CN102513440A - Method and device for forming magnesium alloy formed parts with excellent high-temperature mechanical property - Google Patents
Method and device for forming magnesium alloy formed parts with excellent high-temperature mechanical property Download PDFInfo
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- CN102513440A CN102513440A CN2011104218384A CN201110421838A CN102513440A CN 102513440 A CN102513440 A CN 102513440A CN 2011104218384 A CN2011104218384 A CN 2011104218384A CN 201110421838 A CN201110421838 A CN 201110421838A CN 102513440 A CN102513440 A CN 102513440A
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005304 optical glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for forming magnesium alloy formed parts with excellent high-temperature mechanical property. The device mainly comprises a die, a laser, a thermal sensor, a miniature heater and the like. The method includes: heating magnesium alloy to 120-150 DEG C to realize high-speed contact molding according to the laser peening quick-forming technology which utilizes dynamic strain ageing reinforcement, heat forming and high-pressure strain rate of thermal laser peening, placing magnesium alloy plates on a die in a work cavity, attaching energy converters on the magnesium alloy plates, vacuumizing the work cavity, and realizing high-speed contact molding of the magnesium alloy plates by the thermal laser peening process through the miniature heater and the laser. Dislocation anchoring effect and nano precipitates are formed in formed parts by the thermal laser peening technology, so that the magnesium alloy formed parts have excellent high-temperature mechanical property such as high-temperature creep resistance, high-temperature strength and the like, thermal high-strain-rate forming of the magnesium alloy plates is realized, and forming performance and efficiency of the magnesium alloy are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Mg alloy formed field and field of laser processing, refer in particular to building mortion and the method for obtaining superior mechanical behavior under high temperature magnesium alloy plate drip molding.Be mainly used in the forming property and the mechanical behavior under high temperature that improve magnesium alloy, for the magnesium alloy plate Plastic Forming provides a kind of novel and effective technology.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy has vast potential for future development as the green engineering material of 21 century.And because the special construction of magnesium alloy; Magnesium alloy is the close-packed hexagonal crystal structure; { three slip coefficients of 0001} can deform, and therefore at room temperature plastic deformation ability is very poor, and this is the less major reason of magnesium alloy plastic working manufacturing process to have only basal plane at normal temperatures; Simultaneously; Since advantage such as very little, the specific strength height of magnesium alloy density and automobile, aircraft alleviate trend; Be widely used in the manufacturing of key components and parts such as aero-engine, automobile engine and air cooling engine, for these key components and parts, their service temperature all concentrates between 100 ° of C ~ 300 ° C; This just requires magnesium alloy must have good high-temperature mechanical property and high-temperature creep resistance; When but current Mg alloy formed goods (100 ° of C ~ 300 ° C) under hot environment used, its intensity and croop property can descend significantly, time decreased by to reach 56% ~ 60%; Greatly reduce the service life of magnesium alloy component, big limitations the scope of application of magnesium alloy.Therefore, the magnesium alloy temperature-room type plasticity defectives such as difficult, mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature creep resistance be poor that are shaped greatly limit the magnesium alloy industrialized mass and reach the application at automobile industry and aerospace field.
At present magnesium-alloy material mainly adopts method such as casting forming to produce, and is the Chinese patent of CN1386600A like publication number, and its manufacturing process is: use earlier magnesium alloy is heated to 620 ° of C ~ 720 ° C, make its fusing; Then the magnesium alloy that melts is injected in the mould and goes, come casting forming through die casting machine at last; Like publication number is the Chinese patent of CN101386946A, and its manufacturing process is: configure the content of various elements in the magnesium alloy earlier, put into the melting machine then and carry out melting; Last casting forming.Though these methods can be with the casting character of high magnesium alloy, complex parts that can casting place different shape, also come with some shortcomings: (1) product specification is size-constrained, mechanical property is relatively poor; (2) various casting flaws are difficult to keep away as dredging hole, pore, shrinkage cavity and being mingled with; (3) need use the mould of numerous complicated in the whole forming process; (4) mechanical behavior under high temperature such as Mg alloy formed high-temp and high-strength and high-temperature creep resistance is poor; (5) all be under the high temperature low strain rate, to be shaped, and the easy oxidation of drip molding etc.; (6) can't realize little shaping (um or inferior um magnitude) of magnesium alloy plate.
Traditional Mg alloy formed method all is at high temperature to carry out; High temperature process has the degree of deformation height, technology controlling and process is complicated; And Mg alloy formed mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature creep resistance obtaining after being shaped are relatively poor; Be difficult to satisfy the instructions for use under the high temperature, defectives such as easy oxidation of magnesium alloy and burning.If adopt plastic molding method then can effectively avoid most of defective of casting forming.
In order to solve at lower temperature (＜0.5T
m, T
mAbsolute temperature for the magnesium alloy fusing point) under magnesium alloy plate is formed, domestic have some patents to adopt plastic molding method, and at present the forming technique for magnesium alloy plate mainly contains: push, roll, drawing and forming, drawing.Because magnesium alloy materials Plastic Forming performance at room temperature is lower, and improve the forming property that forming temperature can improve magnesium alloy plate greatly, therefore the Plastic Forming of current magnesium alloy plate is all carried out at a certain temperature, i.e. warm forming.Like publication number is the Chinese patent of CN1903473A; Its manufacturing process is: heat blank holder and die to 170 ° C-180 ° C earlier, die surface is coated with lubricant again, again the magnesium alloy plate blank surface is coated with lubricant; And then with magnesium alloy plate blank heating to 170 ° C-180 ° C; Secondly punch is heated 70 ° of C-100 ° C, begin to utilize punch to carry out drawing and forming at last, obtain required Mg alloy formed.Though this patent can be prepared required Mg alloy formed at a lower temperature; And the utilization rate of material is also than higher; But also have certain deficiency: (1) is because 170 ° of C-180 ° C of forming temperature of its description have surpassed the temperature range that magnesium alloy generation dynamic strain lost efficacy; And the strain rate that is shaped is lower, so can't improve Mg alloy formed mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as high-temp and high-strength, high-temperature creep resistance; (2) whole system has only a resistance heated rod, lacks effective temperature control module, can not effectively accurately control the temperature of plate surface; (3) whole forming process all is to be exposed in the air, is easy to cause Mg alloy formed surface oxidation, can't guarantee Mg alloy formed surface quality that is:; (4) used particular manufacturing craft, process flexibility is poor; (5) method and apparatus of this patent only is applicable to the shaping of big molded dimension (more than the mm magnitude), can't realize for little shaping of magnesium alloy (um or inferior um magnitude).Like publication number is the Chinese patent of CN101209478A; Its forming technique is to have adopted non-isothermal punching forming; Though the related technical scheme of this patent can realize preparing at a lower temperature required Mg alloy formed; And effectively prevented to rupture at drip molding die entrance place, but also existed certain deficiency: (1) this patent can't improve mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as drip molding high-temp and high-strength, high-temperature creep resistance; (2) device of this patent has increased cooling system, constant temperature system, causes the complicated unusually of whole building mortion; (3) whole device has only a thermocouple and heating plate, lacks effective accurate temperature controller module; (4) forming process of whole device embodiment all is a kind of open shaping environment, is easy to bitter earth alloy drip molding surface, thereby can't guarantee the surface quality of drip molding.Like publication number is the Chinese patent of CN1903473A; It adopts warm drawing process to be shaped; Its forming technology is: heating blank holder and die-mould are coated with profit agent-blank and are coated with profit agent-blank heating-punch preheating-stretch forming, though this patent can be at lower temperature (＜0.5T
m, T
mAbsolute temperature for the magnesium alloy fusing point) under magnesium alloy plate is formed, and the utilization rate of material is very high, forming dimension and precision are higher, but also exist not enough: complicated particular manufacturing craft need be used in (1), and forming technology is very complicated; (2) shaping strain rate is lower, and production efficiency is lower; (3) whole forming process lacks effective anti-oxidation measure; Mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as the high-temp and high-strength of the drip molding that (4) obtains and high-temperature creep resistance are poor; (5) device that relates to of this patent does not disclose effective temperature control module device, can not accurately control the temperature of magnesium alloy plate; (6) method of this patent only is applicable to the shaping of big molded dimension (more than the mm magnitude) shape part, can't realize little shaping (um or inferior um magnitude) of magnesium alloy.
Appearance along with Laser Peening Technology; Solving well to a certain degree that traditional processing flexibility that utilizes particular manufacturing craft to bring is poor, the shaping strain rate is low, can't realize that little shaping (um or inferior um magnitude) of magnesium alloy plate waits deficiency; Like grant number is the Chinese patent of CN101332538B; Its forming technique is: earlier material is heated to uniform temperature; Then the laser blast wave of high-frequency and high-voltage as the laser beam of power source and high energy as thermal source, carry out high speed by die and paste the little shaping of mould.Though this patent can form the material of difficult Plastic Forming under the room temperature; And reach the purpose of strengthening drip molding when can reshape; But also have certain deficiency: (1) this patent is carried out preheating to sheet material, and its main purpose is with the single purpose that is configured as, and is that its shaping characteristic is that the limit heating edge is shaped; Just probably when temperature does not reach material generation dynamic strain aging temperature; Being shaped finishes, and be the temperature of material generation dynamic strain aging and the information such as microstructure that not disclose any relevant drip molding inside owing to specifically do not indicate heating-up temperature, and this patent is mentioned: its technique effect just can the refinement surface layer grain and is made even tissue; So what improve is the room-temperature mechanical property of drip molding; Can not improve mechanical behavior under high temperature, that is: not disclose the information of any relevant drip molding mechanical behavior under high temperature, so this patent also just can't improve the drip molding mechanical behavior under high temperature; (2) whole shaping all is under open environment, to carry out, and lacks effective anti-oxidation measure and device, is easy to cause the drip molding surface oxidation, can't guarantee the surface quality of drip molding; (3) do not disclose any relevant accurate temperature controller module in the whole proposal, can't accurately measure the forming temperature of material surface; (4) because this patent is to utilize two bundle laser to impact respectively and heating, need use two laser equipments, the manufacturing cost that improves greatly.
Immediate with the present invention is that publication number is the Chinese patent of CN101590501A; Its method that adopts is that warm electromagnetic impact is shaped; Earlier magnesium alloy is heated to 100 ° of C ~ 300 ° C; In that solenoid discharge generation electromagnetic force is carried out impact forging to magnesium alloy, though the technology in this patent can be implemented under the thermal condition magnesium alloy plate is formed, with respect to traditional casting forming and warm forming very big progress has been arranged; But also exist deficiency: (1) whole shaping environment is to be in a kind of open environment; I.e. heating and impacting in air, described manufacturing process process of this patent and device not disclose any measure that prevents the magnesium alloy plate surface oxidation and device, can't guarantee the quality that drip molding is surperficial; (2) device of this patent has only a heating rod, and not open effectively accurately automatic temperature control module is difficult to the accurately temperature of control magnesium alloy plate; (3) mode of heating of this patent is mold heated to 100 ° C ~ 300 ° of C through heating rod; Conduct the heat transferred magnesium alloy plate through heat then, mould not only consumes energy with regard to hot soak condition like this; And quickened the wearing and tearing of mould, working life shortens; (4) on-load pressure during warm electromagnetic impact is shaped can not accurately be controlled, technical process control difficulty; (5) method that relates to of this patent does not disclose the information of Mg alloy formed the mechanical behavior under high temperature that obtains after any relevant shaping; That is: the related method of this patent be single be purpose with the Plastic Forming, do not relate to the information of any relevant Mg alloy formed mechanical behavior under high temperature; (6) this device lacks effective insulation measures, has only a high temperature insulation resin, and safety can not get guaranteeing; (7) method and apparatus of this patent only is applicable to the shaping of big molded dimension (more than the mm magnitude), can't realize for little shaping of magnesium alloy (um or inferior um magnitude); (8) method of this patent only is applicable to that thickness is the thin plate magnesium alloy plate shaping of 0.5mm ~ 2.5mm.
In sum, though the related method of more existing patents can realize that magnesium alloy plate is at lower temperature (＜0.5T
m, T
mAbsolute temperature for the magnesium alloy fusing point) carry out Plastic Forming; Like warm forming (100 ° of C ~ 300 ° C) etc.; But also exist many defectives; Mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as Mg alloy formed the high-temp and high-strength that the plastic forming technology of the magnesium alloy that utilization is at present relevant obtains, high-temperature creep resistance are poor and surface quality is poor, and this point is the big obstacle that present magnesium alloy plastic forming technology can't overcome.
The temperature Laser Peening Technology is a novel process for treating surface and novel warm deformation processing technology; It integrates dynamic strain aging and laser peening is strengthened, and warm laser peening makes the material production high density dislocation, and high density dislocation and solute atoms interact; Produce dislocation at material internal and prick the nail effect; Effectively hindered the motion of dislocation, and separated out the nanometer precipitate at material internal, these nanometer precipitates make microstructure more stable; Effectively hinder the slippage of crystal boundary, improved magnesium alloy mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature creep resistance then; Laser peening is shaped as a kind of Under High Strain rate manufacturing process, for the forming property that improves sheet metal unique advantage is arranged; Improve the plastic deformation ability that forming temperature can effectively improve magnesium alloy plate.Therefore; The present invention adopts warm laser peening; The advantage of having concentrated warm working and laser peening to be shaped is carried out warm high strain rate forming to magnesium alloy; Improved forming efficiency greatly, improved the plastic deformation ability of magnesium alloy, and it is relatively poor to have solved the mechanical behavior under high temperature and the high-temperature creep resistance of the magnesium alloy parts that tradition processes.Utilize the warm laser peening contactless machining characteristics that is shaped to avoid the problems such as lubricated and mould strength in the single warm working, proposed a kind of effective magnesium alloy plate New Forming Process, have important significance for theories and wide application prospect.
The present invention proposes to utilize warm Laser Peening Technology to obtain and has excellent high-temperature mechanical property and high-temperature creep resistance Mg alloy formed first, has realized that also the warm high strain rate of magnesium alloy plate is shaped.
Result for retrieval through to domestic and international all documents is found; Also do not utilize warm laser peening to make Mg alloy formed to produce the dislocation pinning effect and separate out the nanometer precipitate and hinder dislocation motion and crystal boundary slippage at present, improve the correlative study report of mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as Mg alloy formed high-temp and high-strength, high temperature and creep resistance then.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of warm high strain rate quick shaping that can realize magnesium alloy plate; Can obtain the plastic forming device and the method for Mg alloy formed of mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as having superior high-temp and high-strength and high-temperature creep resistance after being shaped simultaneously again; Overcome the warm plastic molding method of current magnesium alloy and can't improve mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as Mg alloy formed high-temp and high-strength and high-temperature creep resistance, can't guarantee deficiencies such as Mg alloy formed surface quality, shaping rate be low, a kind of warm high strain rate building mortion and method that adopts warm Laser Peening Technology to realize improving Mg alloy formed mechanical behavior under high temperature and high-temperature creep resistance is provided.
Obtain the method for Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature, the concrete grammar step is following:
(A) shape that designs die according to the shape and the forming requirements of required workpiece, the movement locus of laser impact forming, and set laser processing parameter;
(B), stick energy transfer medium at the upper surface of magnesium alloy plate with industrial alcohol wash magnesium alloy plate surface;
(C) process working chamber with optical glass material, and working chamber is placed on five workbench.
(D) die is placed in the working chamber, and has been screwed die, and magnesium alloy plate is placed on the die;
(E) with a small amount of silica gel 4 temperature sensors are close to magnesium alloy plate left side lower surface, temperature sensor, A/D converter couple together computer control system with lead; With lead microheater, electronic switch, controller and computer control system are coupled together, microheater places the magnesium alloy plate lower right surface, makes the two tight contact through anchor clamps;
(F) in working chamber, be provided with a microheater; With corresponding anchor clamps microheater is closely contacted with magnesium alloy plate, and be provided with a vacuum conductor interface changing the working chamber outer wall, all leads link to each other with the external world through this conductor interface; Again this working chamber is evacuated to vacuum; Vacuum is 0.001 ~ 0.01MPa, protective gas is charged in this working chamber finally sealed again;
(G) start computer control system; Make microheater that the temperature of magnesium alloy plate is heated to 120 ° of C ~ 150 ° C; Through 4 temperature sensors, A/D converter, electronic switch, controller, accurately control the temperature of magnesium alloy plate, make its temperature be in 120 ° of C ~ 150 ° C with computer control system;
(H) under this temperature, start laser instrument, making it send laser energy is 300mJ ~ 40J, spot diameter is that 200um ~ 4mm, pulsewidth are that 20 ~ 30ns, frequency are 8H
ZOverlapping rate is 75% laser beam affacting on the Danone conversion body through speculum; Produce the laser blast wave of high-frequency and high-voltage high strain rate; Track that magnesium alloy plate designs according to computer control system under the effect of the laser blast wave of high pressure high strain rate in advance and machined parameters carry out high speed and paste contour forming, and then obtain required workpiece;
(9) take off energy transfer medium, the sealing of opening working chamber is empty, and in working chamber, charges into protective gas, makes it be cooled to room temperature.
Wherein, the present invention has adopted 4 temperature sensors, and 4 temperature sensors displays temperature on computers are respectively T1, T2, T3, T4, and then the temperature of magnesium alloy plate is: T=(T1+T2+T3+T4)/4.
Wherein, the magnesium alloy plate temperature is heated to 120 ° of C ~ 150 ° C, described 120 ° of C ~ 150 ° C are temperature of the optimum dynamic strain aging strengthening effect of the generation of magnesium alloy plate under the laser peening effect under the laser parameter of the present invention.
Described magnesium alloy plate thickness is: 0.2mm ~ 15mm.
Described temperature laser peening shaping track moves for make repeatedly linear reciprocation circulation overlap joint contour peening along the magnesium alloy plate width.
Scribble the adiabatic material of one deck at die and magnesium alloy plate contact portion in the described step (D).
Obtain the building mortion of Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature; It has comprised microheater, working chamber, anchor clamps, laser instrument, speculum, die, computer control system, speculum, screw, five workbench, controller and conductor interfaces; Working chamber is placed on five above the work, and five workbench and computer control system couple together with lead; Die places in the working chamber, is screwed, and magnesium alloy plate places on the die; And on magnesium alloy plate, stick energy transfer medium, and microheater places the magnesium alloy plate lower right surface, and laser instrument links to each other with computer system; Conductor interface is installed in the working chamber outer wall, and good seal.It is characterized in that: apparatus of the present invention are provided with anti-oxidation device, and are provided with accurate automatic temperature-controlled module, with the temperature of accurate control magnesium alloy plate; Anti-oxidation device is the working chamber of vacuum state, and working chamber begins not to be vacuum state, with its vacuum pumping state, and charges into protective gas during work; The accurate temperature controller module is made up of 4 temperature sensors, microheater, A/D converter, computer control system, electronic switch, controller, anchor clamps, lead, conductor interfaces; Lower surface sticks 4 temperature sensors on a magnesium alloy plate left side, and temperature sensor couples together A/D converter, computer control system with lead; In working chamber, be provided with a microheater; With corresponding anchor clamps microheater is closely contacted with magnesium alloy plate; With lead microheater, electronic switch, controller and computer control system are coupled together; Described anchor clamps scribble layer of insulation material, and all leads all pass through conductor interface and link to each other the conductor interface good seal with the working chamber external equipment.
Described working chamber is made with optical glass material, and in the working chamber bottom surface and other several side outer walls scribble the film of layer of insulation material, end face applies one deck anti-reflection film, die and magnesium alloy plate contact portion scribble layer of insulation material.
The advantages such as plastic deformation ability and laser peening quick shaping that the present invention has utilized the warm processing in the warm Laser Peening Technology to improve magnesium alloy plate make heated magnesium alloy plate under thermal condition, paste contour forming at a high speed.The high-frequency and high-voltage high strain rate that utilizes the laser peening in the warm Laser Peening Technology to cause makes Mg alloy formed to produce highdensity dislocation; Utilize the warm processing of warm Laser Peening Technology, the solute atoms of having accelerated in Mg alloy formed must move, and has activated other slip coefficients of magnesium alloy plate, makes magnesium alloy plate obtain good plasticity; The dislocation that diffuses to form of solute atoms is examined; Along with solute atoms constantly migrates to dislocation nuclear place, pinning is lived dislocation, has formed the dislocation pinning effect; Effectively hindered the motion of dislocation; And high density dislocation interacts with the solute atoms that moves, and has caused separating out a large amount of nanometer precipitate disperses Mg alloy formed inside to be distributed in the crystal boundary place, and the nanometer precipitate makes microstructure more stable; And effectively hindered the motion and the crystal boundary slippage of dislocation, made Mg alloy formed of shaping back have mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as good high-temperature high strength and high-temperature creep resistance then; The present invention forms under vacuum environment and strengthen, and has effectively avoided drip molding oxidized.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
(1) the present invention has adopted warm Laser Peening Technology that magnesium alloy plate is carried out warm high strain rate Plastic Forming; Greatly improved the forming efficiency of magnesium alloy; Perfect magnesium alloy plate forming technique; Widened the application of Laser Processing, opened up laser peening and be formed in magnesium alloy plate forming technique Application for Field.
(2), make Mg alloy formed of obtaining after the shaping have mechanicals behavior under high temperature such as good high-temperature high strength and high-temperature creep resistance because of utilizing warm Laser Peening Technology.
(3) the present invention is provided with anti-oxidation device and measure, has effectively prevented Mg alloy formed oxidation and burning, has guaranteed Mg alloy formed surface quality.
(4) the present invention also is provided with accurate automatic temperature-controlled module, can accurately control the temperature of magnesium alloy plate.
(5) the present invention directly heats magnesium alloy plate, has avoided mold heated, has reduced the high temperature wear of mould, has prolonged the service life of mould.
(6) the present invention has utilized warm Laser Peening Technology, and the strain rate of generation is up to 10
6/ s, very high to the shaping rate of magnesium alloy plate, can industrialized mass.
(7) the present invention has adopted warm laser peening forming technique, only needs die to get final product, and avoids the use of large-scale complex and particular manufacturing craft.
(8) the present invention adopts and warm Laser Peening Technology, can carry out little shaping (um or inferior um magnitude) of magnesium alloy plate.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is an apparatus structure sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is temperature control module Automatic Control Theory figure in apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the 3D shape of embodiment of the invention die.
Fig. 4 is the graphics of embodiment of the invention drip molding.
Fig. 5 obtain for the present invention Mg alloy formed is at 200 ° of C, the creep curve under the 70MPa condition.
Fig. 6 is the distribution maps of 4 temperature sensors at magnesium alloy plate left side lower surface.
Among the figure, 1, laser instrument; 2, speculum; 3, working chamber; 4, energy transfer medium; 5, temperature sensor; 6, die; 7, five workbench; 8, screw; 9, magnesium alloy plate; 10, microheater; 11, electronic switch; 12, controller; 13, computer control system; 14, A/D converter; 15, anchor clamps; 16, conductor interface.
The specific embodiment
Like Fig. 1, realize having the inventive system comprises laser instrument 1, speculum 2, working chamber 3, energy transfer medium 4, temperature sensor 5, die 6, five workbench 7, screw 8, microheater 10, electronic switch 11, controller 12, computer control system 13, A/D converter 14, anchor clamps 15.Working chamber 3 is positioned at above five workbench 7; Five workbench 7 usefulness leads link to each other with computer control system 13, fix die 6 with screw 8, and magnesium alloy plate 9 is placed on the die 6 in the working chamber 3; Surface with industrial alcohol wash magnesium alloy plate 9; And on magnesium alloy plate 9, stick energy transfer medium 4, and with a small amount of silica gel 4 temperature sensors 5 being close to magnesium alloy plate 9 left lower surfaces, temperature sensor 5, A/D converter 14 usefulness leads couple together computer control system 13; Microheater 10 places magnesium alloy plate 9 lower right surface, makes the two tight contact through anchor clamps 15, with lead microheater 10, electronic switch 11, controller 12 has been coupled together with computer control system 13; Laser instrument 1 is located along the same line with speculum 2, and laser instrument 1 links to each other with computer system 13, and all leads link to each other with working chamber 3 external equipments through conductor interface 16, and conductor interface 16 is installed in working chamber 3 outer walls, and good seal.
The detailed process of implementing is following:
(1) shape that designs die 6 according to the shape and the forming requirements of required workpiece, the movement locus and the laser processing parameter of laser impact forming, the movement locus of laser impact forming is for moving along magnesium alloy plate width linear reciprocation overlap joint contour peening.
(2) with the surface of industrial alcohol wash magnesium alloy plate 9; And stick energy transfer medium 4 at the upper surface of magnesium alloy plate 9; Make working chamber 3 with the optics glass, working chamber 3 is placed on five workbench 7.System's 13 controls of computerizeing control of five workbench 7; Die 6 is placed in the working chamber 3, fixes die 6, and magnesium alloy plate 9 is placed on the die 6 with screw 8; With a small amount of silica gel 4 temperature sensors 5 are close to magnesium alloy plate 9 left lower surfaces, temperature sensor 5, A/D converter 14 usefulness leads are connected with computer control system 13; With lead microheater 10, electronic switch 11, controller 12 and computer control system 13 are coupled together; Microheater 10 places magnesium alloy plate 9 lower right surface; Make the two tight contact through anchor clamps 15; With lead microheater 10, electronic switch 11, controller 12 have been coupled together with computer control system 13, all leads link to each other with working chamber 3 external equipments through conductor interface 16; Adjust the angle of speculum 2, make the laser beam vertical irradiation on magnesium alloy plate 9, laser instrument 1 links to each other with computer control system 13.Again this working chamber 3 is evacuated to vacuum, vacuum is 0.001 ~ 0.01MPa, protective gas is charged in this working chamber 3 finally sealed again.
(3) start computer control system 13; Make microheater 10 that the temperature of magnesium alloy plate 9 is heated to 120 ~ 150 ° of C; Accurately control the temperature of magnesium alloy plate 9 through these 4 temperature sensors 5, A/D converter and computer control system 13; 4 temperature sensors 5 effect through A/D converter temperature displayed on computers is respectively T1, T2, T3, T4, and then the magnesium alloy plate temperature is: T=(T1+T2+T3+T4)/4; Under this temperature, start laser instrument 1, making it send laser energy is that 300mJ ~ 40J, spot diameter are that 200um ~ 4mm, pulsewidth are that 20 ~ 30ns, frequency are 8H
Z, the hot spot overlapping rate is 75% laser beam affacting on the energy transfer medium 4 through speculum 2; Produce the laser blast wave of high-frequency and high-voltage; The track that magnesium alloy plate 9 designs according to computer control system 13 under the effect of the laser blast wave of high pressure high strain rate in advance carries out high speed and pastes die 6 shapings, and then obtains required workpiece.
(4) take off energy transfer medium 4, open the seal of working chamber 3, and in working chamber 3, charge into protective gas N
2, make it be cooled to room temperature.
Embodiment
With the AZ91D magnesium alloy as warm laser peening forming experiment
1, material is prepared
The experiment material therefor is the AZ91D magnesium alloy cast sheet material that Shanxi exquisite alloy Co., Ltd provides; Specimen size is that 5mm is thick, the rectangle of 100mm * 120mm; Its chemical composition is as shown in table 1; Experiment material is carried out homogenizing annealing handle, annealing temperature is 230 ° of C, cools off with stove behind the insulation 1h.
Table 1 experiment is with AZ91D magnesium alloy plate chemical element component list (%, mass fraction)
| Al | Zn | Mn | Cu | Fe | Ni | Si | Impurity | Mg |
| 9.1 | 0.53 | 0.20 | ＜0.025 | ＜0.0004 | ＜0.001 | ＜0.05 | 0.01 | Surplus |
2, forming process
(1) shape that designs die 6 according to the shape and the forming requirements of drip molding shown in Figure 5, the movement locus and the laser processing parameter of laser impact forming; Wherein, Laser peening shaping track moves for make repeatedly linear reciprocation circulation overlap joint contour peening along the width of magnesium alloy plate 9, and the die shape is as shown in Figure 3.
(2) with the surface of this magnesium alloy plate 9 of industrial alcohol wash; And stick energy transfer medium 4 at the upper surface of magnesium alloy plate 9.
(3) working chamber 3 is placed on five workbench 7.System's 13 controls of computerizeing control of five workbench 7; Die 6 is placed in the working chamber 3, fixes die 6, and magnesium alloy plate 9 is placed on the die 6 with screw 8; With a small amount of silica gel 4 temperature sensors 5 are close to magnesium alloy plate 9 left lower surfaces, temperature sensor 5, A/D converter 14 usefulness leads are connected with computer control system 13; With lead microheater 10, electronic switch 11, controller 12 and computer control system 13 are coupled together; Microheater 10 places magnesium alloy plate 9 lower right surface; Make the two tight contact through anchor clamps 15; With lead microheater 10, electronic switch 11, controller 12 have been coupled together with computer control system 13, all leads link to each other with working chamber 3 external equipments through conductor interface 16; Adjust the angle of speculum 2, make the laser beam vertical irradiation on magnesium alloy plate 9, laser instrument 1 links to each other with computer control system 13.
(4) this working chamber 3 is evacuated to vacuum, vacuum is 0.001 ~ 0.01MPa, protective gas is charged in this working chamber 3 finally sealed again.Start computer control system 13; Make microheater 10 that the temperature of magnesium alloy plate 9 is heated to 150 ° of C; Accurately control the temperature of magnesium alloy plate 9 through 4 temperature sensors 5, A/D converter and computer control system 13; 4 temperature sensors 5 through A/D converter on computers temperature displayed be respectively: T1=1149.5 ° of C, T2=149.5 ° C, T3=150 ° C, T4=151 ° C; Magnesium alloy plate temperature T=(T1+T2+T3+T4)/4=150 ° C then, the effect through the accurate temperature controller module is in about 150 ° of C magnesium alloy plate 9; Under this temperature, start laser instrument 1, making it send laser energy is that 30J, spot diameter are that 2mm, pulsewidth are that 25ns, frequency are 8H
Z, the hot spot overlapping rate is 75% laser beam affacting on the energy transfer medium 4 through speculum 2; Produce the laser blast wave of high-frequency and high-voltage; The track that magnesium alloy plate 9 designs according to computer control system 13 under the effect of the laser blast wave of high pressure high strain rate in advance carries out high speed and pastes die 6 shapings; And then obtain required workpiece.Forming results is seen Fig. 5.
(5) take off energy transfer medium 4, open the seal of working chamber 3, and in working chamber 3, charge into protective gas N
2, make it be cooled to room temperature.
3, follow-up measurement.
(1) mechanical behavior under high temperature of utilizing the present invention to obtain Mg alloy formed is seen table 2.
With three parameters such as intensity, maximum residual stress and hardness Mg alloy formed hot properties is described under different temperatures.Hardness with Mg alloy formed top layer under different temperatures of HV-1000 type microhardness appearance test; Measure Mg alloy formed the residual stress under different temperatures with X-350A type X-ray diffractometer; The experiment of singly drawing of doing different temperatures comes measured intensity.
From table 2, can see, Mg alloy formed that utilizes that the present invention obtains when 60 ° of C, its intensity, maximum crushing stress and hardness etc. almost are constant; When 100 ° of C, intensity has descended 4%, and maximum residual stress has descended 3.5%, decrease of hardness 5%; When 200 ° of C, intensity has descended 7%, and maximum residual stress has descended about 6%, decrease of hardness about 8%; When 250 ° of C, intensity has descended 12%, and maximum residual stress has descended about 11%, decrease of hardness about 13%; When 300 ° of C, intensity has descended about 17%, and maximum residual stress has descended about 15%, decrease of hardness about 18%.
The service temperature current according to magnesium alloy; It is in the majority mainly to concentrate on 100 ~ 300 ° of C; And utilize that the present invention obtains Mg alloy formedly in this service temperature scope, have a good high-temperature mechanical property; When 300 ° of C, its yield strength still can reach 269.75MPa, MAX DES ability about 17%.
The drip molding mechanical behavior under high temperature that table 2 the present invention obtains
(2) high-temperature creep resistance that utilizes the present invention to obtain drip molding is seen Fig. 5 and table 3.
Test Mg alloy formed the high-temperature creep resistance that utilizes the present invention to obtain with the electronic universal creep testing machine.Mg alloy formed experimentizes under the 70MPa condition at 200 ° of C, and the testing time is 500h.Can see that from Fig. 6 Mg alloy formed that utilizes the present invention to obtain has tangible secondary creep characteristic, do not occur the creep phase III in the time at 500h.Test result is: in the creep test process of 500h, all do not rupture; Through behind the 500h, Mg alloy formed total creep percentage elongation is 2.12%, and steady state creep speed is 3.51 * 10
-8/ s.
Mg alloy formed of table 3 is at 200 ° of C, steady state creep speed under the 70MPa condition and total creep percentage elongation
| Alloys | ε/(10 -8s -1) | ε t/ % |
| AZ91D | 3.51 | 2.12% |
Claims (7)
1. obtain the method for Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature, it is characterized in that concrete steps are following:
(A) shape of confirming die according to the shape and the forming requirements of required workpiece, the movement locus of laser impact forming, and set laser processing parameter;
(B), stick energy transfer medium at the upper surface of magnesium alloy plate with industrial alcohol wash magnesium alloy plate surface;
(C) will place with the working chamber that optical glass material is processed on five workbench;
(D) die is placed in the working chamber, and has been screwed die, and magnesium alloy plate is placed on the die;
(E) with silica gel 4 temperature sensors are close to magnesium alloy plate left side lower surface, microheater places the magnesium alloy plate lower right surface, makes the two tight contact through anchor clamps;
(F) be provided with a vacuum conductor interface changing the working chamber outer wall, all leads link to each other with the external world through this conductor interface, again this working chamber are evacuated to vacuum, and vacuum is 0.001 ~ 0.01MPa, protective gas is charged in this working chamber finally sealed again;
(G) start computer control system, make microheater that the temperature of magnesium alloy plate is heated to 120 ° of C ~ 150 ° C;
(H) under this temperature, start laser instrument, making it send laser energy is 300mJ ~ 40J, spot diameter is that 200um ~ 4mm, pulsewidth are that 20 ~ 30ns, frequency are 8H
ZOverlapping rate is 75% laser beam affacting on the Danone conversion body through speculum; Produce the laser blast wave of high-frequency and high-voltage high strain rate, magnesium alloy plate carries out high speed and pastes contour forming under the effect of the laser blast wave of high pressure high strain rate, and then obtains required workpiece;
(I) take off energy transfer medium, the sealing of opening working chamber is empty, and in working chamber, charges into protective gas, makes it be cooled to room temperature.
2. the method for obtaining Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the displays temperature of said 4 temperature sensors is respectively T1, T2, T3, T4, and the temperature of magnesium alloy plate is: T=(T1+T2+T3+T4)/4.
3. the method for obtaining Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described magnesium alloy plate thickness is 0.2mm ~ 15mm.
4. the method for obtaining Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described temperature laser peening shaping track moves for make repeatedly linear reciprocation circulation overlap joint contour peening along the magnesium alloy plate width.
5. the method for obtaining Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, scribbles layer of insulation material at die and magnesium alloy plate contact portion in the said step (D).
6. obtain the device of Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature; It is characterized in that, comprised laser instrument (1), speculum (2), working chamber (3), energy transfer medium (4), temperature sensor (5), die (6), five workbench (7), screw (8), microheater (10), electronic switch (11), controller (12), computer control system (13), A/D converter (14), anchor clamps (15); Working chamber (3) is positioned at above five workbench (7), and five workbench (7) link to each other with computer control system (13) with lead, fix die (6) with screw (8), and magnesium alloy plate (9) is placed on the die (6) in the working chamber (3); 4 temperature sensors (5) are connected with computer control system (13) through lead with A/D converter (14); Microheater (10), electronic switch (11), controller (12) are connected through lead with computer control system (13) successively, through anchor clamps (15) microheater (10) are abutted against with magnesium alloy plate (9); Laser instrument (1) is located along the same line with speculum (2); Laser points to five workbench (7) through speculum (2) reflection; Laser instrument (1) links to each other with computer system (13); All leads in the working chamber (3) link to each other with working chamber (3) external equipment through conductor interface (16), and conductor interface (16) is installed in working chamber (3) outer wall, and sealing.
7. the device that obtains Mg alloy formed of superior mechanical behavior under high temperature as claimed in claim 7; It is characterized in that; Said working chamber (9) is made with optical glass material; And in working chamber (3) bottom surface and the side outer wall scribble the film of layer of insulation material, end face applies one deck anti-reflection film.
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