The characteristics of this invention are the proteolytic enzymes of the high concentration of disposable adding single variety, under the reaction condition of control, make the range protein in the poultry body obtain hydrolysis at different operation stages.Not only make protein and other nutrition of containing in the poultry obtain recovery, and make protein and nutrients in poultry muscle, the bone tissue can access recovery.The protein recovery of chicken is more than 93% in the craft embodiment of the present invention.Through the catalyzing hydrolysis of proteolytic enzyme, poultry protein has experienced the predigestion process one time, so hydrolysis substance is nutritious, the very easy utilization that is absorbed by the body.
The process of this invention is as follows:
One, raw material and size degradation thereof
Poultry through butcher bloodletting, scald that water loses hair or feathers, gills, edible part integral body after the foreign material, or the various products after decomposing processing, comprise products such as head, pin, neck, wing, bone, meet raw-food material specification person, all can be used as and process raw material, raw material is used the meat grinder size degradation, or is cut into the granule of diameter below 0.5 centimetre with cutter through cleaning.The purpose of size degradation is infiltration and the effect that helps proteolytic enzyme, improves reaction speed.
Two, proteolytic enzyme and poultry proteolysis process
1. proteolytic enzyme adopts the SC-450 type.This is a kind of standardized papain product
*, consumption is 0.2~1.2% of a poultry raw material weight.Amount of water is the heavy 0-20% of raw material before the raw material hydrolysis, and this water yield is with deionized water or distilled water, dissolve in proteolytic enzyme after, pour in the raw material together.When being zero, then directly the proteolytic enzyme powder being poured in the raw material and mixed thoroughly as amount of water.
2. hydrolytic process and condition thereof
1. preparatory stage before the raw material hydrolysis: the raw material particle is put into hydrolyzer, stir gradually under its natural pH value condition and heat up, the control material temperature is below 65 ℃, and keeps constant temperature.
* SC-450 type proteolytic enzyme newly joins papain factory product by the heart country fair of suburbs, Nanning
2. " gentle reaction " stage: add proteolytic enzyme when raw material reaches constant temperature, promptly enter " gentle reaction " stage.Stir so that reaction is even.Reaction begins promptly should clock and write down height of materials in the reaction pot, will keep slowly stirring and replenishing the moisture content that evaporates when reaction, and the reaction time is 2.5-4 hour.In this stage, myosinogen in the raw material and part scleroprotein obtain hydrolysis, and the skin of poultry, meat and part muscles and bones are disintegrated, and form dense thick hydrolyzate, but also have many muscle and bone to fail to decompose.
3. " react rapidly " stage: and then " gentle reaction " stage, reactant further was warming up to boiling gradually in 30 minutes, and keeps boiling 10 minutes.In this stage, the protein in a large amount of muscle and the bone obtains hydrolysis, and so far hydrolytic process finishes.Papain is lost activity.
3. the processing of hydrolyzate
1. still can contain some remaining bone slag and fibrous residues in the hydrolyzate, available filter screen leaches while hot.
2. the hydrolyzate that leaches is denseer thick, and solid content reaches about 30%, and protein content is about 15%, can be directly used in the preparation of nutraceutical.
3. the hydrolyzate that leaches can be told concentrate drying behind the fat of upper strata, obtains fowl oil and fowl protolysate.Also direct concentrate drying obtains containing the poultry hydrolysate of full nutrition.
Conventional enzymatic hydrolysis all will add the water of one times of amount in being hydrolyzed thing, enzyme concentration when this has not only reduced reaction, and the hydrolysate water content is increased, corresponding scale that has increased equipment and the energy consumption when dry, and the water yield that this invention is added is the 0-20% that is hydrolyzed thing, utilize the distinctive moisture content of poultry raw material itself to satisfy the hydrolysis requirement, the concentration ratio traditional handicraft of proteolytic enzyme is more than doubled, under such concentration, proteolytic enzyme can be with higher speed to the organization internal infiltration that is hydrolyzed thing, thereby make most protein obtain hydrolysis and be discharged in the hydrolyzate, the rate of recovery of protein and other nutritional labeling is greatly improved.The technical characterstic of this invention is not only to have accelerated reaction speed, and has reduced the volume of hydrolyzate, can reduce the investment and the energy consumption of equipment.
This invention another characteristics technically are clearly hydrolytic process to be divided into " gentle reaction " stage and " reaction rapidly " stage.Hydrolytic process not only takes place, and the process of the proteolytic enzyme of high concentration to poultry organization's internal penetration arranged in " gentle reaction " stage." the rapid stage of reaction; along with the slow rising of temperature; the catalytic reaction ability of proteolytic enzyme can be multiplied; can see the variation of hydrolysis material significantly; though traditional enzymatic hydrolysis also needs raise temperature after hydrolysis; its purpose mainly is for enzyme and sterilization extremely, rather than as the hydrolytic process that control is arranged.
This invention technology has characteristics such as simple, effective, energy-conservation, and it is changeable that it produces scale, and the equipment of use is very simple, has both adapted to the production of large-scale bird processing factory, also can adapt to the production of small towns and individual enterprise, has the characteristics of small investment, instant effect.
The poultry nutrition hydrolysate have the protein quality height, nutritious comprehensively, absorb easily, characteristics such as local flavor is strong.Be suitable for preparing nutraceutical and health food, also be suitable for preparing soup stock and flavouring etc.
This invention technology not only hydrolysis has been produced the protein in the poultry meat, also the protein in the poultry muscles and bones has been produced in hydrolysis, make them be transformed into the hydrolysate that people are edible easily and absorb, improved the utilization rate of poultry, this is significant for the trophic level that improves people.Utilize a large amount of low-value by-products that produce in the poultry processing, as head, neck, bone, pin etc., produce protein hydrolysate with this technology, its economic worth also is improved.
Example one
Four of meat chickens through slaughtering depilation, are removed internal organ foreign material afterwash, 5.8 kilograms of net weight.Be twisted into granule as hydrolysis material with its stripping and slicing and with meat grinder, this raw material contains protein 17.0% by analysis, and fat 14.9% moves into hydrolyzer to raw material, and control set for adjusting makes temperature remain on 60 ℃.Take by weighing the SC-450 type, proteolytic enzyme 46.4 grams (raw material weight 0.8%), call in 506 ml distilled waters by this product specification requirement, and pour in the hydrolyzer and stir with raw material, record reacts the time started and stirred once every 10 minutes, notes at any time replenishing the moisture content that evaporates in the hydrolyzer with distilled water, and hydrolysis is after 150 minutes, most of chicken grain all decomposes, but still has a large amount of fibrous materials and broken bone still undecomposed.At this moment change " reaction rapidly " stage over to by " gentle reaction " stage, hydrolysate is heated up under continuous stirring, after 30 minutes, rise to boiling, and keep boiling 10 minutes.So far hydrolytic process finishes, and most of fibrous material and broken bone resolve into hydrolysate.Hydrolyzate obtains 5.9 kilograms of filtrates after the individual layer filtered through gauze, leach residue 64 grams (weight in wet base).Filtrate in 65 ℃ of dryings, obtains 21 kilograms of full chicken nutrition hydrolysates through vacuum drier.The protein content of this hydrolysate is 45.6% by analysis, and the content of fat is 39.1%, and the protein recovery of full technology is 97.1%.
Example two
5 kilograms of chicken spinal joints are twisted into diameter particle below 0.5 centimetre as hydrolysis material, and this raw material contains protein 16.5% by analysis, and fat 13.5% is put into hydrolyzer to raw material, transfer thermostatic control to make temperature remain on 60 ℃.Take by weighing SC-450 type proteolytic enzyme 50 grams (raw material weight 1%), by specification requires to call in 1000 ml distilled waters and pour in the hydrolyzer to stir with raw material, record reacts the time started and stirred once every 10 minutes, at any time note replenishing the moisture content that evaporates in the hydrolyzer with distilled water, behind the hydrolysis 180 minutes, most of raw material all decomposes, but still has a large amount of fibrous materials and broken bone still undecomposed.At this moment change " reaction rapidly " stage over to by " gentle reaction " stage, hydrolysate is heated up under continuous stirring, after 30 minutes, rise to boiling, and keep boiling 10 minutes.So far hydrolytic process finishes, and most of fibrous material and broken bone resolve into hydrolysate.Hydrolyzate filters to get filtrate 5.2 kilograms through gauze, leaches residue 195 grams (weight in wet base).Hydrolysis filtrate after 65 ℃ of dryings, obtains 1.68 kilograms of chicken hydrolysis nutrients through vacuum drier.This hydrolysate contains protein 47.0% by analysis, and is fatty 35.4%, and the protein recovery of overall process is 95.7%.
Example three
1.2 kilograms of Flaccid Coelogyne meat, briskets (gross weight takes off bone) mince the back as raw material.This raw material contains protein 17.1% by analysis, and fatty 14.8%.Hydrolysis temperature is regulated and to be controlled at 55 ℃, takes by weighing SC-450 proteolytic enzyme 3.0 grams (raw material weight 0.25%) and is sprinkled in the hydrolyzer and with the meat grain and stirs.Record reacts the time started and stirred once every 10 minutes, notes at any time replenishing the moisture content that evaporates in the hydrolyzer with distilled water, and hydrolysis is after 150 minutes, and most of raw material all decomposes, but still has many fibrous materials still undecomposed.At this moment change " reaction rapidly " stage over to by " gentle reaction " stage: hydrolysate is heated up, after 30 minutes, rise to boiling, and keep boiling 10 minutes under continuous stirring.So far hydrolytic process finishes, and most of fibrous material changes hydrolyzate into.Hydrolyzate filters through gauze and obtains 1.2 kilograms of filtrates, leaches residue 2 grams (weight in wet base).Filtrate obtains hydrolysis of chicken meat thing 260 grams through 65 ℃ of dryings of vacuum drier.This hydrolysate contains protein 48.3% by analysis, and is fatty 36.0%, and the overall process protein recovery is 93.6%.
Example four
The duck processed side product comprises 3.4 kilograms on duck head, duck neck, duck spinal joints, is twisted into diameter particle below 0.5 centimetre as hydrolysis material with meat grinder, this raw material contains protein 16.2% by analysis, fatty 10.8%, raw material is put into hydrolyzer, regulate thermostatic control and make temperature remain on 55 ℃.Take by weighing SC-450 proteolytic enzyme 40.8 gram (heavy burder weight 1.2%), transfer with 680 ml distilled waters and moltenly fall back that to separate pot interior and stir with raw material.The record reaction time started also stirred once every 10 minutes, noted at any time replenishing the moisture content that evaporates in the hydrolyzer with distilled water, and hydrolysis is after 240 minutes, and most of raw material all decomposes, but still had many fibrous materials and broken bone still undecomposed.At this moment react by " gentle reaction " stage and change " reaction rapidly " stage over to: hydrolysate is heated up under continuous stirring, after 30 minutes, rise to boiling, and keep boiling 10 minutes.So far hydrolytic process finishes, and most of fibrous material and broken bone change hydrolyzate into.Hydrolyzate obtains 3.3 kilograms of filtrates through the individual layer filtered through gauze, leaches residue 280 grams (weight in wet base).Hydrolysis filtrate with 65 ℃ of dryings, obtains 0.9 kilogram of duck hydrolysis nutrients through vacuum drier.This hydrolysate contains protein 51.9% by analysis, and is fatty 34.0%, and the protein recovery of overall process is 85.0%.