CN102513329B - Harmless treatment method for urban garbage incineration fly ash - Google Patents
Harmless treatment method for urban garbage incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a harmless treatment method for urban garbage incineration fly ash. Due to the adoption of a treatment system and a method disclosed by the invention, heavy metals in incineration fly ash can be effectively stabilized and dioxin can be degraded; the leaching toxicity of heavy metals is fully accordant with the national standard; the toxicity of dioxin is removed by 99.9 percent; and meanwhile, the chloride ions in fly ash can be effectively removed, salt substances are recovered, and zero discharge of waste liquids is ensured. A process and the method have the remarkable characteristics of energy saving, environmental friendliness, remarkable economic benefit and remarkable social benefit; and meanwhile, the treated fly ash has novel physicochemical properties, can be applied to the industries of environmental protection, construction and the like, and has application and popularization values.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of the innoxious and recycling of solid waste, relate in particular to a kind of city garbage burning flying ash harmless disposal method.
Background technology
The flying dust that produces in the burning city domestic garbage process has restricted its recycling because of the heavy metal that contains high concentration and the solubility salt material of dioxin and high-load, if directly there is potential secondary pollution in landfill.According to clearly stipulating in " consumer waste filling and embedding pollutes control criterion GB16889-2008 ": " domestic garbage incineration flyash moisture content efficient is lower than corresponding standard value less than the leaching toxicity that 30% ， bioxin content is lower than 3 ug TEQ/Kg and heavy metal ".The flying dust amount that produces after the waste incineration is generally 1% ~ 5% of original rubbish gross mass, if add the pharmaceutical quantities such as calcium hydroxide that add in gas cleaning processing and the waste incineration process, the flying dust total amount then accounts for 3 ~ 7% of former quantity of refuse.Such as, national consumer waste incineration total amount was 74 in 2008, and the domestic garbage was harmlessly treated amount is 13392.50 ten thousand tons, and wherein burning amount is 1569.74 ten thousand tons, and therefore, the annual flying ash that produces is about ten thousand tons of 47-110; And the present flying dust treatment technology of China and management are all more backward.This shows that incineration of refuse flyash is disposed and is faced with huge environment challenge.
At present, both at home and abroad the harmlessness disposing fly ash from burning city domestic garbage is mainly based on curing technology, and sample two class curing agent are adopted in the curing of incineration of refuse flyash usually: and inorganic additive (such as cement or volcanic ash), organic additive (such as: thermoplastic).Above-mentioned solidification effect is poor, and the heavy metal in the flying dust is not with bioxin has substantive the solution, to landfill yard surrounding environment potential risk.In the landfill disposal of long period, the heavy metal in the flying dust He bioxin again diafiltration in environment, cause for the second time and pollute; And curing back volume obviously increases and China's preciousness, rare land resources preciousness contradict.
Because of the heavy metal of high-load in the fly ash from burning city domestic garbage with the bioxin physicochemical characteristic is widely different, increased the difficulty of both toxicity of Synergistic degradation, and corresponding successful Application case is less, and big, single, the characteristics such as efficient is low, versatility difference of reduction toxicity of ubiquity energy consumption in the research method.As, high-temperature fusion is handled the method for flying dust, De bioxin in the flying dust of degrading effectively, but poisonous heavy metal evaporates easily, and the energy consumption height, treating capacity is little.
Some environment specialists appeal also should try to explore to study, develop other safe and harmlessization of flying dust disposal technology, technology, equipment and facility in the higher hazardous waste security landfill field of construction cost.Although the Chinese government has taked many measures to strengthen the management of urban life flying ash and disposing task, intervention level is low, the equipment manufacture level falls behind, management system still has problems such as omission but still exist at present, but the Persistent Management that is unfavorable for flying ash also is difficult to satisfy the demand of Chinese city sustainable development.Therefore, how to advance innoxious, the recycling treatment of domestic waste, solving Hazardous Wastes Management such as flying dust and handling problems has conscientiously become the current problem that must face of China.
Summary of the invention
To the objective of the invention is the problems such as the innoxious weak effect of domestic and international ubiquitous flying dust, usage range are narrow, cost height in order overcoming at present, a kind of city garbage burning flying ash harmless disposal method to be provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of city garbage burning flying ash harmless disposal method is characterized in that this method comprises following steps:
(1) washing preliminary treatment: incineration of refuse flyash is with after running water mixes with the ratio of mass volume ratio (g/ml) 1:4-1:10, through brute force stirring formation mortar;
(2) Separation of Solid and Liquid: the mortar that obtains in the step (1) is passed through precipitation, utilize grid to isolate supernatant and pretreated flying dust;
(3) pyroreaction still reaction: through Separation of Solid and Liquid, pretreated flying dust and configuration liquid mix in mass volume ratio (g/ml) 1:4-1:10 ratio, configuration liquid is that concentration is 0.5-2mol/L NaOH solution, mixed liquor was packed in the reactor, 150-375 ℃ of following hydro-thermal harmlessness disposing 5-10 hour;
(4) backwater circulation utilization: the mortar after treated carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid again, and the flying dust after the solid-state hydro-thermal reaction carries out resource and utilizes again, and the liquid state of separating can enter in the configuration liquid as the backwater circulation utilization;
(5) supernatant is handled: the supernatant that separates in the step (2) is because of containing heavy metal, utilize the reaction in the step (4) after flying dust adsorb, remove heavy metal wherein, realize washing the harmless treatment of supernatant, get the mixing mortar;
(6) salt reclaims: the mixing mortar in the step (5) is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid, and liquid evaporates, and realize the recovery of salts substances, and solid flying dust residue carries out recycling.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention has the diverse noxious material of several physicochemical characteristics of associated treatment, reduces toxicity simultaneously and effect is obvious;
With respect to other processing methods, technology of the present invention has the remarkable advantage of the solubility salt material of working in coordination with the bioxin, heavy metal and the high-load that solve the city garbage burning flying ash middle and high concentration.That is: through flying dust washing preliminary treatment, solve high chloride problem in the flying dust effectively, make the finished product flying dust more be conducive to the resource allocation utilization; And the content of the flying dust ， bioxin after high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle is handled has reduced by 99.9%, and the leaching concentration of each heavy metal is lower than magnitude of standard GB 16889-2008 regulation.
2, technology of the present invention have efficiently, characteristics such as energy-saving and environmental protection;
Incineration of refuse flyash not only has the flying dust of removing height and contains the salt material after the washing preliminary treatment, the more important thing is the treating capacity that can obviously reduce the flying dust of reactor.This is because incineration of refuse flyash resolvability salts substances content generally surpasses 30%, and so obvious quickening flying dust harmless treatment efficient has reduced the energy consumption of reactor simultaneously; Through the reacted backwater circulation utilization of reactor, not only saved water resource, the backwater circulation utilization of high pH value simultaneously reduces the dosing of NaOH effectively; Simultaneously, this invented technology utilize to be handled the characteristic of the absorption heavy metal of back flying dust, is applied to adsorb the supernatant after the washing, makes the zero-emission of waste water and the recovery of salts substances.
3, technology of the present invention has characteristics such as cost is low, enforcement is simple;
Technology of the present invention mainly is made up of reactor and equipment for separating liquid from solid, and equipment for separating liquid from solid can utilize the flying dust physical characteristic, can realize the simple physical partition method, and namely the mixture of first flying dust and water precipitates, and realizes Separation of Solid and Liquid with grid again.
4, the flying dust material is good after the harmless treatment;
Flying dust after the harmless treatment can not only use building trade, simultaneously, handles the back flying dust owing to have the zeolite characteristic, so can be applied to environmental protection industry (epi) and other relevant industries, the scope of application is quite extensive;
Utilize the present invention can the harmless treatment incineration of refuse flyash, have characteristics such as sustainable flying dust recycling; Meet China " 12 " planning guiding, have good economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit.
Description of drawings
The comparison diagram of the original flying dust of Fig. 1 and processing back flying dust De bioxin content;
Fig. 2 is incineration of refuse flyash innocuity disposal system process chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The SiO that the present invention utilizes incineration of refuse flyash itself to be rich in
2, Al
2O
3Oxide promotes Si under alkalescence and HTHP water environment
4+, Al
3+Dissolving finally forms zeolite-like materials such as aluminium silicate salt and comes the stabilisation heavy metal.Synthetic back zeolite-like materials has modes such as absorption, ion-exchange, physics parcel, precipitation to the heavy metal in the flying dust, finally form the heavy metal of the silicate form of high stable.Simultaneously, synthetic zeolite-like materials has adsorption effect to the heavy metal in the waste liquid, thus the heavy metal in can disposing waste liquid, and therefore, the flying dust after the harmlessness disposing can be applied to environmental protection industry (epi).And the principle that removes organic matter materials such as bioxin mainly is to utilize under the water high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, improve organic solubility in water such as bioxin, water has strong oxidizing property under HTHP simultaneously, characteristics such as strong reactivity, and these characteristics are conducive to the degraded of bioxin.
The invention provides a kind of city garbage burning flying ash harmless disposal method, comprise following steps:
(1) washing preliminary treatment: incineration of refuse flyash is with after running water mixes with the ratio of mass volume ratio (g/ml) 1:4-15, through brute force stirring formation mortar;
This step mainly is to remove the flying dust height to contain the salt material, is unfavorable for Pb and the Zn heavy metal of heavy metal stabilization, particularly high-load under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions because of the salts substances of high-load; Improve to handle flying dust efficient simultaneously, this is because incineration of refuse flyash resolvability salts substances content generally surpasses 30%, and so obvious quickening flying dust harmless treatment efficient has reduced the energy consumption of reactor simultaneously.
(2) Separation of Solid and Liquid: after 5-10 minute, utilize grid to isolate supernatant and the pretreated flying dust of washing the mortar that obtains in the step (1) precipitation;
This step is utilized the flying dust physical characteristic, can realize the simple physical partition method, and the mortar after namely earlier step (1) being stirred precipitates, and realizes Separation of Solid and Liquid with grid again.Here do not recommend to adopt expensive filtering equipment or vacuum filtration equipment, but utilize the physical characteristic of flying dust, mortar is precipitated earlier, again with grid with flying dust and supernatant isolation technics, so very big saving equipment cost and the device space.
(3) high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle reaction: after Separation of Solid and Liquid, the flying dust that step (2) is separated and configuration liquid are packed into by mass volume ratio (g/ml) 1:4-10 and are carried out the HTHP harmless treatment in the reactor, wherein disposing liquid is that concentration is the NaOH solution of 0.5-2mol/L, carries out the hydro-thermal harmlessness disposing 5-10 hour at 150-375 ℃.
This step is the flying dust after the pretreated Separation of Solid and Liquid of washing in step (1) and (2) to be added alkalescence configuration liquid react in high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle, be conducive to improve treatment effeciency and stabilisation heavy metal, but high solid-liquid is bonded on the wall of reactor than causing reacting the back lime-ash easily, the concentration of configuration liquid is mainly decided according to the alkalescence of original flying dust, and flying dust and configuration liquid mix back pH value and is recommended as 12; Reaction temperature and reaction time are mainly according to SiO in the incineration of refuse flyash
2And Al
2O
3Content and decide.
(4) backwater circulation utilization: the mortar after step (3) is handled carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid again, and the flying dust after the separation carries out resource and utilizes again, and the liquid that separates can enter in the configuration liquid as the backwater circulation utilization;
This step is carried out the backwater circulation utilization with the reacted water of step (3) reactor, has not only saved water resource, and the backwater circulation utilization of high pH value simultaneously reduces the dosing of NaOH effectively; And reacted flying dust contains zeolite-like materials heavy metal in the industrial wastes is had good adsorption properties, and absorption reaches capacity 75.2 meq/100g, and acid-fast alkali-proof also has high hot temperature, therefore can be used for environmental protection industry (epi).
(5) supernatant is handled: the supernatant in the step (2) is because of containing heavy metal, utilizes the flying dust after the separation in the step (4) to adsorb, and removes heavy metal wherein, realizes washing the harmless treatment of supernatant, gets the mixing mortar;
(6) salt reclaims: the mixing mortar in the step (5) is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid, and liquid evaporates, and realizes the recovery of salts substances, and the flying dust after separating carries out recycling.
Utilize the present invention can produce following benefit:
1, the stabilisation of the heavy metal in the flying dust is with the degraded of bioxin;
2, the solubilized salts substances removing and reclaiming;
3, backwater recycling and do not produce waste water;
4, flying dust is best in quality, has wide range of applications.
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with concrete drawings and Examples.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 2 is city garbage burning flying ash harmlessness disposing flow process of the present invention.Flying ash is collected in the sack cleaner of the flue gas purification system of burning city domestic garbage factory.At first wash preliminary treatment to collecting flying dust earlier according to flow chart, its method is as follows: according to flow chart is existing flying dust and running water are mixed with the ratio of 1:10, mix the back and stirred 20 minutes with powerful paddle, impel solubility salt material fully to dissolve.After washing, the solid-state lime-ash of collection is original flying dust weight about 70%.After the flying dust preliminary treatment, the chlorinity of original flying dust is down to 0.032% by 3.85% after washing, and is lower than 0.06% requirement that contains the chlorinity regulation in " general purpose portland cement " product standard.
Mortar with washing carries out solid-liquid separation step again, for saving space and cost, and can washing pool and Separation of Solid and Liquid is integrated.Here do not recommend to adopt expensive filtering equipment or vacuum filtration equipment, but utilize the physical characteristic of flying dust, mortar is precipitated earlier, again with grid with flying dust and supernatant isolation technics.
Washing back mortar is after Separation of Solid and Liquid, and the gained lime-ash is that 1:4 mixes with 0.5mol/L NaOH configuration liquid by solid-to-liquid ratio, and dispose liquid here and mainly adopt alkaline reagent, as NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3.Here recommend use NaOH reagent, this is because NaOH is more obvious than both reagent effects of back, adds NaOH reagent and has the degraded of promotion bioxin and the static stabilization of heavy metal.The temperature of reactor is controlled to be 250 ℃, and the reaction time is controlled to be 12 hours and carries out the hydro-thermal method harmlessness disposing.
Mortar passes through Separation of Solid and Liquid after the hydro-thermal reaction, reaction back liquid is recycling as configuration liquid, and the pH of configuration liquid is 12.86 before the reaction, and reacted backwater pH is 11.27, capacity also has corresponding minimizing, therefore disposes liquid after the circulation several times and need add some running water and NaOH reagent again.
Table 1: heavy metal leaches toxicity data
And the flying dust after the hydro-thermal reaction has been innoxious.Table 1 is that the heavy metal of flying dust after original flying dust and the harmless treatment leaches the toxicity contrast.The heavy metal leaching method is with reference to national standard HJ/T300, and landfill concentration limit value is with reference to GB 16889-2008.Flying dust Zhong bioxin content adopts the test of U.S. EPA 1613 methods, represents that as Fig. 1 the toxic equivalent of original flying dust is 3890 ng TEQ/kg, and the toxic equivalent of flying dust is 9.5 ng TEQ/kg after the hydrothermal treatment consists, and degradation efficiency is 99.9%.Flying dust after the processing has the characteristic of zeolite, specific area is increased to disposal back flying dust 47.6 m2/g by 3.2 m2/g of original flying dust, adsorption capacity rises to 75.2 meq/100g by 9.5 meq/100g of original flying dust, so the flying dust of harmless treatment can be applied to wash supernatant processing and other environmental protection industry (epi)s.
The washing supernatant passes through, have zeolite adsorption heavy metal characteristic after the hydro-thermal reaction, the flying dust after the part hydro-thermal method is handled is used for being adsorbed on washing supernatant heavy metal, passes through equipment for separating liquid from solid again, liquid reaches salt by evaporimeter and reclaims, and absorption back flying dust is used for recycling.
Embodiment 2
The bag-type dust flying dust of embodiment 1 gained carries out the washing preliminary treatment with operating mode as embodiment 1 earlier, washes the back flying dust with water and mixes with 1:10 with configuration liquid, and the NaOH concentration of configuration liquid is 1mol/L, and the temperature of reaction is 300 ℃, and the reaction time is 10 hours.After harmlessness disposing, pH value is down to 12.49 by 13.7 of original configuration liquid, and it is 99.99% that the heavy metal leachate of flying dust all is lower than national standard ， bioxin degradation rate, and the specific area of the flying dust after the processing is 36.3 m
2/ g, adsorption capacity is 73.5 meq/100g.
Embodiment 3
The bag-type dust flying dust of embodiment 1 gained carries out the washing preliminary treatment with operating mode as embodiment 1 earlier, washes the back flying dust with water and mixes with 1:10 with configuration liquid, and the NaOH concentration of configuration liquid is 1mol/L, and the temperature of reaction is 150 ℃, and the reaction time is 12 hours.After harmlessness disposing, pH value is down to 12.95 by 13.7 of original configuration liquid, and it is 40.6% that the heavy metal leachate of flying dust all is lower than national standard ， bioxin degradation rate, and the specific area of the flying dust after the processing is 50.2 m
2/ g, adsorption capacity is 85.2 meq/100g.
Above-described embodiment is used for the present invention that explains, rather than limits the invention, and in the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any modification and change to the present invention makes all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a city garbage burning flying ash harmless disposal method is characterized in that, this method comprises following steps:
(1) washing preliminary treatment: incineration of refuse flyash is with after running water mixes with the ratio of mass volume ratio (g/ml) 1:4-1:10, through brute force stirring formation mortar;
(2) Separation of Solid and Liquid: the mortar that obtains in the step (1) is passed through precipitation, utilize grid to isolate supernatant and pretreated flying dust;
(3) pyroreaction still reaction: through Separation of Solid and Liquid, pretreated flying dust and configuration liquid mix in mass volume ratio (g/ml) 1:4-1:10 ratio, configuration liquid is that concentration is 0.5-2mol/L NaOH solution, mixed liquor was packed in the reactor, 150-375 ℃ of following hydro-thermal harmlessness disposing 5-10 hour;
(4) backwater circulation utilization: the mortar after treated carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid again, and the flying dust after the solid-state hydro-thermal reaction carries out resource and utilizes again, and the liquid state of separating can enter in the configuration liquid as the backwater circulation utilization;
(5) supernatant is handled: the supernatant that separates in the step (2) is because of containing heavy metal, utilize the reaction in the step (4) after flying dust adsorb, remove heavy metal wherein, realize washing the harmless treatment of supernatant, get the mixing mortar;
(6) salt reclaims: the mixing mortar in the step (5) is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid, and liquid evaporates, and realize the recovery of salts substances, and solid flying dust residue carries out recycling.
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