CN102530123B - Rhomboid wheel-arranged cross-shaped axle 4WD (4 wheel drive) mechanism - Google Patents
Rhomboid wheel-arranged cross-shaped axle 4WD (4 wheel drive) mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN102530123B CN102530123B CN 201210043089 CN201210043089A CN102530123B CN 102530123 B CN102530123 B CN 102530123B CN 201210043089 CN201210043089 CN 201210043089 CN 201210043089 A CN201210043089 A CN 201210043089A CN 102530123 B CN102530123 B CN 102530123B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rhomboid wheel-arranged cross-shaped axle 4WD (4 wheel drive) mechanism which comprises four wheels, a driver, suspensions, steering king-pin assemblies and a fore-and-aft steering driving mechanism; and the 4WD mechanism is characterized in that the four wheels (left, right, upper and lower wheels) are rhomboidally arranged at four corners; the left wheel, a left steering king-pin assembly, a left suspension, the driver, a right suspension, a right steering king-pin assembly and the right wheels form a left-and-right steering drive axle; the upper wheel, an upper electric clutch, an upper electromotor, a middle suspension, a lower electromotor, a lower electric clutch and the lower wheel form an up-and-down drive axle; and the left-and-right steering drive axle and the up-and-down drive axle form an intersecting cross-shaped drive axle. By using the 4WD mechanism provided by the invention, the rolling uniformity of the wheels on the road surface is improved; a modularly combined drive mode of an engine and an electromotor is realized; the 4WD mechanism has an antiskid 4WD function; and the initiative steering of the front and rear wheels is realized, thereby improving the accuracy of car motion position control.
Description
Technical field
The diamond pattern wheel that the present invention relates to a kind of walking machine is arranged the cross bridge construction, is particularly useful for the four-wheel drive mechanism of the forward and backward wheel steering of automobile.
Background technology
For improving cross country power, automobile adopts four wheel drive mode (4WD).Four wheel drive and two-wheel drive (2WD) are compared, although drive wheel only to increase by one times, difficulty technically will increase doubly a lot.For 4 wheel drive, in the time of must eliminating crooked-running, 4 wheels are because of the mutual interference problem between different the produced wheel of rotating speed.Therefore, between 2 drive wheels of propons, diff to be installed, also diff to be installed between 2 drive wheels of back axle, and also diff to be installed between propons and back axle, therefore 4 wheel-drive modes generally need three difies, could realize that 4 wheels have power-handling capability and allow each vehicle wheel rotational speed different.But, after three difies have been installed, there will be again a shortcoming, once be exactly any one wheel and ground skid in 4 wheels, the power-handling capability of other 3 wheels all can be lost.Also on each diff, add that for overcoming this shortcoming anti-slipping mechanism limits any one tyre skidding idle running process, just must adopt three anti-skid final drive structures, make the chassis structure of 4 vehicle wheel non-slip type of drive become very complicated, greatly improved the manufacturing cost of automobile.
The quantity that enters family along with automobile increases sharply, and arteries of communication and environmental protection are brought to increasing unfavorable factor.The firstth, the arteries of communication flow is increasing, has accelerated the damage rate of automobile to road.4 wheel arrangements of orthodox car are " " type structure, during straight-line travelling between forward and backward wheel path of motion overlap, rear wheel is repeated on the path of motion of front vehicle wheel, especially easily make two sidecar rut positions be forced out very soon the track of two depressions, and the chance that road surface, two rut centres is pressed onto by rubber-tyred roller relatively seldom, in the middle of making, the position, road surface is squeezed into obvious protruding road surface very soon, cause road surface seriously inhomogeneous by the degree of rolling, concave and convex phenomenon has accelerated the road damage process.The secondth, the transport solution blocking has been accelerated the construction of overpass, makes the chance of automobile climbing and descending more and more.Particularly under the wet-skid road surface condition of rainy day and ice and snow, its simple 2WD mode can not adapt to the often demand of climbing of automobile, the braking time of automobile downhill is also more and more longer simultaneously, exist automobile climbing difficulty, consume fuel to increase, and during descending because of longer braking procedure wasted the automobile sole mass from high position the energy of position on earth.The 3rd is to have the increase of automobile quantity because of the city unit area, makes that road is more and more narrower and the place of parking is more and more crowded.Therefore more and more higher to the accurate handling requirement of automobile sport position, the front vehicle wheel active steering of orthodox car and the passive steering mode of rear wheel can not adapt to accurately handling requirement under crowed condition.The 4th is must reduce the exhaust emissions quantity of driving engine for protection of the environment.Particularly must promote from now on the widespread use of city electric car along with the raising of nuclear energy and water generating ability, the development tendency of city automobile power is gradually becoming driving engine+electrical motor by original driving engine and is finally becoming the process of pure electrical motor.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention: realize that wheel " ◇ " diamond pattern layout adopts the anti-skidding 4WD mode of the electromechanics combination of front and back wheel active steering mode.First improves the homogeneity that rolls of wheel road pavement; Second realizes the module combination type of drive of driving engine and electrical motor; The 3rd has anti-skidding 4WD function; The 4th realizes that forward and backward wheel active steering improves controls the automobile sport positional accuracy.
Above-mentioned main purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, and accompanying drawings is as follows:
A kind of diamond pattern wheel is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, comprise four wheels, actuator, suspension, steering yoke bolt assembly and front and back steering driving mechanism, upper and lower four wheels 1,1 in described left and right ', 7,7 ' according to diamond pattern, be arranged on 4 angles, wherein, left wheel 1, left steering stub assembly 2, a left side
type cantilever 3, actuator 6 and the right side
type cantilever 3 ', right steering stub assembly 2 ', right wheel 1 ' formation left and right directions steering drive axle, and upper wheel 7, upper electric clutch 22, upper electrical motor 23, middle cantilever 8, lower electrical motor 23 ', lower electric clutch 22 ', lower wheel 7 ' formation above-below direction drive axle, left and right directions steering drive axle and above-below direction drive axle form " ten " font drive axle of a staggered form; Described front and back steering driving mechanism make left and right wheels 1,1 ' between turn to swaying direction fully contrary, but left and right wheels 1,1 ' turn radius identical, R1=R2.
Described left and right directions drive axle is driven by the actuator 6 that is arranged on the center in " ◇ " type frame, the input shaft 33 that actuator 6 is Nr by a rotating speed provides power, it is N1, N2 that actuator 6 is exported respectively left and right directions driving rotating speed, and driving left and right wheels 1,1 ' rotation through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately, the power that its medium speed is Nr input shaft 33 is from driving engine or electrical motor;
Described above-below direction drive axle is by the power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 of the longitudinal axis Z ' axial location that is arranged on " ten " font drive axle ' driving, wherein going up electrical motor 23 output driving rotating speeds is N3, it is N4 that lower electrical motor 23 ' output drives rotating speed, and power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' respectively drives upper and lower wheel 7,7 ' rotation through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately;
Described suspension comprises left and right suspension and upper lower suspension, and wherein said left and right suspension is symmetrical in the longitudinal axis Z ' axis of " ten " font drive axle, comprise left and right wheels 1,1 ', left and right steering yoke bolt assembly 2,2 ' and left and right
type cantilever 3,3 ', wheel 1,1 ' respectively is through left and right steering yoke bolt assembly 2,2 ' and left and right
the rubber of type cantilever 3,3 ' by same structure/metallic support I13 is connected on car body or vehicle frame; Upper lower suspension is symmetrical in the transverse axis X-axis line of " ten " font drive axle, comprise upper and lower wheel 7,7 ', power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' and middle cantilever 8, on the flange at wheel 7,7 ' respectively cantilever two ends Shang Xia 8 in the middle of screw I42, screw V42 ' are arranged on, middle cantilever 8 is by rubber/metallic support II 13 ' be connected on car body or vehicle frame;
Upper and lower four wheels 1,1 in described left and right ', 7,7 ' position relationship be: left and right wheels 1,1 ' position are symmetrical in the longitudinal axis Z ' axis of " ten " font drive axle, L1=L2, upper and lower wheel 7,7 ' position are symmetrical in the transverse axis X-axis line of " ten " font drive axle, L3=L4, diamond pattern is symmetrical structure.
The input shaft 33 that described actuator 6 is Nr by rotating speed obtains power, drive finishing bevel gear cuter I46 and finishing bevel gear cuter I47 coaxial rotation through drive bevel gear 32, drive finishing bevel gear cuter V49 through finishing bevel gear cuter II 47 more simultaneously, finishing bevel gear cuter I48 exports respectively and drives rotational speed N 1, N2, drive respectively left and right wheels 1 through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately, 1 ' rotate, at the two ends up and down of actuator 6 also respectively through screw I34, screw I34 ' is connected with power-on and power-off motivation 23, 23 ', be respectively power-on and power-off motivation 23 by the Vehicular accumulator cell group, 23 ' power supply output drives rotational speed N 3, N4, drive respectively upper and lower wheel 7 through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately, 7 ' rotate.
Described left and right
type cantilever 3, 3 ' structure is identical, be respectively equipped with left and right tooth roller box 11, 11 ', gear case 11, 11 ' on left and right end cap 19 is housed respectively, 19 ' and left and right roller bearing end cap 20, 20 ', and inside is separately installed with left and right spline shaft 12, 12 ' and left and right inner shaft 15, 15 ', left and right spline shaft 12, 12 ' respectively with left and right inner shaft 15, 15 ' between axis be arranged vertically, left and right transmission shaft 12, 12 ' on the spline finishing bevel gear cuter 29 that structure is identical is housed respectively, inner shaft 15, 15 ' on the taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter 30 that structure is identical is housed respectively, spline finishing bevel gear cuter 29 and taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter 30 are realized respectively left and right spline shaft 12, 12 ' to left and right inner shaft 15, 15 ' transmission of power.
Described left and right steering yoke bolt assembly 2,2 ' structure is identical and position is symmetrical in Z ' axis, left and right steering yoke bolt assembly 2,2 ' respectively has universal-joint V31 and the stub 27 that structure is identical, the o point position that is centered close to the X coordinate of the universal-joint V31 that described left steering stub assembly 2 has and stub 27, right steering stub assembly 2 ' universal-joint V31 had and the o ' that is centered close to an X coordinate position of stub 27.Because of the full symmetric of left and right steering yoke bolt assembly 2,2 ' structure, take universal-joint V31 center of right steering stub assembly 2 ' under example illustrates it and stub 27 centers and all be positioned at the purpose of X, Y, Z origin of coordinates o '.Wherein universal-joint V31 is centered close at o ' and realizes the driving to wheel 1 ' rotational speed N 2 in order to guarantee that wheel 1 ' generation turns in pivot angle ± process; Stub 27 is centered close to and stub 27 axis at o ' and is positioned on the Y-axis line in order to guarantee that wheel 1 ' position is symmetrical in X, Y-axis plane.When right wheel 1 ' around the Y-axis line, produce and to turn to pivot angle ± time, because the symmetry of tire kiss the earth can not make wheel 1 ' generations roll around Z axis, i.e. wheel 1 ' do not produce around the Z axis rolling around Y-axis pendulum angle ± time, or wheel 1 ' do not produce X axis to move.
Described left and right wheels 1, 1 ' drive respectively left and right pull bar 17 through actuating arm 18, 17 ' and left and right spindle arm 16, 16 ' control steering procedure, turn to actuating arm 18 by the corner displacement of bearing circle again through machinery or electronic, hydraulic way is controlled, when right wheel 1 ' pivot angle direction be+time, left wheel 1 pivot angle direction be-, vice versa, and when left and right wheels 1, 1 ' between distance when larger, cancel long left and right pull bar 17, 17 ' structure, adopt electronic or hydraulic servo mechanism respectively at wheel 1, 1 ' near direct driving left and right spindle arm 16, 16 ' control steering procedure.
The upper and lower wheel 1,1 in left and right of described " ten " font drive axle ', 7,7 ' type of drive can be reduced to left and right two wheels 1,1 ' type of drive, also can be reduced to upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' type of drive.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) improve the degree of utilization of road surface
Change 4 wheels of orthodox car " " type arrangement, eliminate 4 wheels of tradition and repeat to roll two caused rut track depressions and the intermediate projections phenomenon after in face of two dypass.If automobile adopts " ◇ " diamond pattern wheel to arrange that quantity is that " " type wheel is while arranging two times of quantity just, what will make two sides and middle rut track be rolled has equal opportunities, by the homogeneity of effectively improving the wheel road pavement and rolling, more rationally use road each several part surface, must extend the period of service of road and reduce the roadupkeep of " often " and " repetition " construction investment.
(2) the anti-skidding 4WD mode of mechanical, electrical module combined type
Four wheels 1,1 ', 7, the 7 ' modular construction that drives has following mode: the firstth, driving engine+electrical motor combines anti-skidding 4WD mode: when selecting wheel 1,1 ' for engine drive wheel 7,7 ' for direct motor drive, be exactly the anti-skidding 4WD mode of mechanical, electrical combination.The secondth, the anti-skidding 2WD mode of pure driving engine: be exactly the anti-skidding 2WD mode of driving engine when only selecting wheel 1,1 ' for engine drive.The 3rd is the anti-skidding 4WD mode of pure electrical motor: when the power of the rotating speed input shaft 33 that is Nr, form during from electrical motor four wheels 1,1 ', 7,7 ' be pure electronic anti-skidding 4WD mode.The 4th is pure electronic anti-skidding 2WD mode: when only selecting wheel 7,7 ' drive or only select wheel 1,1 ' be just the anti-skidding 2WD mode of pure electrical motor respectively while driving for motor for motor.Modular organization can be combined into different type of drive according to usage condition, for example, winter conditions is automobile combination just anti-skidding 4WD mode and be reduced to anti-skidding 2WD mode other season, can realize that the 2WD mode has fuel efficiency preferably, can realize that again the 4WD mode has driveability preferably; Just be combined as pure direct motor drive mode if the pure city of automobile is used, in other situation, use and be combined as mechanical, electrical type of drive, adapt to the requirement of different environments for use.Utilize the auxiliary climbing of electrical motor 2WD mode during automobile up slope under thering is electric driver module condition, during descending, utilize the braking procedure of electrical motor to charge and realize energy recovery storage battery.
(3) force-bearing situation of outboard wheels while improving the carrying capacity of automobile and improving detour
The force-bearing situation of outboard wheels when wheel " ◇ " type arrangement can improve the carrying capacity of automobile and improve detour.4 wheel arrangement modes are: three Train Wheel of left, center, right are arranged in X-axis line direction, three row's wheels of upper, middle and lower are arranged, the sphere of movements for the elephants type that arrangement mode is horizontal three rows, perpendicular three row in Y-axis line direction.This structure has two advantages: the firstth, and between row and row and column and row, distance can reduce at double than " " type wheel arrangement, and the supporting role that has increased middle row's wheel and middle column wheel is conducive to improve the carrying capacity of automobile.The secondth, under the detour condition, the orbital radius of middle row's steered wheel becomes the locus of radius that more approaches greatly outboard wheels, the favourable crooked-running process stability that improved.Steered wheel 1,1 during the automobile straight-line travelling ' the track midway location in two sidecars wheels 7,7 ' track just, orbital radius closes and is: R1=R2=(R3+R4)/2, wheel 1,1 ' radius just equal wheel 7,7 ' mean radius; And orbital radius closes and is during detour: R1=R2>(R3+R4)/2, wheel 1,1 ' radius be greater than wheel 7,7 ' mean radius, or middle row's wheel 1,1 ' with inboard wheel 7 ' between the distance of track become large and and between outboard wheels 7 track apart from diminishing.Therefore, the track of lower two steered wheels 1 of detour condition, the more close outboard wheels 7 of 1 ' track, the load that the outside has three wheels 1,7,1 ' shared automobile to produce because of centnifugal force when detour will be conducive to improve the force-bearing situation of the tradition outside two wheels.
(4) raising is controlled the automobile sport positional accuracy and is reduced detour and takies surface width of road
The accompanying drawing explanation
Figure-1 four-wheel drive mechanism master looks schematic diagram.
Figure-2 four-wheel drive mechanism schematic top plan view.
Figure-3 four-wheel drive mechanism schematic side view.
Figure-4 left and right upper and lower vehicle wheel non-slip 4 wheel driven schematic diagrams.
Figure-5 left and right wheelses turn to schematic diagram.
Figure-6 left and right wheelses anti-skidding two drive schematic diagram.
Scheme vehicle wheel non-slip two Shang Xia-7 and drive schematic diagram.
The upper and lower wheel two of figure-8 differential type drives schematic diagram.
In figure: 1-left wheel 1 '-right wheel 2-left steering stub assembly 2 '-a right turn stub assembly 3-left side "
" type cantilever 3 '-right "
”Cantilever 4- joint I4 ′ - universal joint drive shaft transmission I5- I5 '- axis I6- driver 7- 7 ′ - wheel on the wheel 8- 9- 10- cantilever brake shoe brake disc 11- left gear box 11' - the right gear box 12- left splined shaft 12 '- right splined shaft 13- rubber / metal support I13' - Rubber / metal support I14- joint I14 ′ - universal joint V15- left half shaft 15 '- the right half axis 16- left to the arm 16' - right steering arm 17- left push rod 17 '- right push rod drive arm 19- 18- turn to left end cover 19' - the right end cover bearing 20- left end cap 20 '- the right bearing cover 21- joint V21 ′ - universal joint V22- electric clutch 22' - electric clutch 23- motor 23 '- motor 24- left flange 24' - a right flange disc 25- hub bearing 26- hub 27- kingpin 28- main pin bearing 29- spline gear 30- cone Kong Zhui gear 31- gimbal driving bevel gear input shaft V32- 33- 34- screw I34 ′ - screw I35- clutch spline driven disc 35 '- the clutch driven disc clutch spline 36- output active plate 36' - the clutch driving disc 37- output flange 37 '- lower flange disc 38- on half shaft 38' - outside half axis 39- suction coil core 40- rotating core coil 41- fixed iron core coil 42-. Nail I42 ′ - screw V43- spline semi axis 43 '- 44- 45- spline semi axis motor rotor motor excitation coil 46- bevel gear I47- bevel gear I48- III 49- V50- bevel gear bevel gear differential bevel gear 51' - 51 '- right left planet gear planetary gear differential shell 54- 53- 52- differential half axle gear 54' - the lower half axle gear.
The o point is the center of the left wheel affiliated universal-joint V31 of 1 steering yoke bolt assembly 2 and stub 27; O ' is the center of right wheel 1 steering yoke bolt assembly 2 ' affiliated universal-joint V31 and stub 27.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The four wheel drive mode that the present embodiment is driving engine and motor module combination, two of left and right of engine drive wheel 1,1 ', upper and lower two wheels 7,7 of direct motor drive ', 1,2,3,4,5 further illustrate particular content and implementation process thereof by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Four wheels 1,1 ', 7,7 ' be arranged on 4 angles of " ◇ " type, wherein, left wheel 1, left steering stub assembly 2, left "
" type cantilever 3, actuator 6, right "
" type cantilever 3 ', right steering stub assembly 2 ', right wheel 1 ' formation left and right directions steering drive axle; and upper wheel 7, upper electric clutch 22, upper electrical motor 23, middle cantilever 8, lower electrical motor 23 ', lower electric clutch 22 ', lower wheel 7 ' formation above-below direction drive axle, left and right directions steering drive axle and above-below direction drive axle form " ten " font structure drive axle of a staggered form.
Two "
" type cantilever 3,3 ' structure be identical; be respectively equipped with left and right tooth roller box 11,11 '; inside be separately installed with left and right inner shaft 15,15 ' and left and right spline shaft 12,12 '; left and right tooth roller box 11,11 ' above be separately installed with left and right end cap 19,19 ' and left and right roller bearing end cap 20,20 ', spline finishing bevel gear cuter 29 and the taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter 30 of same structure are also arranged respectively.Because structural symmetry wherein be take cantilever 3 ' be example, arrange right end cap 19 ' be utilize its opening taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter 30 be installed to right inside semiaxis 15 ' on, right bearing end cap 20 ' spline finishing bevel gear cuter 30 is installed in order to support is set, make engagement between gear 29,30 guarantee right spline shaft 12 ' and right inside semiaxis 15 ' between drive connection.
Two steering yoke bolt assemblies 2,2 ' structure are identical, take stub assembly 2 ' be example, its stub 27, universal-joint V31, wheel 1 ' between position relationship be: universal-joint V31 is centered close to X, Y, Z origin of coordinates o ', and wheel 1 ' position is symmetrical in X, Y-axis plane.Stub 27 axis are positioned on the Y-axis line and guarantee right wheel 1 ' around the Y-axis line, produce and turn to pivot angle ± time, because the symmetry of tire kiss the earth can not make wheel 1 ' generation roll around Z axis, it is wheel 1 ' around Y-axis pendulum angle ± time, do not produce around Z axis and roll, or wheel 1 ' do not produce X axis to move, not can because of wheel 1 ' pivot angle ± with other wheel, in X-direction, produce movement interference.
Center in " ◇ " type frame is equipped with actuator 6, the power input shaft 33 that is Nr from the rotating speed of driving engine drives finishing bevel gear cuter I46 and finishing bevel gear cuter I47 coaxial rotation through drive bevel gear 32, drive finishing bevel gear cuter V49, finishing bevel gear cuter I48 to export respectively to drive rotational speed N 1, N2 through finishing bevel gear cuter II 47 again simultaneously, drive two wheel 1,1 ' rotations through axle drive shaft, universal-joint separately respectively.Because of left and right wheels 1,1 ' the identical and symmetrical arrangement Z ' axis of drive configuration, take right wheel 1 ' be the power transmission process of example explanation N2, through transmission shaft I5 ', universal-joint I4 ', right spline shaft 12 ', spline finishing bevel gear cuter 29, taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter 30, right inside semiaxis 15 ', right flange 24 ' drive right wheel 1 ' rotation.Actuator 6 adopts rubber/metal support structure to be connected with the mounting means of car body or vehicle frame.If actuator 6 and driving engine combine, integral body is carried out the resilient mounting installation with car body or vehicle frame, the input direction of power input shaft 33, drive bevel gear 32 will change accordingly simultaneously, and the gear transmission type between drive bevel gear 32 and driven wheel of differential I46 also will change accordingly.
On actuator 6 respectively through screw I34, screw II 34 ' be equipped with power-on and power-off motivation 23, 23 ', power-on and power-off motivation 23, 23 ' axis be symmetrical in the X-axis line in position on Z ' axle and between them, power-on and power-off motivation 23, 23 ' export respectively driving rotational speed N 3 through Vehicular accumulator cell group and control circuit power supply, N4, wherein N3 is through upper spline semiaxis 43, universal-joint V21, upper electric clutch 22, upper outside semiaxis 38, upper flange dish 37 drives upper wheel 7 to rotate, and N4 through lower spline semiaxis 43 ', universal-joint V21 ', lower electric clutch 22 ', lower outside semiaxis 38 ', the lower wheel 7 of lower flange dish 37 ' driving ' rotation.
Arrange power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' purpose be to control powerdriven clutch process for the electricity consumption on-off mode, can control respectively power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' driving wheel 7,7 ' rotation process, also can control respectively wheel 7,7 ' drag power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' power generation process.The firstth, because not necessarily remain that power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' respectively is to wheel 7,7 ' continuous drive process when good or car speed is higher at road conditions, require to stop that electrical motor rotates and the while cut-off clutch; The secondth, because also want cut-off clutch when not relying on wheel 7,7 ' respectively drive motors 23,23 ' generating.Therefore, control power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' off-state can make power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' rotor, upper and lower spline semiaxis 43,43 ', universal-joint 21,21 ' no longer respectively follows wheel 7,7 ' rotation, eliminates their pivoting friction resistances.
Power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' respectively through the upper and lower wheel 7,7 of power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' drive ' control process be described below: because up-down structure is identical and site symmetry, control upper electric clutch 22 by rotational speed N 3 for example explanation electricity consumption on-off mode and realize engagement process from the initially-separate state.Upper electric clutch 22 mainly contains three parts and forms, and first is that upper spline clutch plate 35 is connected with wheel 7 through upper outside semiaxis 38, upper flange dish 37; Second portion is that upper driving disc spacing pressing 36 is connected with motor rotor 44 with universal-joint V21, upper spline semiaxis 43 through spline structure, sucker iron core coil 39 wherein is installed on driving disc spacing pressing 36 and rotates iron core coil 40; Third part is that fixed iron core coil 41 is arranged on the shell of electric clutch 22.When through the Vehicular accumulator cell group being electrical motor field winding 45 power supply output speed N3 driving driving disc spacing pressings 36, sucker iron core coil 39, while rotating iron core coil 40 rotation, rotate iron core coil 40 just with fixed iron core coil 41 between relative rotation, if also for fixed iron core coil 41, provide exciting current through battery pack again, fixed iron core coil 41 will produce magnetic field, will in rotating iron core coil 40, produce exchange current and rotate the rotary course of iron core coil 40 relative to this magnetic field, supply with sucker iron core coil 39 after rectification, the magnetic attraction upper spline clutch plate 35 that utilizes sucker iron core coil 39 to produce rotates jointly with driving disc spacing pressing 36, realization is rotated mesh control process the upper wheel 7 of driving of upper electric clutch 22.When stopping as electrical motor field winding 45 and 41 power supply of fixed iron core coil, motor rotor 44 stops operating, and upper electric clutch 22 is realized separation process from engagement, the rotor of upper electrical motor 23 no longer drives upper spline semiaxis 43, universal-joint 21, wheel 7 to rotate.(about power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' principle of work and mode refer to inventor's patent automobile electric control clutch 2007100562742).
In like manner, upper and lower wheel 7,7 ' respectively is described below through the control process of power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' drag power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' generating: because up-down structure is identical and site symmetry, the rotational speed N 3 of take equally goes up electric clutch 22 for the control of example explanation electricity consumption on-off mode and realizes engagement process from the initially-separate state.When through battery pack being 41 power supply of electrical motor field winding 45 and fixed iron core coil simultaneously, go up electrical motor 23 rotations and rotating iron core coil 40 and generate electricity and make electric clutch 22 realize engagement process, being in transmission connection between wheel 7 and electrical motor 23 in realization.When being greater than storage battery, realizes exactly the voltage that drags 23 generatings of upper electrical motor when wheel 7 process of charging.When not needing upper wheel 7 to drag upper electrical motor 23 generating, stop as electrical motor field winding 45 and 41 power supplies of fixed iron core coil simultaneously, make motor rotor 44, upper spline semiaxis 43, universal-joint 21 no longer follow wheel 7 and rotate, eliminate their friction drags of idle running fast.
The upper and lower wheel 1,1 in left and right ', 7,7 ' four rotational speed N 1, N2, N3, N4 in, wheel 1,1 ' between keep identical because of turn radius R1=R2, between wheel, path of motion overlaps, and rotational speed N 1=N2 is also identical, makes between N1, N2 not need the differential process.
And upper and lower wheel 7,7 ' between turn radius be respectively R3, R4, because of radius R 3>R4, make rotational speed N 3>N4, need the differential process between N3 and N4.Adopt two kinds of modes realize two wheels 7,7 ' between the differential process, one is differential mode initiatively: by the corner displacement change amount of bearing circle regulate respectively supply with power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' magnitude of voltage meet speed N3>N4.It two is passive differential mode: rely on road surface respectively to wheel 7,7 ' rotary resistance regulate N3>N4, the little vehicle wheel rotational speed of rotary resistance is fast, rotary resistance greatly vehicle wheel rotational speed is slow.In like manner: when adopt the differential process that realizes in the same way N4>N3 when another direction is turned.
Differential relation between left and right directions drive axle and above-below direction drive axle according to wheel 1,1 ' rotating speed coupling electrically driven wheel 7,7 ' rotating speed, four wheels 1,1 ', 7,7 ' simultaneously differential processes that drive are same adopts two kinds of modes to realize.One is differential mode initiatively: according to the corner displacement of wheel 1,1 ' rotating speed and bearing circle regulate respectively supply with power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' magnitude of voltage meet speed N3>N1=N2>N4; It is two for passive differential mode: rely on road surface respectively to wheel 7,7 ' rotary resistance regulate and make N3>N1=N2>N4.In like manner: when adopt the differential process that realizes in the same way N4>N1=N2>N3 when another direction is turned.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment be left and right two wheels 1,1 ' anti-skidding type of drive, be a kind of reduced form of embodiment 1, or the anti-skidding type of drive of middle row's wheel.By reference to the accompanying drawings 1,2,3,4,6 the explanation the present embodiment particular content and implementation process thereof.
The upper and lower wheel 1,1 in the left and right of embodiment 1 ', 7,7 ' the 4 wheel driven flowing mode in only retain two and drive rotational speed N 1, N2, cancel two and drive rotational speed N 3, N4.Remove upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' power and running part, two wheels 7,7 ' become by motor car wheel, only utilize rotational speed N 1, N2 to two of left and right wheel 1,1 ' driven.
First through screw I34, screw I34 ' removes respectively power-on and power-off motivation 23 from actuator 6, 23 ', then lay down respectively upper and lower spline semiaxis 43, 43 ', universal-joint V21 and universal-joint V21 ', power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22, 22 ' wait relevant driving parts, finally lay down the Vehicular accumulator cell group, but retain control circuit and interface thereof and recover two wheels 7 to facilitate, 7 ' power-handling capability, make upper and lower wheel 7, 7 ' become do not have power-handling capability by motor car wheel, at this moment embodiment 1 is reduced to the left and right wheels 1 that driving engine is power, 1 ' anti-skidding two type of drive, thereby alleviate the Integral automobile quality and reduce the pivoting friction resistance and reduce vehicle fuel consume quantity.
In realizing left and right two wheels 1,1 ' type of drive, when the rotating speed power that is Nr input shaft 33, during from electrical motor be electrical motor left and right wheels 1,1 ' anti-skidding two type of drive.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' electric type of drive, is another reduced form of embodiment 1, or the electric type of drive of middle column wheel.By reference to the accompanying drawings 1,2,3,4,7 the explanation the present embodiment particular content and implementation process thereof.
The upper and lower wheel 1,1 in the left and right of the specific embodiment 1 ', 7,7 ' the 4 wheel driven flowing mode in only retain two and drive rotational speed N 3, N4, cancel two and drive rotational speed N 1, N2.Remove two wheels 1,1 in left and right ' power and running part, two wheels 1,1 ' become by motor car wheel, only utilize rotational speed N 3, N4 to upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' driven.
First through screw I34, screw I34 ', actuator 6 is unloaded respectively, and then utilize screw I34 power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' directly is docking together and is installed on car body or vehicle frame through corresponding rubber/metal support structure, finally lay down drive left and right wheels 1,1 ' dynamic assembly and driving parts.Wherein dynamic assembly comprises driving engine or the electrical motor that the driving rotating speed is Nr.Take right wheel 1 ' cancel the driving parts of N2 as example explanation, comprise transmission shaft I5 ', universal-joint I4 ', right spline shaft 12 ', spline finishing bevel gear cuter 29, taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter 30, right inside semiaxis 15 ', make right wheel 1 ' become do not have power-handling capability by motor car wheel.At this moment embodiment 1 be reduced to only have rotational speed N 3, two wheel 7,7 ' electric type of drive up and down that N4 drives.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of mapping mode that the present embodiment is embodiment 3, adopt traditional diff to drive upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' mode.Be different from being characterized as of traditional diff: the firstth, wheel is " ◇ " diamond pattern arrangement structure; The secondth, upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' type of drive; The 3rd is left and right two wheels 1,1 ' while active steering mode.By reference to the accompanying drawings 1,2,3,4,8 the explanation the present embodiment particular content and implementation process thereof.
With diff 52 substitute power-on and power-off motivation 23,23 ' position, use instead diff 52 provide two rotational speed N 3, N4 drive respectively upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ', remove power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch 22,22 ' in relevant conjugate control part.At this moment the input shaft 33 that rotating speed is Nr is as the power of diff 52, differential bevel wheel 50 through drive bevel gear 32 drive installations on differential gear box 53 rotates, planetary wheel 51,51 ' jointly is housed in differential gear box 53 and drives upper and lower axle side gear 54,54 ' respectively to export differential rotational speed N 3, the N4 of above-below direction, then through corresponding transmission shaft and universal-joint drive respectively upper and lower two wheels 7,7 ' rotation separately.
In realization lower two wheels 7,7 ' the diff type of drive in, when the rotating speed power that is Nr input shaft 33, be driving engine diff two type of drive during from driving engine; When the rotating speed power that is Nr input shaft 33, be motor differential two type of drive during from electrical motor.
Claims (10)
1. a diamond pattern wheel is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, comprise four wheels, actuator, suspension, steering yoke bolt assembly and front and back steering driving mechanism, it is characterized in that, upper and lower four wheels in described left and right (1,1 ', 7,7 ') are arranged on 4 angles according to diamond pattern, wherein, left wheel (1), left steering stub assembly (2), a left side
type cantilever (3), actuator (6) and the right side
type cantilever (3 '), right steering stub assembly (2 '), right wheel (1 ') form the left and right directions steering drive axle, and upper wheel (7), upper electric clutch (22), upper electrical motor (23), middle cantilever (8), lower electrical motor (23 '), lower electric clutch (22 '), lower wheel (7 ') form the above-below direction drive axle, left and right directions steering drive axle and above-below direction drive axle form " ten " font drive axle of a staggered form; Described front and back steering driving mechanism makes to turn to swaying direction fully contrary between left and right wheels (1,1 '), but the turn radius of left and right wheels (1,1 ') is identical, R1=R2.
2. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, described left and right directions drive axle is driven by the actuator (6) that is arranged on the center in " ◇ " type frame, the input shaft (33) that actuator (6) is Nr by a rotating speed provides power, it is N1, N2 that actuator (6) is exported respectively left and right directions driving rotating speed, and driving left and right wheels (1,1 ') to rotate through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately, the power that its medium speed is Nr input shaft (33) is from driving engine or electrical motor.
3. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, described above-below direction drive axle is driven by the power-on and power-off motivation (23,23 ') of the longitudinal axis (Z ') axial location that is arranged on " ten " font drive axle, wherein going up electrical motor (23) output driving rotating speed is N3, it is N4 that lower electrical motor (23 ') output drives rotating speed, and power-on and power-off motivation (23,23 ') drives upper and lower wheel (7,7 ') to rotate through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately respectively.
4. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, described suspension comprises left and right suspension and upper lower suspension, wherein said left and right suspension is symmetrical in the longitudinal axis (Z ') axis of " ten " font drive axle, comprises left and right wheels (1,1 '), left and right steering yoke bolt assembly (2,2 ') and left and right
type cantilever (3,3 '), wheel (1,1 ') is respectively through left and right steering yoke bolt assembly (2,2 ') and left and right
the rubber of type cantilever (3,3 ') by same structure/metallic support I (13) is connected on car body or vehicle frame; Upper lower suspension is symmetrical in transverse axis (X) axis of " ten " font drive axle, comprise upper and lower wheel (7,7 '), power-on and power-off power-transfer clutch (22,22 ') and middle cantilever (8), wheel (7,7 ') is arranged on the flange at the upper and lower two ends of middle cantilever (8) through screw III (42), screw IV (42 ') respectively, and middle cantilever (8) is connected on car body or vehicle frame by rubber/metallic support II (13 ').
5. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, upper and lower four wheels (1 in described left and right, 1 ', 7, 7 ') position relationship be: left and right wheels (1, 1 ') position is symmetrical in the longitudinal axis (Z ') axis of " ten " font drive axle, L1=L2, upper and lower wheel (7, 7 ') position is symmetrical in transverse axis (X) axis of " ten " font drive axle, L3=L4, diamond pattern is symmetrical structure, L1, it is left that L2 is respectively, right inside semiaxis (15, 15 ') to the distance of the longitudinal axis (Z ') axis of " ten " font drive axle, L3, L4 is respectively, lower wheel (7, 7 ') to the distance of transverse axis (X) axis of " ten " font drive axle.
6. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, the input shaft (33) that described actuator (6) is Nr by rotating speed obtains power, drive finishing bevel gear cuter I (46) and finishing bevel gear cuter I (47) coaxial rotation through drive bevel gear (32), drive finishing bevel gear cuter IV (49) through finishing bevel gear cuter I (47) more simultaneously, finishing bevel gear cuter III (48) is exported respectively and is driven rotational speed N 1, N2, drive respectively left and right wheels (1 through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately, 1 ') rotate, at the two ends up and down of actuator (6) also respectively through screw I (34), screw I (34 ') is connected with power-on and power-off motivation (23, 23 '), be respectively power-on and power-off motivation (23 by the Vehicular accumulator cell group, 23 ') power supply output driving rotational speed N 3, N4, drive respectively upper and lower wheel (7 through transmission shaft and universal-joint separately, 7 ') rotate.
7. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that described left and right
type cantilever (3, 3 ') longitudinal axis (Z ') axis of structure is identical and position is symmetrical " ten " font drive axle, be respectively equipped with left and right tooth roller box (11, 11 '), gear case (11, 11 ') on left and right end cap (19 is housed respectively, 19 ') and left and right roller bearing end cap (20, 20 '), and inside is separately installed with left and right spline shaft (12, 12 ') and left and right inner shaft (15, 15 '), left and right spline shaft (12, 12 ') respectively with left and right inner shaft (15, 15 ') between axis be arranged vertically, left and right transmission shaft (12, 12 ') on the spline finishing bevel gear cuter (29) that structure is identical is housed respectively, inner shaft (15, 15 ') on the taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter (30) that structure is identical is housed respectively, spline finishing bevel gear cuter (29) and taper hole finishing bevel gear cuter (30) are realized respectively left and right spline shaft (12, 12 ') to left and right inner shaft (15, 15 ') transmission of power.
8. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, described left and right steering yoke bolt assembly (2, 2 ') longitudinal axis (Z ') axis of structure is identical and position is symmetrical " ten " font drive axle, left and right steering yoke bolt assembly (2, 2 ') all there is respectively universal-joint VII (31) and stub (27) that structure is identical, (o) some position that is centered close to the X coordinate of the universal-joint VII (31) that described left steering stub assembly (2) has and stub (27), (o ') some position that is centered close to the X coordinate of the universal-joint VII (31) that right steering stub assembly (2 ') has and stub (27), (o) be the center of the affiliated universal-joint VII (31) of left wheel (1) steering yoke bolt assembly (2) and stub (27), (o ') point is the center of the affiliated universal-joint VII (31) of right wheel (1) steering yoke bolt assembly (2 ') and stub (27).
9. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, described left and right wheels (1, 1 ') drive respectively left and right pull bar (17 through actuating arm (18), 17 ') and left and right spindle arm (16, 16 ') the control steering procedure, turn to actuating arm (18) by the corner displacement of bearing circle again through machinery or electronic, hydraulic way is controlled, when right wheel (1 ') pivot angle direction be+time, left wheel (1) pivot angle direction be-, vice versa, and when left and right wheels (1, 1 ') between distance when larger, cancel long left and right pull bar (17, 17 ') structure, adopt electronic or hydraulic servo mechanism respectively at wheel (1, 1 ') near direct driving left and right spindle arm (16, 16 ') the control steering procedure.
10. diamond pattern wheel according to claim 1 is arranged cross bridge four-wheel drive mechanism, it is characterized in that, the upper and lower wheel in left and right of described " ten " font drive axle (1,1 ', 7,7 ') type of drive can be reduced to left and right two wheels (1,1 ') type of drive, also can be reduced to upper and lower two wheels (7,7 ') type of drive.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201210043089 CN102530123B (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Rhomboid wheel-arranged cross-shaped axle 4WD (4 wheel drive) mechanism |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201210043089 CN102530123B (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Rhomboid wheel-arranged cross-shaped axle 4WD (4 wheel drive) mechanism |
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| CN102530123A CN102530123A (en) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN102530123B true CN102530123B (en) | 2013-05-22 |
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| CN 201210043089 Expired - Fee Related CN102530123B (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2012-02-24 | Rhomboid wheel-arranged cross-shaped axle 4WD (4 wheel drive) mechanism |
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| CN109878329A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-14 | 山东金惠新达智能制造科技有限公司 | A kind of 4 wheel driven linkage traveling chassis structure and 4 wheel driven link driving system |
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| JPS59167333A (en) * | 1983-03-11 | 1984-09-20 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | All-wheel drive type four-wheeled vehicle |
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| DE3416475A1 (en) * | 1984-05-04 | 1985-11-28 | Becker, Ewald, Dipl.-Ing., 5206 Neunkirchen | Three-axle motor vehicle |
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