CN102520106A - 一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法 - Google Patents

一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法 Download PDF

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CN102520106A
CN102520106A CN2011104319277A CN201110431927A CN102520106A CN 102520106 A CN102520106 A CN 102520106A CN 2011104319277 A CN2011104319277 A CN 2011104319277A CN 201110431927 A CN201110431927 A CN 201110431927A CN 102520106 A CN102520106 A CN 102520106A
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soy
soy sauce
analysis
flavor component
sample
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周荣清
郑佳
黄钧
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Sichuan University
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Sichuan University
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Abstract

本发明涉及酱油分析鉴别技术领域,具体是一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法。具体方法如下:1)量取酱油样品;2)加入提取试剂,提取获得香味组分;3)使用气质联用仪进行酱油香味成分的定量分析4)酱油的综合辨析。本发明的优点是:液液萃取、浓缩操作简单、仪器测试结果可靠、费用低廉;综合多变量统计分析方法能区分不同种类、生产工艺、生产周期、地域的酱油;该法提供了准确、快速、明显区分不同酱油的有效手段,为科学研究酱油物性、跟踪控制酱油品质、提升酱油行业科技含量提供了有利条件。

Description

一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法
技术领域
本发明涉及酱油分析技术领域,具体是一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法。
背景技术
酱油是东方的传统发酵食品,是人们日常生活所必不可少的调味品。地域、配料、制曲工艺、发酵工艺和周期以及酿造微生物的不同赋予了酱油香味成分的显著差异性。由于生产方式的不同,酱油酿造过程是复杂的微生物群落在特殊环境下的共酵过程,多酶类协同作用、多菌株共培养的发酵过程,从而酱油的种类呈现多样性。因此,了解发酵过程中酱油品质的变化规律,实现科学调控发酵过程中品质显得十分必要。
酱油的品质与其香味成分息息相关,酸、酯、醇、醛、酮、吡嗪等香味成分构成了酱油纷繁复杂的香味体系。不同类型的酱油的香味成分差异明显,关于酱油的分类鉴别研究较多。《Changes in the chemical composition of traditional Chinese-type soy sauce at different stages of manufacture and its relation to taste》一文公开了不同酿造过程中酱油的香味成分及其归类;《Discrimination of Chinese traditional soy sauces based on their physico-chemical properties》一文公开了基于理化指标的归类分析;有如公开号为CN102053072公开了基于最小偏二乘的酿造酱油和配制酱油的鉴别方法;有如公开号为CN101509900A公开了一种测定酱油中酿造香味成分的方法。但是,现有的测试方法均限于区分鉴别类型差别较大的样品,缺乏实际生产过程中跟踪分析半成品、客观评判发酵过程是否正常的有效手段等;同时,综合多变量统计分析,基于香味成分的酿造酱油过程跟踪分析、不同类型酱油的归类鉴别在国内未见报道。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法,对几种不同地域、生产工艺及生产周期酱油的差异,基于液液萃取萃取、浓缩香味成分并通过气质联用分析,最后通过多变量统计分析确定了不同酱油的差异,并以此来跟踪评定不同品质的酱油。
本发明是以如下技术方案实现的:一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法,基于液液萃取萃取得到酱油香味成分,并利用气质联用对酱油中的香味成分定量分析,再综合利用多变量统计分析,从而确定不同酱油的差异,跟踪评定不同品质的酱油;具体方法如下:
1) 香味成分提取:量取5ml酱油,加入20ml二氯甲烷:无水乙醚(体积比1:1),提取样品中的香味成分;
2) 将步骤1)中获得的香味成分在冰浴中经氮气浓缩至0.5ml,进行气质联用分析;
3) 将步骤2)得到的样品香味成分数据,基于主成分分析、冗余分析、聚类分析、相关系数分析等进行酱油的综合辨析。
本发明的优点是:液液萃取、浓缩操作简单、仪器测试结果可靠、费用低廉;综合多变量统计分析方法能区分不同种类、生产工艺、生产周期、地域的酱油;该法提供了准确、快速、明显区分不同酱油的有效手段,为科学研究酱油物性、跟踪控制酱油品质、提升酱油行业科技含量提供了有利条件。
附图说明
图1 不同类型、生产周期酱油香味成分色谱图。
图2 不同类型、生产周期酱油聚类分析图。
图3 不同类型、生产周期酱油主成份分析图。
图4 不同类型、生产周期酱油冗余分析图。
具体实施方式
实施实例1
量取5ml酱油,加入20ml二氯甲烷:无水乙醚(体积比1:1),提取样品中的香味成分;将获得的香味成分在冰浴中经氮气浓缩至0.5ml,进行气质联用分析;最后将得到的样品香味成分数据,基于主成分分析、冗余分析、聚类分析、相关系数分析等进行酱油的综合辨析。
气质联用分析的条件是:采用Thermo Trace GC Ultra DSQⅡ气质联用仪,色谱柱为HP-5MS(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱。检测中使用的升温程序如下:进样口温度:250℃;进样量:0.5μl;分流比:10:1;载气(He)流速:1ml/min;起始柱温:40℃,保持3min;以4℃/min升至100 ℃,再以6℃/min升至220℃,保持10min。质谱电子强度:70eV;离子源温度:230℃;扫描范围:40~400amu。
色谱图见图1;聚类分析见图2;主成分见图3;冗余分析见图4。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于香味成分的酿造酱油辨析方法,其特征是先用液液萃取法提取获得酱油香味成分,再利用气质联用仪对酱油的香味成分分析,最后经多变量统计分析区分酱油,判定其品质并归类;具体包括以下步骤:
1) 香味成分提取:量取5ml酱油,加入20ml二氯甲烷:无水乙醚(体积比1:1),提取样品中的香味成分;
2) 将步骤1)中获得的香味成分在冰浴中经氮气浓缩至0.5ml,进行气质联用分析;
3) 将步骤2)得到的样品香味成分数据,基于主成分分析、冗余分析、聚类分析、相关系数分析等进行酱油的综合辨析。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤1)中的实验材料可以为不同地域、不同生产周期、不同类型的样品;该方法尤其适合于各种酿造酱油的分析。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤3)中气相色谱-质谱仪采用的是Thermo Trace GC Ultra DSQⅡ气质联用仪,色谱柱为HP-5MS(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm)毛细管柱。
4.检测中使用的升温程序如下:进样口温度:250℃;进样量:0.5μl;分流比:10:1;载气(He)流速:1ml/min;起始柱温:40℃,保持3min;以4℃/min升至100 ℃,再以6℃/min升至220℃,保持10min。
5.质谱电子强度:70eV;离子源温度:230℃;扫描范围:40~400amu。
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CN103344712A (zh) * 2013-06-09 2013-10-09 佛山市海天调味食品股份有限公司 一种基于多元统计分析判别酱油种类的方法
CN104155393A (zh) * 2014-08-19 2014-11-19 天津春发生物科技集团有限公司 一种固相微萃取提取酱油中挥发性成分的方法
CN104749274A (zh) * 2015-03-12 2015-07-01 广东省食品工业研究所 一种鉴别真假酿造酱油的方法
CN109374801A (zh) * 2018-09-06 2019-02-22 北京工商大学 基于身份标识性特征风味组分的马苏里拉奶酪级别判别方法

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CN103344712A (zh) * 2013-06-09 2013-10-09 佛山市海天调味食品股份有限公司 一种基于多元统计分析判别酱油种类的方法
CN103344712B (zh) * 2013-06-09 2014-11-26 佛山市海天调味食品股份有限公司 一种基于多元统计分析判别酱油种类的方法
CN104155393A (zh) * 2014-08-19 2014-11-19 天津春发生物科技集团有限公司 一种固相微萃取提取酱油中挥发性成分的方法
CN104749274A (zh) * 2015-03-12 2015-07-01 广东省食品工业研究所 一种鉴别真假酿造酱油的方法
CN109374801A (zh) * 2018-09-06 2019-02-22 北京工商大学 基于身份标识性特征风味组分的马苏里拉奶酪级别判别方法
CN109374801B (zh) * 2018-09-06 2020-11-10 北京工商大学 基于身份标识性特征风味组分的马苏里拉奶酪级别判别方法

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