ℃ 900 ℃ of annulus temperature
Frictional coefficient 0.067 0.067 0.062 0.063
Embodiment two
Metal fever die forging non-graphite type slip coating in the present embodiment, the weight percent proportioning of constitutive material is as follows:
Wherein water is carrier.
The frictional coefficient of this slip coating under differing temps:
750 ℃ 800 ℃ 850 ℃ 900 ℃ of annulus temperature
Frictional coefficient 0.066 0.067 0.063 0.064
Embodiment three
Metal fever die forging non-graphite type slip coating in the present embodiment, the weight percent proportioning of constitutive material is as follows:
Wherein water is carrier.
The frictional coefficient of this slip coating under differing temps:
750 ℃ 800 ℃ 850 ℃ 900 ℃ of annulus temperature
Frictional coefficient 0.065 0.067 0.061 0.063
In the various embodiments described above, all with water as carrier, its quality is getting final product more than 5 times of other annexation total masses.Boron nitride (BN) is a kind of inorganics of layer-lattice structure, and it also can consider to select the inorganics of other layer-lattice structure, and such as talcum or mica etc., its order numerical digit of the inorganics general requirement of layer-lattice structure is more than 320 orders.
Stearate among the embodiment is a kind of typical fire-resistant lubricants, such as sodium stearate, calcium stearate, barium stearate, calcium stearate, can select wherein optional two kinds or three kinds, because they all have very low high temperature friction coefficient, between 0.06～0.09, consider its solubleness in water, preferred barium stearate and Zinic stearas.
Suspension agent among the embodiment can be that inorganic suspension agent adds organic suspension agent and is used, what wherein inorganic suspension agent was selected is wilkinite and attapulgite, and what organic suspending agent was selected is widely used Xylo-Mucine (CMC) in water base lubricant.
High-temperature agglomerant among the embodiment can be that silicon sol and the phosphoric acid salt in the mineral binder bond is used, and wherein phosphoric acid salt can be monohydric phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate.Bonding was because of should be an amount of, and binding agent is too much, lubricant film is ftractureed and peels off, and then adhesion strength is inadequate very little.
Other accrete addings are in order to improve some performance of lubricant, such as the OP emulsifying agent that promotes emulsifying effect, the dispersion that promotes particle and wetting fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (JFC), be used for eliminating defoamer propyl carbinol, Pentyl alcohol and the n-Octanol of foam and the ammoniacal liquor that is used for regulating PH.
The content of each component just schematically in above-described embodiment, do not consist of limitation of the invention, as long as the inorganics weight percent content of inorganics stratiform crystalline network is 26%～35%, fire-resistant lubricants is 10%～15%, suspension agent is 12%～24%, the high temperature bond agent content is 30%～37%, and other annexation can consist of non-graphite type lubricant of the present invention in 1%～3% scope.
The preparation method of a kind of non-graphite type lubricant of the present invention, concrete steps are:
At first, in 45 ℃ warm water, proportionally slowly add a certain amount of Xylo-Mucine (CMC).Because the Xylo-Mucine at normal temperatures solubleness in water is lower and wait a moment and can well be improved in warm water, add-on can specifically be selected according to practical situation, is 100g such as water in the present embodiment, can add the CMC about 0.5g.
After it slowly dissolves, add again suspension agent lithium bentonite and attapulgite, and stir, preferred add-on is 3g.
Add subsequently a small amount of wetting dispersing agent fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether (JFC) and high-temperature agglomerant disodium-hydrogen, add-on can be 0.6gJFC, the 1g disodium-hydrogen.
Splash into ammoniacal liquor, regulate PH between 8～10, add the high-temperature agglomerant silicon sol again, guarantee normally steady operation of high-temperature agglomerant silicon sol, it will stir, thereby make solution form a uniform dispersion system; The silicon sol add-on is preferably 5g.
Add in proportion at last boron nitride (BN), stearate barium and Zinic stearas stir 20～30mins and prevent after the Uniform Dispersion, can prepare lubricant.Add-on is according to specifically relatively selecting, as selecting boron nitride 5g, each 1g of stearate barium and calcium stearate.
In the process of preparation, if there is too much bubble, can splash into a small amount of defoamer propyl carbinol, to reach the effect of froth breaking.
Before using, should carry out agitation as appropriate, with precipitation and the layering that prevents lubricant coating, in the hot closed-die forging process, after mould and die preheating, spray.
Claims (7)
1. water base non-graphite type lubricant is characterized in that each component and weight percent content thereof are as follows:
The inorganics 26%～35% of layer-lattice structure
Fire-resistant lubricants 10%～15%
Suspension agent 12%～24%
High-temperature agglomerant 30%～37%
Auxiliary 1%～3%
Wherein, the inorganics of layered crystalline network is boron nitride (BN), talcum or mica, described fire-resistant lubricants is stearate, described suspension agent is inorganic suspension agent and the mixing of organic suspending agent, described high-temperature agglomerant is silicon sol and phosphatic mixing, and described auxiliary is OP emulsifying agent, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, defoamer and/or ammoniacal liquor.
2. a kind of water base non-graphite type lubricant according to claim 1, wherein, this lubricant carrier is water, its weight is more than 5 times of above-mentioned each component gross weight.
3. a kind of water base non-graphite type lubricant according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described stearate is any two or three in sodium stearate, Zinic stearas, barium stearate, the calcium stearate.
4. a kind of water base non-graphite type lubricant according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described inorganic suspension agent is wilkinite or attapulgite, organic suspending agent is Xylo-Mucine.
5. a kind of water base non-graphite type lubricant according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described phosphoric acid salt is monohydric phosphate or dihydrogen phosphate.
6. a kind of water base non-graphite type lubricant according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, described defoamer is propyl carbinol, Pentyl alcohol or n-Octanol.
7. the preparation method of each described water base non-graphite type lubricant among the claim 1-6 comprises the steps:
(1) in warm water, proportionally adds a certain amount of Xylo-Mucine;
(2) add lithium bentonite and attapulgite as suspension agent, and stir;
(3) add auxiliary fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and high-temperature agglomerant monohydric phosphate;
(4) splash into ammoniacal liquor, regulate pH between 8～10, add again silicon sol as high-temperature agglomerant, make solution form a uniform dispersion system;
(5) add in proportion at last the inorganics of layer-lattice structure, barium stearate and Zinic stearas, be stirred to Uniform Dispersion after, can prepare lubricant, wherein, the inorganics of layered crystalline network is boron nitride, talcum or mica.
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