CN102526928B - 背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器 - Google Patents

背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器 Download PDF

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CN102526928B
CN102526928B CN2012100504733A CN201210050473A CN102526928B CN 102526928 B CN102526928 B CN 102526928B CN 2012100504733 A CN2012100504733 A CN 2012100504733A CN 201210050473 A CN201210050473 A CN 201210050473A CN 102526928 B CN102526928 B CN 102526928B
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朱青莹
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Shandong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器,它包括沿背越式跳高助跑路线设置的跑道,该跑道的跑道面呈外侧高于内侧的倾斜面。练习方法:运动员在该练习器上完成助跑起跳动作(可过杆或不过杆)。本发明适合于各种层次的跳高运动员(学生),对于改进和提高弧线助跑起跳技术(尤其是最后两步)具有显著作用。该辅助练习器可以让运动员在练习过程中始终沿弧线助跑,在身体最大内倾的时候完成起跳动作,获得较高的腾起高度和较大的离心力,以便身体有充分的时间和空间完成背弓,并迅速越过横杆。

Description

背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种跳高运动员(学生)进行弧线助跑起跳技术练习的辅助装置,具体涉及一种背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器。
背景技术
助跑起跳是背越式跳高教学的重点和难点。目前,背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳的练习通常采用两种方式:一是在地上画弧线,让学生沿弧线助跑;二是采用传统的起跳板起跳。采用上述方式进行分解练习时(单纯的弧线助跑或单纯的踏跳板起跳),学生均能按要求做好。一旦把两者结合起来,学生会出现身体抬起过早(内倾不够)、迈大步、直线助跑、躺着起跳、冲竿、过早倒竿等问题。采用传统练习方式,很难快速、及时、准确地解决问题,助跑起跳一旦做不好,那后续的过杆动作也势必很难完成。长此以往,必然影响教学进度和教学效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器,它包括沿背越式跳高助跑路线设置的跑道,该跑道的跑道面呈外侧高于内侧的倾斜面。
弧线助跑的主要目的是获得较高的助跑速度和较大的离心力使身体越过横杆,这就要求在助跑过程中加大身体的内倾,形成右肩高于左肩(左腿起跳为例)的身体姿势。在传统教学中,如无辅助装置(尤其在初学阶段),学生为加快起跳速度往往在弧线的后段(尤其是后两步)采取直线助跑,从而影响了起跳和过竿。采用“外侧高于内侧的倾斜面”,可以“强迫”学生自然形成右肩高于左肩的姿势,并以该姿势完成后续的动作。
所述跑道的前端为起跳点,该起跳点处的跑道面为平面。与传统起跳板的斜面相比较平面更接近于自然起跳,且不易造成学生向后上方起跳,从而形成躺着过竿的错误动作。
所述跑道包括弧形的底座,底座上设有木板,木板表面覆盖有塑胶垫。木板和塑胶垫起缓冲作用,避免对下肢的创伤。
所述倾斜面由起跑点到越跳点其倾斜度逐渐增大。该练习器的倾斜角度是由小到大,即类似跑了一个小上坡。所述跑道面包括直线段和弧线段,其半径为6-8m,长度(圆弧长度)为1/4圆弧。其优点是:一有利于直线助跑到弧线助跑的自然过渡,保持助跑的节奏和稳定性;二有利于保持身体的内倾以适应速度的加快和离心力的增大,从而以合理的姿势完成起跳。练习方法:运动员在该练习器上完成助跑起跳动作(可过杆或不过杆)。
本发明的有益效果是,适合于各种层次的跳高运动员(学生),对于改进和提高弧线助跑起跳技术(尤其是最后两步)具有显著作用。该辅助练习器可以让运动员在练习过程中始终沿弧线助跑,在身体最大内倾的时候完成起跳动作,获得较高的腾起高度和较大的离心力,以便身体有充分的时间和空间完成背弓,并迅速越过横杆。通过反复练习可以有效地提高弧形助跑起跳技术,进而获得足够的时间和空间完成后续的过杆动作,形成良好的肌肉用力感觉。能够缩短教学时数,提高教学效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构示意图;
图2是图1的A向视图。
其中1.底座,2.木板,3.起跳点,4.外侧,5.内侧。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
如图1所示,一种背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器,它包括沿背越式跳高助跑路线设置的跑道,该跑道的跑道面呈外侧4高于内侧5的倾斜面。跑道包括弧形的底座1,底座1上设有木板2,木板2表面覆盖有塑胶垫。跑道的前端为起跳点3,该起跳点3处的跑道面为平面。所述倾斜面由起跑点到越跳点3其倾斜度逐渐增大。如图2所示,该练习器的倾斜角度是由小到大,即类似跑了一个小上坡。跑道的弯弧为半径为6-8m、长度(圆弧长度)为1/4圆弧。
为验证该辅助练习装置的实际应用效果,以山东师范大学体育学院2010级两个男生班(5、6小班)共计50人为研究对象,分别进行背越式跳高的对比教学实验。根据跳高运动专项竞技能力决定因素选择身高、克托莱指数、下肢长/身高×100、立定三级跳、30m站立式起跑、后抛铅球、助跑摸高共计七个指标,对实验对象进行了测试,所得数据经统计学处理,显示5、6小班在身体形态和身体素质方面均差异不显著。所以随机把5小班(25人)设为实验班,6小班(25人)设为对照班。
分组后,两小班采用对比教学的方法进行同步教学训练。对照组采用常规方法学习背越式跳高技术,实验组采用研制的辅助练习装置进行学习。为保证实验的齐同性、可靠性,排除主观人为因素,在教学过程中,力求各种条件均等(如教学时间、训练次数等),不做额外教学辅导。教学时间为一学期(18周)。
教学结束后,利用课堂时间对学生进行测试,内容分技评(满分100)和达标两部分。技评有三位教师打分,取其平均分为最终技评成绩,技评高度为1.35m,每人有两次试跳机会,两次试跳失败,不予技评。达标则是按竞赛规则,对其成绩进行测试,起跳高度1.35m,每次提升高度为3cm。所得结果统计如下表所示,并在Excel中采用ttext函数检验方法:
Figure BDA0000139759260000031
通过上表及教学实践证明,在训练时使用本助跑起跳练习器,有利于形成正确的助跑和起跳姿势,形成良好的肌肉用力感觉。不但能够缩短教学时数,提高教学效率,更使运动员(学生)在短时间内其技评分数和跳高成绩有了显著提高。

Claims (3)

1.一种背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器,其特征是,它包括沿背越式跳高助跑路线设置的跑道,该跑道的跑道面呈外侧高于内侧的倾斜面; 
所述跑道的前端为起跳点,该起跳点处的跑道面为平面; 
所述跑道包括弧形的底座,底座上设有木板,木板表面覆盖有塑胶垫。 
2. 如权利要求1所述的背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器,其特征是,所述倾斜面由起跑点到越跳点其倾斜度逐渐增大。
3. 如权利要求1所述的背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器,其特征是,所述跑道面包括直线段和弧线段,弧线段为半径为6-8m,圆弧长度为1/4圆弧。
CN2012100504733A 2012-03-01 2012-03-01 背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器 Expired - Fee Related CN102526928B (zh)

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Citations (3)

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CN2432955Y (zh) * 2000-08-08 2001-06-06 南燕军 弹力助跳器
CN2444628Y (zh) * 2000-08-07 2001-08-29 梁洪超 轮式撑杆支承器
CN202538229U (zh) * 2012-03-01 2012-11-21 山东大学 背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2444628Y (zh) * 2000-08-07 2001-08-29 梁洪超 轮式撑杆支承器
CN2432955Y (zh) * 2000-08-08 2001-06-06 南燕军 弹力助跳器
CN202538229U (zh) * 2012-03-01 2012-11-21 山东大学 背越式跳高弧形助跑起跳练习器

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