CN102522553A - Sodium ion battery positive material - Google Patents
Sodium ion battery positive material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102522553A CN102522553A CN2011104580163A CN201110458016A CN102522553A CN 102522553 A CN102522553 A CN 102522553A CN 2011104580163 A CN2011104580163 A CN 2011104580163A CN 201110458016 A CN201110458016 A CN 201110458016A CN 102522553 A CN102522553 A CN 102522553A
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- sodium
- ion battery
- transition metal
- battery positive
- positive electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sodium ion battery positive material, in particular a sodium based transition metal prussiate. The transition metal comprises one or more than one of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ti, V, Cr and Mn. In the sodium based transition metal prussiate, cyanogen (CN) is coordinated with the transition metals to form an oxidation-reduction active center with stable structure, at the same time, the sodium ion can be inversely removed in a host lattice, so that the sodium based transition metal prussiate is expected to serve as an environmentally-friendly sodium ion battery positive material with low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one type of sodium-ion battery positive electrode, belong to the secondary cell field, also belong to the energy and material technical field.
Background technology
In recent years, the application study of high capacity lithium ion battery grows with each passing day, and is regarded as the main selection of extensive energy-storage battery such as following electric automobile, energy-accumulating power station.Yet limited lithium resource reserves and high material cost thereof are brought huge obstacle for its extensive use.Development resource is abundant, and advanced battery system with low cost is to solve the inevitable outlet that following extensive accumulate is used.Sodium element and lithium are in same main group, and chemical property is similar, and electrode potential is also more approaching, and the aboundresources of sodium, and it is also low than lithium to refine cost.If substitute lithium with sodium, develop the sodium-ion battery of excellent working performance, it will have the competitive advantage bigger than lithium ion battery.Therefore, the sodium electrode material of seeking high power capacity and excellent cycle performance has become the current battery hot research fields.
With embedding sodium positive electrode is example, and the material that hitherto reported is crossed is mainly sodium base transition metal oxide (like NaxCoO
2, NaxMnO
2, NaNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2) and sodium base transition metal fluorophosphate (like NaVPO
4F, Na
2FePO
4F).These materials all adopt high temperature solid-state method synthetic, and energy consumption is higher, be prone to environment is produced pollution, and unsatisfactory aspect electrochemistry capacitance and cyclical stability.In patent 200610096874.7, reported the preparation method of a kind of sodium-ion battery with the positive pole material fluorophosphoric acid Naferon like Wang Xianyou etc., gained material reversible capacity only has 60 mAhg
-1, decay to 51 mAhg after the circulation of 20 weeks
-1
Summary of the invention
It is higher that technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of capacity, prepares simple sodium-ion battery positive electrode.And proved its feasibility as the sodium-ion battery positive electrode; What experiment showed that this type material all has a reversible sodium ion takes off the embedding performance; And along with transition metal wherein changes between different valence states; The above redox reaction of a plurality of electronics can take place, and has higher reversible capacity and better cycle performance.
Concrete technical scheme is:
A kind of sodium-ion battery positive electrode is sodium base transition metal cyanide, and transition metal is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ti, V, Cr, one or more among the Mn.
Typical molecular formula is Na
4Fe (CN)
6, Na
4Co (CN)
6, Na
4V (CN)
6, Na
4Mn (CN)
6, Na
4Cr (CN)
6, Na
2Fe
2(CN)
6, NaFe
2(CN)
6, Na
2CoFe (CN)
6, Na
2NiCo (CN)
6, NaZn
3/2Fe (CN)
6, Na
2Ni
0.5Cu
0.5Mn (CN)
6Deng, but be not limited thereto.
This type preparation methods is very simple.When the transition metal is single, for example during Fe, we can be directly with ten commercially available hydration sodium ferrocyanide (Na
4Fe (CN)
610H
2O) be raw material, oven dry is at high temperature sloughed the crystallization water and is promptly got Na
4Fe (CN)
6When the transition metal is two or more, M for example
1, M
2The time, we can be directly with containing M
1Salting liquid with contain M
2The cyanic acid complex solution, mix mutually by a certain percentage, directly prepare required compound by liquid-phase precipitation method.As, Na
2CoFe (CN)
6The preparation method be CoCl
2The aqueous solution add Na
4Fe (CN)
6The aqueous solution in, after reaction a period of time, the collecting precipitation product gets final product after drying.We also can prepare the other materials that proposes in this patent to adopt similar method.
In addition in order further to improve the electronic conductivity of material, it is compound that we can be at material add an amount of conductive additive and sodium base transition metal cyanide in the synthetic or cell preparation process, and the content of conductive additive is 0-50% wt.
Wherein conductive additive can be conductive carbon material or conducting polymer.
Conductive carbon material can be in graphite, acetylene black, Super P, middle phase microballoon or the organic substance cracking carbon one or more.
Conducting polymer can be in polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacrylonitrile, the polyphenyl one or more.
The present invention also provides a kind of sodium-ion battery, by negative pole, and positive pole, electrolyte and barrier film are formed, and positive electrode wherein is a sodium base transition metal cyanide provided by the present invention.
Show that through electro-chemical test sodium base transition metal cyanide material that proposes among the present invention and the compound of forming with conductive additive thereof all have good sodium ion embedding and take off ability.For example, Na
4Fe (CN)
6Being a kind of widely used raw material of industry, is a very reversible oxidation-reduction pair (Fe (CN) in classical electrochemical system
6 4+/ Fe (CN)
6 3+), it as the sodium-ion battery positive electrode, can be realized its 1 Na in theory
+Take off embedding, reversible capacity is 89mAhg
-1And for example, Na
2CoFe (CN)
6Material comprises two two redox active site (Co in its structure
+ 2/+3, Fe
+ 2/+3), can realize the oxidation-reduction capacity of 2 electronics in theory, theoretical capacity is up to 170 mAhg
-1Sodium base transition metal cyanide preparation methods is simple in addition, and abundant raw material is with low cost, and safety non-toxic is harmful, is expected to very much become a kind of sodium-ion battery positive electrode of practicability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, be the Na of the embodiment of the invention 1
4Fe (CN)
6Charging and discharging curve.
Fig. 2, be the NaZn of the embodiment of the invention 2
3/2Mn (CN)
6The charge-discharge performance of/acetylene black composite material.
Fig. 3, be the Na of the embodiment of the invention 4
2CoFe (CN)
6Sem photograph.
Fig. 4, be the Na of the embodiment of the invention 4
2CoFe (CN)
6Charging and discharging curve.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1. Na
4Fe (CN)
6Preparation and electrochemistry storage sodium performance
Commercial ten hydration sodium ferrocyanides are placed on oven dry 10 h in 80 ℃ the baking oven, obtain the anhydrous sodium sodium ferricyanide.With this material is work electrode, and the sodium metal sheet is to electrode, 1mol L
-1NaPF
6(EC-DEC=1:1) for electrolyte is assembled into its chemical property of battery testing, Fig. 1 is Na
4Fe (CN)
6The constant current charge-discharge curve. as shown in Figure 1 at 10 mA g
-1Under the current density, the reversible capacity of material is 87mAh g
-1, the discharge potential platform is 3.3V.
Embodiment 2. NaZn
3/2Mn (CN)
6The preparation of/acetylene black composite material and storage sodium performance
With 0.15 mol ZnSO
4Be dissolved in deionized water, add the Na that contains 0.1mol
4Mn (CN)
6In the aqueous solution, the collecting precipitation product, for use after the washing and drying.Products therefrom is NaZn
3/2Mn (CN)
67:3 takes by weighing NaZn by mass ratio
3/2Mn (CN)
6With acetylene black, ball milling 60min mixing promptly gets material requested.Be assembled into battery by the method among the embodiment 1 and be used for electro-chemical test.As shown in Figure 2, at 20mA g
-1Current density discharges and recharges in the 2-4.0V scope, and recording first all reversible capacities is 78mAhg
-1, capacity still maintains 96% of initial capacity after 50 weeks of circulation.
Embodiment 3. Na
4Cr (CN)
6The preparation of/polypyrrole material and storage sodium performance
6:4 takes by weighing Na by mass ratio
4Cr (CN)
6With polypyrrole, planetary ball mill 60min promptly gets material requested.Be assembled into battery by the method among the embodiment 1 and be used for electro-chemical test.At 20mA g
-1Current density discharges and recharges in the 2-4.0V scope, and recording first all reversible capacities is 75mAhg
-1, capacity still maintains 80% of initial capacity after 20 weeks of circulation.
Embodiment 4.Na
2CoFe (CN)
6Preparation and electrochemistry storage sodium performance
With 0.01mol CoCl
26H
2O is dissolved in the 20mL deionized water, slowly splashes into the Na that 80mL contains 0.01mol
4Fe (CN)
6In the aqueous solution, produce infusible precipitate at once; After continuing stirring reaction 6h,, for use after the washing and drying with the precipitated product centrifugation.Products therefrom is and is Na
2CoFe (CN)
6
Fig. 3 is Na
2CoFe (CN)
6Sem photograph, sample particle diameter as shown in the figure is even, regular shape is the monodisperse particles about 45 nm.Fig. 4 is Na
2CoFe (CN)
6First all charging and discharging curves, can observe two current potential platforms in the drawings, reversible charge/discharge capacity is up to 120 mAh g
-1, loop test shows that capacity still maintains 105 mAhg after 20 weeks
-1
Embodiment 5.NaTi
1/2Fe
3/2(CN)
6Preparation and electrochemistry storage sodium performance
With 0.01mol TiCl
3And 0.01molFe (NO
3)
3Be dissolved in the 50mL deionized water, slowly splash into the Na that 50mL contains 0.02mol
4Fe (CN)
6In the aqueous solution,, for use after the washing and drying with the precipitated product centrifugation.At 20 mAg
-1Under the current density, discharge and recharge in the 2-4.2V scope, recording first all reversible capacities is 110mAhg-1, and capacity still maintains 95% of initial capacity after 10 weeks of circulation.
Embodiment 6.Na
2(Cu
1/2Ni
1/2) Mn (CN)
6The preparation of/polyaniline composite material and electrochemistry storage sodium performance
With 0.1 mol CuSO
4With 0.1mol NiSO
4Be dissolved in the 100mL deionized water jointly, slowly splash into the Na that 900mL contains 0.2mol
4Mn (CN)
6In the aqueous solution, the collecting precipitation product, for use after the washing and drying.Products therefrom is Na
2(Cu
1/2Ni
1/2) Mn (CN)
6, 8:2 takes by weighing Na by mass ratio
2(Cu
1/2Ni
1/2) Fe (CN)
6And polyaniline, mixing in grinding alms bowl.Electro-chemical test shows, at 20 mAg
-1Under the current density, discharge and recharge in the 2-4.2V scope, recording first all reversible capacities is 140mAhg
-1, capacity still maintains 80% of initial capacity after 10 weeks of circulation.
Claims (6)
1. one type of sodium-ion battery positive electrode is composited by sodium base transition metal cyanide and conductive additive, and the content of conductive additive is 0-50% wt;
In the said sodium base transition metal cyanide, transition metal is Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ti, V, Cr, one or more among the Mn.
2. sodium-ion battery positive electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that, sodium base transition metal cyanide is Na
4Fe (CN)
6, Na
4Co (CN)
6, Na
4V (CN)
6, Na
4Mn (CN)
6, Na
4Cr (CN)
6, Na
2Fe
2(CN)
6, NaFe
2(CN)
6, Na
2CoFe (CN)
6, Na
2NiCo (CN)
6, NaZn
3/2Fe (CN)
6Or Na
2Ni
0.5Cu
0.5Mn (CN)
6
3. sodium-ion battery positive electrode according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, wherein conductive additive is conductive carbon material or conducting polymer.
4. sodium-ion battery positive electrode according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said conductive carbon material is one or more in graphite, acetylene black, Super P, middle phase microballoon or the organic substance cracking carbon.
5. sodium-ion battery positive electrode according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said conducting polymer is one or more in polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacrylonitrile, the polyphenyl.
6. sodium-ion battery, by negative pole, positive pole, electrolyte and barrier film are formed, and positive electrode wherein is the described sodium base of claim 1~5 a transition metal cyanide.
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