CN102528404A - Integral impeller blade semi-finishing method for removing residual stress with aid of laser - Google Patents
Integral impeller blade semi-finishing method for removing residual stress with aid of laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN102528404A CN102528404A CN2012100373099A CN201210037309A CN102528404A CN 102528404 A CN102528404 A CN 102528404A CN 2012100373099 A CN2012100373099 A CN 2012100373099A CN 201210037309 A CN201210037309 A CN 201210037309A CN 102528404 A CN102528404 A CN 102528404A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integral impeller blade semi-finishing method for removing residual stress with the aid of laser. The surface of an integral impeller blade to be machined is subjected to laser shot-blasting strengthening treatment by adopting pulse laser beams after a thermal treatment procedure and before a conventional semi-finishing procedure, and a surface deformation layer caused by the laser shot-blasting strengthening treatment is removed by milling, so that the residual pressure stress and the residual tensile stress respectively produced by the front and rear procedures are counteracted with each other, deformation produced after the stress of the blade is released is effectively controlled, micro cracks are reduced, and the machined integral impeller blade has good stability and reliability. The method is applied to stress removing mechanical cutting machining of complex impeller blades having various structures.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method that is used for half-open centrifugal integral wheel, be specifically related to the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of a kind of laser, belong to machine cut processing and manufacturing technical field.
Background technology
Impeller is the typical part of complex-curved processing in the Aero-Space device, in traditional milling process, can produce a large amount of heat in metal cuttings inevitably, thereby cause residual tension at blade surface, causes the appearance of micro-crack, reduces the service life of integral wheel.Because the impeller blade sidewall is thin, thin wall vane very easily produces distortion after Stress Release, thereby has reduced the impeller accuracy of manufacture.
In recent years, China makes process technology to impeller and has carried out broad research, and publication number is the processing method that the one Chinese patent application of CN101590587 has proposed a kind of integral wheel, has satisfied crudy basically; Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN101658999A has proposed a kind of processing technology for double-blade enclosed impeller, and this processing technology can significantly alleviate the actual weight of impeller, and reduces product cost; Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN102218649A adopts four conventional shaft vertical machining centers that curved surface wind-force integral wheel is carried out precise curved surface processing, reaches the effect that production cost is low, working (machining) efficiency is high; Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN102085576A has proposed the slotting method of milling digital control processing of a kind of integral wheel blade-section five-axle linkage change axle, has improved production efficiency; Publication number is that the one Chinese patent application of CN1600485A discloses a kind of impellers in high strength welding and the method that eliminates stress, though this method can reduce the residual stress after welding, need put into burner hearth to impeller and heat-treat.All above-mentioned patents all can't solve in the impeller blade processing because the residual tension that heat in metal cutting causes after release, causes blade to deform and problems such as micro-crack appear in blade surface; Along with the manufacturing develop rapidly of China's Aero-Space, be badly in need of a kind of machine cut processing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress in real time.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency to prior art; Provide a kind of laser the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress; Before Milling Process, adopt laser beam that the laser peening intensive treatment is carried out on the impeller blade surface earlier; Residual compressive stress and residual tension that two-step is successively produced are respectively cancelled out each other, and control the distortion that impeller blade produces after Stress Release and the generation of minimizing micro-crack effectively.
The present invention solves its technical problem through following technical scheme:
The auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of a kind of laser; It is characterized in that: after heat treatment step and before the conventional semifinishing operation; Adopt pulse laser beam that the laser peening intensive treatment is carried out on the impeller blade surface; Subsequently Milling Process is carried out on the impeller blade surface, remove the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment.
The auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) on the circular arc of integral wheel blade to be processed, get ten Along ents, the residual stress size is measured in pointwise, gets the residual stress offset of its mean value as follow-up laser reinforcing;
(2) with integral wheel clamping to be processed on the workbench of numerical control machining center, pitch-dark in the spraying of impeller blade to be processed surface, the absorbed layer of strengthening as laser peening;
(3) with the milling cutter clamping on the main shaft of numerical control machining center, laser head is installed on the numerical control machining center and makes it does not have interference with said integral wheel blade, the hot spot that this laser head irradiation forms drops on the impeller blade surface and with milling cutter and keeps a distance;
(4) open laser instrument, step (1) gained residual stress offset as desired value, is set pulse width, power density and the spot size of corresponding laser;
(5) start numerical control machining center, successively carry out laser peening along the surface of impeller blade and strengthen and Milling Process, the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment is removed in milling.
Said numerical control machining center is a high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center; The material of said integral wheel blade is a nickel base superalloy, and thickness is 0.5-2.5cm, and curved surface is smooth, unstressed concentrating.
In the said step (3), milling cutter is a solid carbide end mill, and the optical axis of laser head and the main shaft of numerical control machining center form 60 ° of angles, and the hot spot of laser head and the distance of milling cutter are 5-10cm; In the said step (4), pulse width is that 10ns, power density are 7 * 10
9GW/cm
2, spot size is 5mm; In the said step (5), laser head is identical with the feed speed of milling cutter, and milling is the climb cutting mode and adopts water-base cutting fluid.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of said laser at first adopts pulse laser beam that the laser peening intensive treatment is carried out on nickel base superalloy impeller blade to be processed surface; Adopt milling cutter that blade surface is carried out Milling Process again; Remove the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment; Make residual compressive stress that laser peening intensive treatment operation produces add the residual tension that cutting force in man-hour-the thermal coupling effect causes and cancel out each other with milling; Thereby control the distortion that thin wall vane produces effectively after Stress Release; And reduce the generation of micro-crack, make the integral wheel blade after the processing have good stable property and reliability.
Facts have proved; After the linear leaf semifinishing of the method for the invention to GH4169 nickel base superalloy impeller; Adopt X-350A type X-ray diffractometer to record; The average residual-stress value at ten Along ent places reduces to 71MPa from 402MPa on the circular arc of above-mentioned integral wheel blade, and maximum deformation quantity is reduced to 0.019 from 0.032, has reduced residual tension and maximum deformation quantity after the blade semifinishing significantly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sketch map of processed integral wheel.
Fig. 2 is a processing sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 2.
Wherein, 1 linear leaf, 2 short blades, 3 impeller blades, 4 milling cutters, 5 laser heads, 6 hot spots.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is used for that the laser of half-open centrifugal integral wheel is auxiliary dispels the processing method of stress, and processed integral wheel is as shown in Figure 1, and its wheel face is provided with the linear leaf 1 and short blade 2 of arc.The material of this integral wheel is a nickel base superalloy, and vane thickness is 0.5-2.5cm, and curved surface is smooth, unstressed concentrating.
Described laser assists the content of the semifinishing method of the integral wheel blade of dispeling residual stress to be: after heat treatment step and before the conventional semifinishing operation; Adopt pulse laser beam that the laser peening intensive treatment is carried out on the impeller blade surface; Subsequently Milling Process is carried out on the impeller blade surface, remove the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment.Cancel out each other thereby reach residual compressive stress and residual tension that two-step is successively produced respectively, control distortion that blade produces and the effect that reduces the micro-crack generation effectively after Stress Release.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is done further explanation, set forth the detailed content of said each step of method.
Please combine to consult Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) on the circular arc of integral wheel blade 3 to be processed, get ten Along ents, the residual stress size is measured in pointwise, gets the residual stress offset of its mean value as follow-up laser reinforcing.
(2) with integral wheel clamping to be processed on the workbench of numerical control machining center, pitch-dark in the spraying of impeller blade to be processed 3 surface, as the absorbed layer that laser peening is strengthened, wherein, numerical control machining center is a high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center.
(3) with milling cutter 4 clampings on the main shaft of numerical control machining center; Laser head 5 is installed on the numerical control machining center; Laser head 5 is not had with said integral wheel blade 3 interferes; And the optical axis of laser head 5 and the main shaft of numerical control machining center form 60 ° of angles; The reinforcement hot spot 6 that 5 irradiations of this laser head form drops on the surface of impeller blade 3, and keeps the distance of 5-10cm with milling cutter 4; Wherein, milling cutter 4 is a solid carbide end mill.
(4) open laser instrument, step (1) gained residual stress offset as desired value, is set pulse width, power density and the spot size of corresponding laser, wherein, pulse width is that 10ns, power density are 7 * 10
9GW/cm
2, spot size is 5mm.
(5) start numerical control machining center, successively carry out laser peening along the surface of impeller blade 3 arcs and strengthen and Milling Process, solid carbide end mill 4 is removed the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment with the milling of side milling mode; In the process, laser head 5 is identical with the feed speed of milling cutter 4, and milling is the climb cutting mode and adopts water-base cutting fluid.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1, said method can realize any contour surface is processed continuously.
2, the pitch-dark absorbed layer strengthened of laser peening and can remove in follow-up milling in the processing in the distortion that blade surface produces does not reduce the surface quality of blade.
3, follow-up fine finishining is because the excision surplus is little, so little to the quality influence of integral wheel blade surface.
4, adopt climb cutting and water-base cutting fluid control smear metal to splash, in order to avoid influence the laser peening strengthening effect, and as the restraint layer of laser peening intensive treatment.
5, laser is auxiliary dispels residual stress and belongs to laser cold working method, and the burst length is short, and empty calory produces.
Below be embodiments of the invention:
The material of integral wheel to be processed is a GH4169 nickel base superalloy impeller, and its linear leaf 1 is that 1.0-1.9mm does not wait along thickness on the surperficial arc direction, and linear leaf 1 maximum height is 18mm.Be processed on the high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center and carry out, milling cutter 4 adopts diameter 12mm, the whole tapering milling cutter of the four sword carbide alloy that helical angle is 30 °.
After heat treatment step and before the conventional semifinishing operation, the process that application the present invention processes is following:
(1) on the circular arc of integral wheel blade 3 to be processed, gets ten Along ents; The residual stress size is measured in pointwise; Get the residual stress offset of its mean value as follow-up laser reinforcing, the mean value that measures residual stress is 402MPa, and maximum deformation quantity is 0.032mm.
(2) with integral wheel clamping to be processed on the workbench of high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center, pitch-dark in the spraying of impeller blade to be processed 3 surface, the absorbed layer of strengthening as laser peening.
(3) with solid carbide end mill 4 clampings on the main shaft of high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center; Laser head 5 is installed on the high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center; Laser head 5 and each blade 3 of said integral wheel are not interfered; And the main-shaft axis of the optical axis of laser head 5 and high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center forms 60 ° of angles; The reinforcement hot spot 6 that 5 irradiations of this laser head form drops on the surface of impeller blade 3, and keeps the distance of 10cm with solid carbide end mill 4.
(4) open laser instrument, as desired value, setting corresponding laser peening reinforcement parameter is energy 10J, wavelength 1064nm, spot size 5mm, pulse width 10ns, power density 7 * 10 with step (1) gained residual stress offset 402MPa
9GW/cm
2, repetition rate 10Hz.
(5) start high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center; Carry out laser peening earlier strengthens along the surface of impeller blade 3 arcs; After carry out Milling Process, solid carbide end mill 4 is removed the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment with the milling of side milling mode; Adopt water-base cutting fluid and climb cutting mode in the process, influence strengthening effect to prevent that smear metal from splashing; Laser head 5 is identical with the feed speed of milling cutter 4, and cutting parameter is: cutting speed 50m/min, feed speed 350mm/min, speed of mainshaft 4200r/min, cutting-in 0.3mm radially.
By after linear leaf 1 semifinishing of the inventive method to GH4169 nickel base superalloy impeller; The average residual-stress value that adopts X-350A type X-ray diffractometer to record above-mentioned ten Along ent places reduces to 71MPa from 402MPa; Maximum deformation quantity is reduced to 0.019 from 0.032, has significantly reduced residual tension and maximum deformation quantity after linear leaf 1 semifinishing.
The present invention adopts pulse laser beam that the laser peening intensive treatment is carried out on nickel base superalloy impeller blade to be processed surface; Adopt milling cutter that blade surface is carried out milling again and remove the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment; The residual compressive stress that laser peening intensive treatment operation is produced is offset to mill and is added the residual tension that cutting force in man-hour-the thermal coupling effect causes; Thereby control the distortion that thin wall vane produces effectively after Stress Release; And reduce the generation of micro-crack, make the integral wheel blade after the processing have good stable property and reliability.What the present invention was applicable to various complex structure impeller blades dispels stress machine cut processing.
Claims (9)
1. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of a laser; It is characterized in that: after heat treatment step and before the conventional semifinishing operation; Adopt pulse laser beam that the laser peening intensive treatment is carried out on the impeller blade surface; Subsequently Milling Process is carried out on the impeller blade surface, remove the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment.
2. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said method comprises the steps:
(1) on the circular arc of integral wheel blade to be processed, get ten Along ents, the residual stress size is measured in pointwise, gets the residual stress offset of its mean value as follow-up laser reinforcing;
(2) with integral wheel clamping to be processed on the workbench of numerical control machining center, pitch-dark in the spraying of impeller blade to be processed surface, the absorbed layer of strengthening as laser peening;
(3) with the milling cutter clamping on the main shaft of numerical control machining center, laser head is installed on the numerical control machining center and makes it does not have interference with said integral wheel blade, the hot spot that this laser head irradiation forms drops on the impeller blade surface and with milling cutter and keeps a distance;
(4) open laser instrument, step (1) gained residual stress offset as desired value, is set pulse width, power density and the spot size of corresponding laser;
(5) start numerical control machining center, successively carry out laser peening along the surface of impeller blade and strengthen and Milling Process, the caused areal deformation layer of laser peening intensive treatment is removed in milling.
3. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: in the said step (3); The optical axis of laser head and the main shaft of numerical control machining center form 60 ° of angles, and the hot spot of laser head and the distance of milling cutter are 5-10cm.
4. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the said step (4), pulse width is that 10ns, power density are 7 * 10
9GW/cm
2, spot size is 5mm.
5. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the said step (5), laser head is identical with the feed speed of milling cutter.
6. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the said step (3), milling cutter is a solid carbide end mill.
7. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in the said step (5), milling is the climb cutting mode and adopts water-base cutting fluid.
8. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: said numerical control machining center is a high accuracy 5-shaft linkage numerical control machining center.
9. the auxiliary semifinishing method of dispeling the integral wheel blade of residual stress of laser according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the material of said integral wheel blade is a nickel base superalloy, and thickness is 0.5-2.5cm, and curved surface is smooth, unstressed concentrating.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210037309.9A CN102528404B (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2012-02-17 | Integral impeller blade semi-finishing method for removing residual stress with aid of laser |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210037309.9A CN102528404B (en) | 2012-02-17 | 2012-02-17 | Integral impeller blade semi-finishing method for removing residual stress with aid of laser |
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| CN102528404B CN102528404B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105619258A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-01 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Shot blasting treatment method for solving shot blasting deformation of blades |
| CN110899981A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser-modified ultra-precision cutting laser-assisted hard and brittle material processing method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105619258A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-06-01 | 无锡透平叶片有限公司 | Shot blasting treatment method for solving shot blasting deformation of blades |
| CN110899981A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser-modified ultra-precision cutting laser-assisted hard and brittle material processing method |
| CN110899981B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-07-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser-modified ultra-precision cutting laser-assisted hard and brittle material processing method |
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| CN102528404B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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