CN102528572B - 单激励超声椭圆振动装置 - Google Patents

单激励超声椭圆振动装置 Download PDF

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CN102528572B
CN102528572B CN 201110413961 CN201110413961A CN102528572B CN 102528572 B CN102528572 B CN 102528572B CN 201110413961 CN201110413961 CN 201110413961 CN 201110413961 A CN201110413961 A CN 201110413961A CN 102528572 B CN102528572 B CN 102528572B
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vibration bar
conical horn
elliptical vibration
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CN102528572A (zh
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闫艳燕
赵波
刘俊利
徐沛林
王友松
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Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co ltd
Smartguy Intelligent Equipment Co Ltd Guangzhou Branch
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Henan University of Technology
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种单激励超声椭圆振动装置，包括机架，机架上设有轴线相互垂直的椭圆振动杆和圆锥形变幅杆，椭圆振动杆的下端与圆锥形变幅杆的小端固定连接，圆锥形变幅杆的大端与换能器连接，换能器与超声波发生器连接。本发明具有性能可靠、调节方便等优点。

Description

单激励超声椭圆振动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单激励超声椭圆振动装置。 
背景技术
随着新工艺、新材料的诞生，陶瓷、单晶硅、玻璃等硬脆材料以其独特的物理、化学性能在现代制造业中占据着极其重要的地位，其应用领域也在不断拓宽。但是，这些材料硬度高、脆性大、断裂韧性低等特性使其很容易产生表面/亚表面裂纹、表面凹坑等机加工缺陷，使得零部件的精度和可靠性大打折扣，严重阻碍了其在高、精、尖技术领域的应用和推广。传统的金刚石磨料磨削技术，由于在硬脆材料的磨削过程中磨削力大、磨削温度高等原因，很容易引起砂轮的堵塞和快速磨损，难以实现硬脆材料的高效率、高精度加工。为了解决硬脆材料难加工的技术难题问题，国内外学者通过不懈的努力在硬脆材料的切削性能和加工方法等方面取得了显著的成就，并指出在特定的条件下可以实现硬脆材料的塑性域加工。而在硬脆材料的诸多加工方法中，超声波振动辅助磨削技术，尤其是二维超声振动磨削技术被证实是一种高效率、高精度的加工方法，其不但可以使磨削过程中硬脆材料的去除率得到大幅度的提高，而且拓宽了硬脆材料塑性域加工范围，大幅度减少了加工缺陷和砂轮堵塞现象。目前，国内外关于二维超声振动辅助磨削装置的研制主要是通过在呈一定夹角的两个方向上将具有一定相位差的同频率激励同时施加到工具头或工件上来实现的。但是两个方向上激励的频率调节非常麻烦，很难实现严格意义上的一致，并且在加工中因负载、切削参数变化等引起的振幅变化、频率漂移等使得加工质量的一致性难以保证。 
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种性能可靠、调节方便的单激励超声椭圆振动装置。 
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是： 
单激励超声椭圆振动装置，包括机架，机架上设有轴线相互垂直的椭圆振动杆和圆锥形变幅杆，椭圆振动杆的下端与圆锥形变幅杆的小端固定连接，圆锥形变幅杆的大端与换能器连接，换能器与超声波发生器连接。
所述机架包括底座，底座上固定连接有相对应设置的两块立板，立板上端固定连接有盖板，所述椭圆振动杆垂直穿过盖板且通过其节盘与盖板固定连接；所述圆锥形变幅杆通过其节盘与设置于机架上的支撑板固定，支撑板下端通过螺栓与底座上的滑槽固定连接，以方便于圆锥形变幅杆与椭圆振动杆之间的位置调节。 
所述椭圆振动杆截面为矩形，椭圆振动杆下端设有圆盘，圆盘的轴线与椭圆振动杆的轴线重合，圆盘的圆周面上沿径向设有多个螺纹孔，圆锥形变幅杆的小端通过双头螺柱与圆盘螺纹连接；通过圆锥形变幅杆与不同的螺纹孔相连接，不但可以实现一维、二维超声振动，而且可以调整二维超声振动在不同方向上的振幅。 
所述椭圆振动杆与其节盘及圆盘一体成型；所述圆锥形变幅杆与其节盘一体成型，可以尽可能地减小因连接面数量的增加而引起的能量损失、确保圆锥形变幅杆轴线与矩形截面梁的轴线间的垂直度要求。 
本发明工作时，超声波发生器输出的高频电振荡信号由压电式换能器转换为高频的机械振动，经圆锥形变幅杆的聚能放大作用在变幅杆的小端输出振幅得到放大的纵向机械振动，高频的机械振动经圆锥形变幅杆传递至椭圆振动杆的施振点上。当圆锥形变幅杆的轴线与矩形截面梁的两个主惯性矩平面之一垂直时将在椭圆振动杆的输出端输出一维超声振动；当圆锥形变幅杆的轴线与椭圆振动杆中矩形截面梁的两个主惯性平面均呈一定夹角时（不等于90度），由圆锥形变幅杆输入的一维激励将分解为矩形截面梁两个主惯性平面内的两个频率相同、幅值不等的激励作用。由于椭圆振动杆矩形截面两主惯性平面上的极惯性矩不同和材料本身的阻尼作用将在椭圆振动杆的输出端输出椭圆振动，性能可靠、调节方便。 
附图说明
图1是本发明结构示意图； 
图2是图1的俯视图；
图3是图1的左视图。
具体实施方式
如图1、图2、图3所示，单激励超声椭圆振动装置，包括机架，机架上设有轴线相互垂直的椭圆振动杆4和圆锥形变幅杆7，椭圆振动杆4的下端与圆锥形变幅杆7的小端固定连接，圆锥形变幅杆7的大端与换能器连接，换能器与超声波发生器连接（换能器与超声波发生器及其连接方式为现有技术故图中未显示）。所述机架包括底座1，底座1上固定连接有相对应设置的两块立板2，立板2上端固定连接有盖板3，所述椭圆振动杆4垂直穿过盖板3且通过其节盘5与盖板3通过螺栓固定连接；所述圆锥形变幅杆7通过其节盘9与设置于机架上的支撑板8通过螺栓固定，支撑板8下端通过螺栓与底座1上的滑槽10固定连接，以方便于圆锥形变幅杆7与椭圆振动杆4之间的位置调节。所述椭圆振动杆4的截面为矩形，椭圆振动杆4下端设有圆盘6，圆盘6的轴线与椭圆振动杆4的轴线重合，圆盘6的圆周面上沿径向设有多个螺纹孔，圆锥形变幅杆7的小端通过双头螺柱与圆盘6螺纹连接，通过圆锥形变幅杆7与不同的螺纹孔相连接，不但可以实现一维、二维超声振动，而且可以调整二维超声振动在不同方向上的振幅。椭圆振动杆4与其节盘5及圆盘6一体成型；圆锥形变幅杆7与其节盘9一体成型，可以尽可能地减小因连接面数量的增加而引起的能量损失、确保圆锥形变幅杆7的轴线与矩形截面梁的轴线间的垂直度要求。 

Claims (2)

1.单激励超声椭圆振动装置，其特征在于，包括机架，机架上设有轴线相互垂直的椭圆振动杆和圆锥形变幅杆，椭圆振动杆的下端与圆锥形变幅杆的小端固定连接，圆锥形变幅杆的大端与换能器连接，换能器与超声波发生器连接；所述机架包括底座，底座上固定连接有相对应设置的两块立板，立板上端固定连接有盖板，所述椭圆振动杆垂直穿过盖板且通过其节盘与盖板固定连接；所述圆锥形变幅杆通过其节盘与设置于机架上的支撑板固定，支撑板下端通过螺栓与底座上的滑槽固定连接；所述椭圆振动杆截面为矩形，椭圆振动杆下端设有圆盘，圆盘的轴线与椭圆振动杆的轴线重合，圆盘的圆周面上沿径向设有多个螺纹孔，圆锥形变幅杆的小端通过双头螺柱与圆盘螺纹连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的单激励超声椭圆振动装置，其特征在于，所述椭圆振动杆与其节盘及圆盘一体成型；所述圆锥形变幅杆与其节盘一体成型。
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CN103191859B (zh) * 2013-05-08 2015-05-13 苏州科技学院 一种单激励超声椭圆振动换能器
CN104440417B (zh) * 2014-12-09 2017-01-18 常州机电职业技术学院 一种单激励超声椭圆振动无心磨削装置
CN104833568B (zh) * 2015-05-06 2017-06-06 上海理工大学 用于光学玻璃超声振动压痕实验的减振装置

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