CN102508991B - Method of constructing virtual experiment teaching scene based on image material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method of constructing a virtual experiment teaching scene based on an image material. The method mainly comprises the following steps: obtaining an image object of a teaching experiment instrument by using an interactive image object extracting method based on a geodesic line; rapidly modeling vivid and reusable virtual experiment components by using the image object of the teaching experiment instrument and a simple geometric pattern element, and adding the virtual experiment components into a multidisciplinary virtual experiment component library; on the basis of initialization of the virtual experiment teaching scene, searching the required virtual experiment components from the virtual experiment component library according to a user requirement, combining the searched virtual experiment components to an initial virtual experiment teaching scene, and editing the logic attribute and appearance attribute of the selected virtual experiment components in a visual form; in the virtual experiment teaching scene, interactively pointing the connection relation between the virtual experiment components by a user, automatically constructing and visualizing the connection relation by using a connection line generation algorithm based on equivalence connection so as to finish the construction of the virtual experiment teaching scene.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to virtual reality and computer-aided instruction field, specifically a kind of construction method of the virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material.
Background technology
Distance education technique is as the important supplement of modern classroom education, adopt the traditional media such as video, audio frequency as knowledge dissemination carrier, and due to long-distance education teachers and students separation spatially, student cannot directly complete experiment to school, off-campus learning center is also because place or instrument and equipment lack the needs that can not fully meet experimental teaching, student cannot obtain the experience of interactive and immersion, cause the insoluble contradiction of experimental teaching, make experimental teaching become the weak link of long-distance education, therefore, often quality of instruction is poor.Virtual reality be take computer technology as core, and in conjunction with related science technology, generation at the approximate digitized environment of the aspect height such as vision, hearing, touch sense, has " 3I " feature: the property immersed, interactivity, the imagination with certain limit true environment.Along with social productive forces and scientific and technical development, every profession and trade is day by day vigorous to the demand of virtual reality technology, the research pay attention to day by day of people to virtual reality technology, virtual reality technology has also obtained huge progress, and progressively becomes an important science and technology field.A kind of teaching method that virtual experimental teaching rises along with the development of computer networking technology and virtual reality technology and experimental technique become one of technological means solving long-distance education bottleneck gradually, have been subject to the extensive concern of domestic and international researchist and research institution.
At present, abroad aspect virtual experimental teaching, carried out the research of a series of explorations and obtained substantial progress, its Typical Representative achievement mainly contains: the Chemical Virtual Experiment system of the U.S. state university of Indiana, this system is for chemical experiment teaching, utilize area of computer aided to complete and gather and analyze experimental data, show the functions such as virtual experimental, and issue relevant experiment instruction material on the net, for student, download study; The WebLab virtual experimental system of Massachusetts Institute Technology, this system applies is in microelectronics course teaching, this system can be carried out result emulation to the experiment of microelectronics subject, and can compare the data of real data and simulation, supports multiple person cooperational experiment simultaneously.
Compare with external virtual experimental teaching research, although carrying out of domestic virtual experimental started late, the research of virtual experimental at present also obtains certain achievement.Domestic representative virtual experimental achievement in research mainly contains: the geometrical optics experimental design platform of Chinese University of Science and Technology, this platform has completed the design of optic virtual experiment, a series of optical instruments of providing by experiment, student can complete all simple lens experiments and compound lens experiment substantially, and complete document and Exercise System is provided; The general physics Internet Simulation Experimental system of Tongji University, this system has been listed the contents such as experimental principle, experimental apparatus, experiment content, data processing, thinking topic and relevant knowledge to each experiment, common operation to instrument has been realized emulation, student is by clicking each control knob of emulator, regulate and control experimental facilities, complete experimental implementation.
In the typical virtual experimental teaching system of above-mentioned these, each virtual experimental teaching scene is a relatively independent application program, after completing program design, just build experiment scene, ignored the building process that student carries out virtual experimental teaching scene; Virtual experimental teaching scene embeds in programming system, and virtual experimental teaching scene does not have extensibility and sharing; Virtual experimental Component Dependency is in different systems, virtual experimental Component Modeling needs professional programming knowledge, and modeling process is complicated, is difficult for expansion with multiplexing, between different virtual instruction experimental systems, can not share virtual experimental member, limit the rich of virtual experimental teaching resource; The modeling of virtual experimental member and scene, adopts based on geometric modeling method, needs professional art designing's knowledge, and modeling needs consumes resources large, and the virtual experimental teaching Component Modeling and the scene that are difficult to reach quick, true to nature build.
Summary of the invention
According to above-mentioned actual demand and key issue, the object of the invention is to: propose a kind of construction method of the virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material, build fast true to nature, general virtual experimental teaching scene.The method does not need the geometric figure Art design of complicated virtual instruction experiment member and experiment scene, but utilizes a large amount of experimental apparatus picture material that can simply obtain, rapid modeling true to nature, can mutual, reusable virtual experimental member.According to the virtual experimental member of the multiplexing modeling of user's request, be combined in initial virtual experimental teaching scene, and with logical attribute and the appearance attribute of the selected virtual experimental member of visual mode editor.User specifies the annexation between virtual experimental member by mutual mode, automatically structure the clearly annexation between visual virtual experimental member, realize readability, virtual experimental teaching scene attractive in appearance builds, and makes user that this education experiment scene is obtained intuitively and understood simultaneously.
For completing goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A construction method for virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material, comprises following steps:
(1) in teaching and experiment equipment picture material, utilize based on geodesic interactive image object extraction algorithm, from teaching and experiment equipment picture material, extract fast and accurately teaching and experiment equipment image object;
(2) based on virtual instruction experiment member logical expressions model, take teaching and experiment equipment image object as main body, in conjunction with simple geometry graphic element, Rapid Establishment virtual instruction experiment true to nature, reusable member, i.e. the visual information of this virtual instruction experiment member of modeling, and use scalable vector graphics to represent, then, combined with the logical expressions model of virtual instruction experiment member, and the description of the extend markup language of operating specification, join multi-disciplinary virtual instruction experiment component base;
(3) local laboratory course or the experiment apparatus title keyword retrieval virtual instruction experiment component base of sending, the object information of retrieval comprises the concise and to the point description of virtual instruction experiment component mark, virtual instruction experiment member Chinese, English name, affiliated subject and course;
(4) the local virtual instruction experiment component mark that sends, ask the details of the virtual instruction experiment member of this virtual instruction experiment component mark sign, the detailed description information of the corresponding virtual instruction experiment member that then visual displaying is returned, the basic description, visual information and the functional attributes that comprise this virtual instruction experiment member, the selection with assisted user to candidate's virtual instruction experiment member;
(5) local initialization virtual experimental teaching scene, user is by candidate's virtual instruction experiment Component composition in initialized virtual experimental teaching scene, and user is with logical attribute and the appearance attribute of the selected virtual instruction experiment of visual mode editor member;
(6) based on virtual experimental teaching scene coordinate system, test the corresponding and transformation relation between component partial coordinate system with virtual instruction, virtual instruction experiment member can be done the operation of translation, rotation and convergent-divergent, and virtual experimental teaching scene can be observed under different scale;
(7) by the mode of user interactions, specify the annexation between virtual instruction experiment member, utilize the connecting line generating algorithm based on connecting line of equal value, structure visual annexation, make virtual experimental teaching scene readability, attractive in appearance automatically;
(8) local is extend markup language form according to the mapping relations of the logical model in virtual experimental teaching scene and Visualization Model by virtual experimental teaching scene description, to realize general virtual experimental teaching scene, builds.
Further, wherein the teaching and experiment equipment image object that extracts from teaching and experiment equipment picture material fast and accurately described in step (1) further comprises following steps:
(A1) the simple mutual specify image object prospect of user and background sampled point;
(A2) use the color probability density function of expectation maximization color distribution algorithm for estimating statistics prospect and background, as the discriminant feature of prospect and background;
(A3) by image abstraction, be neighbours' domain structure, each pixel is node of graph, structural belt weight graph, and be defined in the discrete type geodesic line distance function on color feature space;
(A4) on graph structure, calculate each pixel to the geodesic line distance of prospect or background; Iteration is selected the current node with minimum geodesic line distance from node, is set to flag state, and according to this node geodesic line apart from upgrading its neighbor node, until all nodes on figure are all labeled;
(A5) according to geodesic line distance, generate experimental apparatus image object mask image to be extracted, extract this image object, simultaneously by result feedback to user.
Further, in step (3) and (4), retrieval and virtual instruction experiment member request message send with the visual presentation returning results and all adopt multithreading to carry out the transmitting-receiving of data, often receive return messages and carry out visual displaying.
Further, the imaginary components of step (5) is combined in virtual scene process, local unique sign and the title of this member in virtual scene that automatically generate, and set up the logical model of this member in virtual scene and the mapping relations one by one of Visualization Model, the consistance that keeps virtual experimental scene logical message and visual information, and express fact by fiction to test member group be the organization and administration that least unit realizes virtual experimental teaching scene.
Further, the virtual experimental member that step (6) is described and the displaying of virtual experimental environment Visualization have realized a scalable vector graphics render component, realize virtual experimental scene drawing quick, true to nature, have friendly user-interaction experience simultaneously.
Further, the visual connecting line of all generations of annexation visualized algorithm between the imaginary components described in step (7) is all level or vertical curve, knuckle is right angle, and any connecting line does not intersect with imaginary components, does not overlap with any non-equivalence connecting line, and move arbitrarily a certain member, its mutual annexation remains unchanged, and meanwhile, it is fast that speed is set up in connection, can meet interaction demand, described automatic structure visual annexation further comprise following steps:
(B1) the simple mutual initial tie point of imaginary components and the termination tie point of specifying of user;
(B2), according to virtual experimental teaching scene logical model and Visualization Model mapping relations, check whether initial tie point mates with the connection type that stops tie point;
(B3) calculate the connecting line all of equal value with annexation to be generated, there is the connecting line of starting point identical with annexation to be generated or terminating point, choose with the middle connecting line point of initial tie point arest neighbors as new termination tie point;
(B4) suppose that in virtual experimental teaching scene, existing virtual experimental member is barrier, use, around barrier algorithm, and is used greedy direction, dynamic step length strategy, connecting line between structure starting point and new terminating point, makes it not intersect with existing virtual experimental member;
(B5) use connecting line detection algorithm of equal value, multiplexing existing connecting line of equal value, gets around all non-equivalence connecting lines, reduces connecting line hop count in virtual experimental teaching scene;
(B6) use collinear point to detect and broken line point mapping algorithm, reduce step (B4) and (B5) in issuable redundancy intermediate connection point and broken line.
Further, the expression of described virtual instruction experiment member and described virtual experimental teaching scene meets national virtual experimental teaching relevant criterion, is that a kind of general, extendible virtual experimental teaching scene builds presentation format.
Build a needed method of virtual experimental teaching scene constructing system based on picture material, cardinal principle is as follows: the extraction of experimental apparatus image object, from the image of complex background, utilize based on geodesic image object extraction algorithm, extract required experimental apparatus image object; Virtual experimental Component Modeling, take experimental apparatus image object as main body, combined with virtual experimentalist logic represents model and simple geometry graphic element, realize virtual experimental Component Modeling true to nature, can be mutual, and represent with the extend markup language form of standard, add multi-disciplinary virtual instruction experiment component base; Candidate's virtual experimental component retrieval and preview, for certain specific experimental teaching scene, retrieval virtual instruction experiment component base, user selects required virtual experiment apparatus, and is added in the list of candidate's imaginary components; Virtual experimental Component composition, major function is for to test Component composition in initialized virtual experimental teaching scene by candidate, and with logical attribute and the appearance attribute of the selected virtual experimental member of visual mode editor; Annexation is set up with visual, user specifies the annexation between virtual experimental member by mutual mode, the connecting line generating algorithm of utilization based on connecting line of equal value, structure visual annexation, make whole virtual experimental teaching scene readability, attractive in appearance automatically; The storage of virtual experimental teaching scene is with multiplexing, local according to the mapping relations of the logical model in virtual scene and Visualization Model, the extend markup language form that virtual experimental teaching scene is represented to meet to national virtual experimental teaching relevant criterion, builds to realize general virtual experimental teaching scene.
Based on geodesic interactive image object extraction algorithm, only need the simple mutual sampled point of specifying the instrument object and Background in experimental apparatus image of user, the color probability density function of algorithm for estimating statistics prospect and background, discriminant feature as prospect and background, by calculating any one pixel to the geodesic line distance of object and Background, just can realize the extraction of experimental apparatus image object fast.
Virtual experimental logical expressions model is base attribute, physical characteristics, the functional characteristic domain knowledge of one group of experimental apparatus, and is described with extend markup language form.Combined with virtual experimentalist logic represents model, take experimental apparatus image object as main body, adds simple several picture element on image object, the virtual experimental member that realization can be mutual.Scalable vector graphics form is based on extend markup language, for describing a kind of presentation format of two-dimension vector graphics and image, there is feature capable of being combined, convertible, can be mutual, meanwhile, can in scalable vector graphics file, embed animated element or define animation by script.Therefore, can use scalable vector graphics form to represent the visual information of virtual experimental member, and combine with virtual experimental logical expressions model, realization can be expanded, reusable virtual experimental Component Modeling, and join in multi-disciplinary virtual experimental component base.
User is subject keyword or experiment member in critical word and search virtual experimental component base by experiment, obtains the required candidate of certain particular virtual experimental teaching scene and tests member.Request message sends with the visual presentation returning results and adopts multithreading to carry out the transmitting-receiving of data, often receives return messages and carries out visual displaying.The object information of retrieval comprises the concise and to the point description of imaginary components sign, imaginary components Chinese, English name, affiliated subject, course.User identifies by sending imaginary components, asks the detailed description of this imaginary components, comprises basic description, visable representation, the functional attributes of this virtual experimental member.This member of local parsing is described in detail, and it is visually showed to user, to assist the selection of the required virtual experiment apparatus of particular experiment.The visual presentation of virtual experimental member has been realized a scalable vector graphics render component fast, in scalable vector graphics render component, define multiple drafting style and alternative events operation response, realized virtual experimental scene drawing true to nature and friendly user interactions.
User is combined to candidate component in initialized virtual experimental teaching scene, local automatically generate the unique sign of this member in virtual scene according to the current system time, the sequence number increasing progressively by member Chinese and member kind generates this member unique title in virtual experimental teaching scene automatically.Resolve the detailed description of this imaginary components, the logical expressions model and the Visualization Model that extract wherein represent, be inserted into respectively in virtual experimental teaching scene logical model concordance list and Visualization Model concordance list, and set up the logical model of this member in virtual scene and the mapping relations of Visualization Model.User is with logical attribute and the appearance attribute of the selected virtual experimental member of visual mode editor.Virtual experimental teaching scene assembly is realized the corresponding and transformation relation between virtual experimental teaching scene coordinate system and virtual experimental component partial coordinate system, virtual experimental member can translation, rotation, convergent-divergent interactive operation, and virtual experimental teaching scene can be observed under different scale.
User specifies the annexation between virtual experimental member by mutual mode, local according to the mapping relations of the logical model in virtual scene and Visualization Model, that determines this pair of imaginary components tie point can connection type, and can whether connection type is identical judges whether these two tie points can interconnect according to it.Then, set up the annexation between imaginary components, according to connecting line generating algorithm, automatically get around existing experiment member and non-equivalence connecting line in virtual scene, maximize existing connecting line of equal value in multiplexing scene, visual this annexation, makes whole virtual experimental teaching scene readability, attractive in appearance clearly.Automatically all connecting lines that generate are all level or vertical curve, and knuckle is right angle, and any connecting line does not intersect with imaginary components, and move arbitrarily a certain member, its mutual annexation remains unchanged, simultaneously, it is fast that speed is set up in connection, can meet interaction demand.
User completes after the structure of virtual experimental teaching scene, local according to the mapping relations of the logical model in virtual scene and Visualization Model, virtual experimental teaching scene is expressed as to the extend markup language form that meets national virtual experimental teaching relevant criterion, general to realize, extendible virtual experimental teaching scene builds.
The present invention compared with prior art, its useful feature is: 1, the present invention is directed to that the current virtual experimental teaching scene sense of reality is low, extensibility is low, the problem of aboundresources deficiency, basic step and basic framework that a kind of virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material builds have been provided, and realized an online virtual experimental teaching scene constructing system, be applied to virtual experimental teaching demoncal ration platform.2, in the present invention, virtual instruction is tested Component Modeling with picture material main body, combined with virtual member logical expressions model and simple geometric graphic element, and modeling fast goes out virtual experimental member true to nature, can be mutual.3, utilization of the present invention, based on geodesic interactive image object extraction algorithm, only needs the simple mutual sampled point of specifying the instrument object and Background in experimental apparatus image of user, just can extract fast and accurately experimental apparatus image object.4, the present invention provides the visualized algorithm of annexation between a kind of virtual experimental member, this algorithm can get around existing experiment member and non-equivalence connecting line in virtual scene automatically, maximize existing connecting line of equal value in multiplexing scene, visual annexation, makes whole virtual experimental teaching scene readability, attractive in appearance clearly.5, virtual experimental member of the present invention, exchanges data, virtual experimental teaching scene are used the extend markup language that meets national virtual experimental teaching relevant criterion to represent, meet general, extendible virtual experimental teaching scene structure demand.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 overall system Organization Chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is of the present invention based on geodesic interactive image object extraction algorithm schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 focus object extraction algorithm of the present invention general structure;
Fig. 4 annexation visualized algorithm of the present invention schematic diagram;
Tie point view in Fig. 5 annexation visualized algorithm of the present invention;
Fig. 6 virtual experimental teaching scene of the present invention builds schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 7 virtual experimental teaching scene of the present invention constructing system module map;
Fig. 8 virtual experimental teaching scene of the present invention is resolved and is drawn schematic diagram.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is elaborated.
Consult Fig. 1 overall system Organization Chart of the present invention, general frame of the present invention mainly comprises 7 parts, between each several part, main operation is as follows: (1) experimental apparatus image object extracts, and utilizes and from experimental apparatus image, extracts experimental apparatus image object based on geodesic image object extraction algorithm; (2) virtual experimental Component Modeling, the logical expressions model of combined with virtual experiment member, take experimental apparatus image object as main body, adds simple geometric graphic element, with extend markup language form, adds multi-disciplinary virtual experimental component base; (3) virtual experimental component retrieval, affiliated subject or experimental apparatus title are retrieved virtual experimental component base by experiment, and the result of retrieval is carried out to visual preview displaying; (4) virtual experimental teaching scene builds, system initialization virtual experimental teaching scene, user's selected member from candidate's virtual experimental member is combined to this specific virtual experimental teaching scene, and with logical attribute and the appearance attribute of the selected virtual experimental member of visual mode editor; (5) annexation is visual, and user specifies the annexation between virtual experimental member by mutual mode, and system is according to visual this annexation of annexation visualized algorithm; (6) virtual experimental teaching scene is preserved with multiplexing, and user completes after virtual experimental teaching scene structure, and system is that the extend markup language that meets national virtual experimental teaching relevant criterion represents by this virtual experimental teaching scene conversion automatically.
Consult Fig. 2 of the present invention based on geodesic image object extraction algorithm schematic diagram.By user, input a small amount of prospect and background sampled point, utilize sampled point to estimate the color characteristic of prospect and background, and the weighted-graph structure that design of graphics picture is corresponding on this basis, then the geodesic line distance to prospect and background according to all nodes in geodesic line distance definition calculating chart structure, take this distance foreground object accurately to be extracted from background image as foundation.Algorithm is the graph structure in neighbours territory by image abstraction, and each pixel is node of graph, between adjacent node, by cum rights limit, is connected.On graph structure, defined the discrete type geodesic line distance in color feature space (curved surface).Probability model based on feature all supposes that pixel is separate, but considers the space continuity between image slices vegetarian refreshments, and the path C defining between any two pixels (x, y) is as follows:
C(x,y)＝(x＝v
0,v
1,…,v
n＝y)
Wherein, v
i, v
i+1for the neighbor pixel on image.For the geodesic line between any two pixels (x, y), apart from d (x, y), be the minimum weight distance having in the two all paths of pixel, be:
W(v
i,v
i+1)＝|P
l(v
i)-P
l(v
i+1)|,l∈{F,B}
Wherein, W (v
i, v
i+1) for the characteristic probability according to prospect or background of adjacent two pixels, estimate the Weighted distance obtaining, be defined herein as the gradient function of probability estimate.Thereby, for the arbitrary pixel x on image, to the geodesic line distance definition of prospect or background, be the minimum geodesic line distance D from pixel x to all prospects or background sampled point
l(x),
According to the definition of geodesic line distance, the mark l finally giving for pixel x
*for:
Iteration is selected the current node with minimum geodesic line distance from node, is set to flag state, and according to this node geodesic line apart from upgrading its neighbor node, until the upper all nodes of figure are all labeled.By calculating all pixels to the geodesic line distance of prospect and background, just foreground object can be extracted from image, realize object extraction process.
Consult Fig. 3 focus object extraction algorithm of the present invention general structure, the general structure of the method comprises user interactions load module, characteristic probability estimation module, geodesic line distance calculation module and object extraction and result display module.User interactions input sample unique point, carries out characteristic probability estimation according to these sampling point informations, and then solves the geodesic line distance of prospect and background (or different objects) pixel.According to geodesic line distance, carry out object extraction, will extract result feedback to user simultaneously, reach the effect that focus object extracts.
Consult Fig. 4 and consult Fig. 5 annexation visualized algorithm of the present invention schematic diagram, annexation of the present invention is visual mainly has following characteristics: all connecting lines are all level or vertical curve, knuckle right angle; Any connecting line must not be crossed in element body, does not overlap with existing non-equivalence connecting line; Effect of visualization is as far as possible attractive in appearance, and does not require that the wiring obtaining is the shortest; Effectively utilize existing connecting line, reduce connecting line number in whole scene; Between connecting line, can effectively distinguish, be difficult for obscuring; Move arbitrarily a certain components and parts, the annexation between imaginary components remains unchanged; (6) cloth linear velocity is fast, can meet interaction demand.
Two kinds of differences of this algorithm definition connecting line: connecting line of equal value, with non-equivalence connecting line.If two connecting line has identical connection source, or identical connection endpoint, these two connecting lines are logically of equal value, are called connecting line of equal value, otherwise, be non-equivalence connecting line, as consult as shown in Fig. 4.Three kinds of intermediate connection point states of this algorithm definition: feasible point, frontier point, dead point, as consult as shown in Fig. 5.
Suppose all component set C in virtual experimental teaching scene, for each member c
i∈ C, its Rectangular Bounding Volume is B
i, connecting pin set is V
i, wherein with tie point v
ij∈ V
ithe all connection broken lines set being connected is L
ij, wherein to every connecting line l
k∈ L
ij, in the middle of they are all, break set is T
k.For the selected initial tie point v of user interactions
pswith termination tie point v
qe, the visual construction algorithm of its connecting line mainly comprises following steps: according to virtual scene logical model and Visualization Model mapping relations, compare tie point v
psand v
qebetween can whether mate by connection type, if do not mated, cannot create annexation; The current tie point curPos ← v of assignment
ps, assignment stops tie point endPos ← v
qe; Calculate target and connect < v
ps, v
qethe connecting line all of equal value of >; Calculate tie point v
psarrive Euler's distance of the intermediate connection point of all connecting lines of equal value; Make endPos ← p
kmthe connecting line l of equal value of arest neighbors
kmiddle break p
km∈ T
k; Use is with greedy target direction
the Maze Routing strategy of guiding and dynamic step length, structure connects broken line point set T by curPos in the middle of endPos, avoids non-equivalence connecting line simultaneously; Use collinear point detection algorithm to remove conllinear tie points all in T until the point in T is broken line point; Use the method for broken line point mapping to reduce the redundancy broken line point in T, until | T| no longer changes; By connecting line l of equal value
kin Pointcut T
kin by endPos to v
qeintermediate connection point be inserted into set T, structure v
psand v
qebetween complete connecting line.
At structure, by curPos, in the middle of endPos, connected in broken line point set T step, broken line construction algorithm improves maze routing algorithm, by the Rectangular Bounding Volume of imaginary components, is B
ibe considered as barrier, improvements: (1) is used greedy direction; (2) use dynamic cloth long, if when current wiring direction is feasible, increase step-length, reduce step-length when infeasible, zoom factor is 2.0; (3) if current line segment when existing non-equivalence connecting wiring overlaps in scene, continues to walk fixed step size distance along current direction, avoid existing non-equivalence and connect up; (4) current point is frontier point, stops advancing of this critical direction, turns another feasible component direction, if another component direction is infeasible, along current direction, continues to walk a fixed step size, until another component direction is feasible.By (1) and (2), can reduce whole problem scale, reduce computation complexity, meet interaction demand.By (3) and (4), can, so that the effect of visualization of annexation is more clear, distinguishable, increase the completion rate of lines simultaneously.The connecting line being generated by above step may include the broken line of collinear point and the redundancy of redundancy, therefore by detecting whether conllinear of 3 adjacent intermediate connection points, remove the collinear point of redundancy, make all intermediate connection points be broken line point, and by 3 adjacent intermediate connection point t
i-1, t
i, t
i+1intermediate point t in ∈ T
ibe mapped to t
i-1, t
i, t
i+1the rectangle forming angle point t ' is gone up, if broken line quantity reduces, makes t
i=t ', traversal set T, the collinear point that repeat redundancy remove with middle broken line point mapping until the number of set T mid point does not change.
Consult Fig. 6 virtual experimental teaching scene of the present invention and build schematic flow sheet, user interactions is selected to create new blank virtual experimental teaching scene or multiplexing existing similar experiment scene, and system completes the establishment of initial virtual experimental teaching scene; By using laboratory course keyword or the multi-disciplinary virtual experimental component base of experimental apparatus title keyword retrieval, complete the required candidate of certain particular experiment scene and test member; User selects to test accordingly Component composition in virtual experimental teaching scene from candidate's imaginary components, edits logical attribute and the appearance attribute of selected virtual experimental member; User specifies the annexation between virtual experimental member by mutual mode, and system generates and visual this annexation automatically; User completes after virtual instruction experimental construction, and the extend markup language that system generates the standard of this virtual experimental teaching scene represents and stores.
Consult Fig. 7 virtual experimental teaching scene of the present invention constructing system module map, from top to bottom, mainly can be divided into data resource interface, virtual experimental component management, annexation management, virtual experimental teaching scene management and user interactions management.Wherein, data resource interface layer major function is that multithreading sends and request extend markup language character stream data, extend markup language character stream Data Analysis, the conversion of extend markup language cannonical format and data binding module.Virtual experimental component management layer, provides interpolation, the deletion of the retrieval of imaginary components, visual preview, candidate component and scene member, the visual edit module of imaginary components logical attribute.Annexation management major function is to provide and can verify by connection type, connecting line Visual Production, connecting line interpolation, deletion, personalized customization module.Scene management layer, mainly comprises the customization of initialization generation, preservation, removing, recovery, convergent-divergent and the description of experiment essential information of virtual experimental teaching scene.User interactions layer, mainly comprises a series of people-oriented interaction and render component, as candidate's virtual experimental component retrieval assembly, preview component, virtual experimental area assembly, real-time virtual instruction experimental construction aid prompting message box.
Consulting Fig. 8 virtual experimental teaching scene of the present invention resolves and draws schematic diagram.By resolving the extend markup language of a virtual experimental teaching scene, character stream is described, the logical message index structure of this scene of initialization and visual information index structure and set up logic index and visual index between mapping relations one by one.By separation logic, represent model and visable representation model, realize the relatively independent organization and administration of the two, set up the mapping relations one by one of logical model and Visualization Model simultaneously, keep the consistance of logical data and visual information.For visable representation model, can set by scaled vectors graphical nodes, by top-down method, the figure of the same member in scalable vector graphics tree node, image entities are placed in to same group, based on group, realize the co-operating of drawing on the same group entity, as moved in groups, convergent-divergent, replace, delete.Group is the minimum unit in virtual experimental teaching scene management.In each group, refinement nodal analysis method, to primary graphic element, image entities that can Fast Drawing, be substantially drawn on entity and is defined interactive operation at these, as picking up of component interface, and the picking up of member.At each, draw on entity, by defining the sense of reality of multiple figure, image, font style raising virtual experimental teaching scene drawing.The visual preview component of member, provides member visual preview function, rapid extraction virtual experimental member acquiescence visual information, and show user, assisted user to test the visual selection of member.Virtual experimental platform assembly, virtual experimental teaching scene rendering and structure assembly, realize the Fast Drawing of virtual experimental teaching scene with mutual, realizes the function of virtual experimental platform, is the core control that user oriented virtual experimental scene builds.The customer incident response mechanism of the various states defining on this assembly, as mouse picks up, member parameter editor, contextual function menu setecting, planning grid be auxiliary, assisted user carries out the virtual experimental teaching scene of virtual experimental What You See Is What You Get efficiently and builds.
The foregoing is only basic explanations more of the present invention, any equivalent transformation of doing according to technical scheme of the present invention, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a construction method for the virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
(1) in teaching and experiment equipment picture material, utilize based on geodesic interactive image object extraction algorithm, from teaching and experiment equipment picture material, extract fast and accurately teaching and experiment equipment image object;
(2) based on virtual instruction experiment member logical expressions model, take teaching and experiment equipment image object as main body, in conjunction with simple geometry graphic element, Rapid Establishment virtual instruction experiment true to nature, reusable member, i.e. the visual information of this virtual instruction experiment member of modeling, and use scalable vector graphics to represent, then, combined with the logical expressions model of virtual instruction experiment member, and the description of the extend markup language of operating specification, join multi-disciplinary virtual instruction experiment component base;
(3) local laboratory course or the experiment apparatus title keyword retrieval virtual instruction experiment component base of sending, the object information of retrieval comprises the concise and to the point description of virtual instruction experiment component mark, virtual instruction experiment member Chinese, English name, affiliated subject and course;
(4) the local virtual instruction experiment component mark that sends, ask the details of the virtual instruction experiment member of this virtual instruction experiment component mark sign, the detailed description information of the corresponding virtual instruction experiment member that then visual displaying is returned, the basic description, visual information and the functional attributes that comprise this virtual instruction experiment member, the selection with assisted user to candidate's virtual instruction experiment member;
(5) local initialization virtual experimental teaching scene, user is by candidate's virtual instruction experiment Component composition in initialized virtual experimental teaching scene, and user is with logical attribute and the appearance attribute of the selected virtual instruction experiment of visual mode editor member;
(6) based on virtual experimental teaching scene coordinate system, test the corresponding and transformation relation between component partial coordinate system with virtual instruction, virtual instruction experiment member can be done the operation of translation, rotation and convergent-divergent, and virtual experimental teaching scene can be observed under different scale;
(7) by the mode of user interactions, specify the annexation between virtual instruction experiment member, utilize the connecting line generating algorithm based on connecting line of equal value, structure visual annexation, make virtual experimental teaching scene readability, attractive in appearance automatically;
(8) local is extend markup language form according to the mapping relations of the logical model in virtual experimental teaching scene and Visualization Model by virtual experimental teaching scene description, to realize general virtual experimental teaching scene, builds;
Wherein, it is main body that virtual instruction experiment Component Modeling is used experimental apparatus picture material, and wherein the teaching and experiment equipment image object that extracts from teaching and experiment equipment picture material fast and accurately described in step (1) specifically comprises following steps:
(A1) the simple mutual specify image object prospect of user and background sampled point;
(A2) use the color probability density function of expectation maximization color distribution algorithm for estimating statistics prospect and background, as the discriminant feature of prospect and background;
(A3) by image abstraction, be neighbours' domain structure, each pixel is node of graph, structural belt weight graph, and be defined in the discrete type geodesic line distance function on color feature space;
(A4) on graph structure, calculate each pixel to the geodesic line distance of prospect or background; Iteration is selected the current node with minimum geodesic line distance from node, is set to flag state, and according to this node geodesic line apart from upgrading its neighbor node, until all nodes on figure are all labeled;
(A5) according to geodesic line distance, generate experimental apparatus image object mask image to be extracted, extract this image object, simultaneously by result feedback to user.
2. the construction method of a kind of virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (3) and (4), retrieval and virtual instruction experiment member request message send with the visual presentation returning results and all adopt multithreading to carry out the transmitting-receiving of data, often receive return messages and carry out visual displaying.
3. the construction method of a kind of virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the imaginary components of step (5) is combined in virtual scene process, local unique sign and the title of this member in virtual scene that automatically generate, and set up the logical model of this member in virtual scene and the mapping relations one by one of Visualization Model, the consistance that keeps virtual experimental scene logical message and visual information, and express fact by fiction to test member group be the organization and administration that least unit realizes virtual experimental teaching scene.
4. the construction method of a kind of virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the virtual experimental member that step (6) is described and the displaying of virtual experimental environment Visualization have realized a scalable vector graphics render component, realize virtual experimental scene drawing quick, true to nature, there is friendly user-interaction experience simultaneously.
5. the construction method of a kind of virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the visual connecting line of all generations of annexation visualized algorithm between the imaginary components described in step (7) is all level or vertical curve, knuckle is right angle, any connecting line does not intersect with imaginary components, do not overlap with any non-equivalence connecting line, and move arbitrarily a certain member, its mutual annexation remains unchanged, simultaneously, it is fast that speed is set up in connection, can meet interaction demand, described automatic structure visual annexation further comprise following steps:
(B1) the simple mutual initial tie point of imaginary components and the termination tie point of specifying of user;
(B2), according to virtual experimental teaching scene logical model and Visualization Model mapping relations, check whether initial tie point mates with the connection type that stops tie point;
(B3) calculate the connecting line all of equal value with annexation to be generated, there is the connecting line of starting point identical with annexation to be generated or terminating point, choose with the middle connecting line point of initial tie point arest neighbors as new termination tie point;
(B4) suppose that in virtual experimental teaching scene, existing virtual experimental member is barrier, use, around barrier algorithm, and is used greedy direction, dynamic step length strategy, connecting line between structure starting point and new terminating point, makes it not intersect with existing virtual experimental member;
(B5) use connecting line detection algorithm of equal value, multiplexing existing connecting line of equal value, gets around all non-equivalence connecting lines, reduces connecting line hop count in virtual experimental teaching scene;
(B6) use collinear point to detect and broken line point mapping algorithm, reduce step (B4) and (B5) in issuable redundancy intermediate connection point and broken line.
6. the construction method of a kind of virtual experimental teaching scene based on picture material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the expression of described virtual instruction experiment member and described virtual experimental teaching scene meets national virtual experimental teaching relevant criterion, is that a kind of general, extendible virtual experimental teaching scene builds presentation format.
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