CN102508222B - Middle and upper atmospheric wind field retrieval method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a middle and upper atmospheric wind field retrieval method comprising the following steps of: determining three detecting directions, wherein the three detecting directions include a first detecting direction, a second detecting direction and a third detecting direction, the first detecting direction has the zenith angle being phi 1 and the azimuth angle being theta 1, thesecond detecting direction has the zenith angle being phi 2 and the azimuth angle being theta 2, the third detecting direction has the zenith angle being 0 DEG, the difference between theta 1 and theta 2 is equal to 90 DEG, and phi 1 and phi 2 are equal and are larger than 0 DEG and smaller than 90 DEG; respectively retrieving the radial wind speed Vr1 in the first detecting direction, the radialwind speed Vr2 in the second detecting direction and the radial wind speed Vr3 in the third detecting direction; and in a three-dimensional coordinate system which is constructed in advance, calculating the horizontal wind speed Vh of an atmospheric wind field and an angle gamma between the direction of the atmospheric wind field and the forward direction of the X-axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system according to Vr1,Vr2 and Vr3. According to the middle and upper atmospheric wind field retrieval method disclosed by the invention, the measuring time is shortened, and therefore, the time resolution is increased.

Description

A kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level

Technical field

The invention belongs to the laser radar detection technical field, relate in particular to a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level.

Background technology

One of important parameter that atmospheric wind parameter on the middle and senior level is Space Physics research, theory study in conjunction with space physics, can disclose the physical phenomenon in space and the interaction that includes and cause-effect relationship, atmospheric wind parameter on the middle and senior level all has widely application at aspects such as meteorological research, weather forecast, atmosphere environment supervision and national defence hi-techs simultaneously.

The laser-Doppler remote sensing survey has had the evolution of decades, and the Doppler measurement technology that adopts comprises relevant (heterodyne) technology and incoherent technology.Wherein, incoherent technology to optical system less demanding, realize easily and process that its range of application also expands to the detection of molecular scattering.The Doppler shift that incoherent system utilizes atmospheric particles to produce directly obtains radial velocity and distributes, and be the best instrument of measuring at present atmospheric wind, and incoherent system has the characteristics such as measuring accuracy height, resolution height and dimensional wind information.The means that direct reception (incoherent) laser radar is measured as atmospheric wind are generally adopted in the world at present.

Doppler anemometry laser radar radially single beam survey obtain be Horizontal Winds in the radial component of this detection direction, under suitable scan mode, the multi-beam combination can inverting obtain dimensional wind.At present, Doppler anemometry laser radar adopts has the scan mode of fixed elevation and azimuthal four wave beams of same intervals, namely adopts four wave beams to carry out Wind-field Retrieval, and principle as shown in Figure 1.

Take the due east direction as the X-axis positive dirction, direct north is the Y-axis positive dirction, the direction of zenith is that the Z axis positive dirction is set up coordinate system, the launching elevation of laser is θ, survey respectively four wind fields radially, thereby the radially wind speed of inverting four corners of the world four direction, radially wind speed refers to the component value of actual wind speed on this direction that laser beam is pointed to.The general provision direct north is 0 °, and east, south, west obtain radially wind speed V by being followed successively by clockwise 90 °, 180 ° and 360 ° _Ri

$V_{\mathrm{ri}}=v_{\mathrm{di}}\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{2}$ i＝N，S，E，W (1)

In the formula (1): v _DiBe Doppler shift, λ is optical maser wavelength, can get according to geometric relationship:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\mathrm{rN}}=V_y\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\\ V_{\mathrm{rE}}=V_x\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\\ V_{\mathrm{rS}}=-V_y\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\\ V_{\mathrm{rW}}=-V_x\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

Can get atmospheric wind through deriving at the separately component of x axle, y axle, z axle is:

$V_x=\frac{V_{\mathrm{rE}}-V_{\mathrm{rW}}}{2\cos \mathrm{\θ}}$ $V_y=\frac{V_{\mathrm{rN}}-V_{\mathrm{rS}}}{2\cos \mathrm{\θ}}$ $V_z=\frac{V_{\mathrm{rE}}+V_{\mathrm{rW}}+V_{\mathrm{rN}}+V_{\mathrm{rS}}}{4\sin \mathrm{\θ}}---\left(3\right)$

Horizontal wind speed size V then _hγ is respectively with direction:

$V_h=\sqrt{{\left(V_x\right)}^2+{\left(V_y\right)}^2}=\frac{1}{2\cos \mathrm{\θ}}{[{(V_{\mathrm{rE}}-V_{\mathrm{rW}})}^2+{(V_{\mathrm{rN}}-V_{\mathrm{rS}})}^2]}^{1/2}$ (4)

γ＝arctan(V _x/V _y)+π{1-sign[(V _y+|V _y|)·V _x]}V _y≠0

In traditional atmospheric wind inversion method, need the radially wind speed by four direction in the Doppler anemometry laser radar inverting atmospheric envelope, in inverting radially in the process of wind speed, at first to a certain preset direction Emission Lasers of atmospheric envelope signal, laser signal runs into atmospheric molecule and produces the Rayleigh back scattering, Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal is received, determine the Doppler shift that the party makes progress according to the Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal of this direction afterwards, determine the radially wind speed of this direction in the atmospheric envelope according to formula (1), in obtaining atmospheric envelope behind the radially wind speed of four preset directions, according to formula (3) and (4) calculated level wind speed size and Orientation.

In implementation process, will be by means of the radially wind speed of four preset directions in the Doppler anemometry laser radar successively atmospheric sounding layer, this causes the atmospheric wind Measuring Time longer, reduced temporal resolution, temporal resolution refers to adjacent twice wind field observation of carrying out at the same area or the minimum interval of forecast result.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level, can shorten the atmospheric wind test duration, improve temporal resolution.

For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:

A kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level comprises:

Determine three detection directions, three detection directions comprise the first detection direction, the second detection direction and the 3rd detection direction, and the zenith angle of described the first detection direction is φ ₁, its position angle is θ ₁, the zenith angle of described the second detection direction is φ ₂, its position angle is θ ₂, the zenith angle of described the 3rd detection direction is 0 °, wherein, and described θ ₁And θ ₂Differ 90 °, described φ ₁And φ ₂Identical, greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °;

Radially wind speed V on described the first detection direction of difference inverting _R1, the radially wind speed V on the second detection direction _R2With the radially wind speed V on the 3rd detection direction _R3

In the three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance, according to described V _R1, V _R2And V _R3Calculate the horizontal wind speed V of atmospheric wind _h, and the direction of described atmospheric wind and described three-dimensional system of coordinate in angle γ between the X-axis positive dirction.

Preferably, in said method, the described three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance is take the due east direction as the X-axis positive dirction, take direct north as the Y-axis positive dirction, to point to zenith direction as the Z axis positive dirction, then

$V_h=\sqrt{V_x^2+V_y^2},$

γ=arctan (V _x/ V _y)+π { 1-sign[(V _y+ | V _y|) V _x], wherein,

$V_x=\frac{V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}-\frac{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}$

$\×\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}{\left({\sin \mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}$

$V_y=\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}.$

Preferably, in said method, the process of the radially wind speed of any one detection direction of inverting comprises:

Detection direction Emission Lasers signal in the atmospheric envelope;

Receive Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal;

Calculate the Doppler shift v of described detection direction _d, v _d=[R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)-T _L ^-1(v ₀)], wherein, R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a) inverse function, T _L ^-1(v ₀) be T _L(v ₀) inverse function,

R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a)=T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)/T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a), wherein, T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be that Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal is through the transmitance of F-P etalon first signal passage, T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal process F-P etalon secondary signal passage,

T _L(v ₀)=a ₅I _Ls/ (a ₄I _Le), wherein, a ₅Be the calibration constants of the 5th detector in the Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LeBe the light intensity that described the 5th detector detects, a ₄Be the calibration constants of the 4th detector in the described Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LsThe light intensity that detects for described the 4th detector;

According to the Doppler shift of described detection direction, calculate the radially wind speed of described detection direction.

Preferably, in said method, calculate in the Doppler shift process of described direction of measurement described temperature T _aBe model temperature.

Preferably, in said method, calculate in the Doppler shift process of described direction of measurement described temperature T _aBe observed temperature;

The process of determining described observed temperature comprises:

The photon number N (z) of the Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal that comes from described the 3rd detection direction that measurement receives;

Calculate described atmospheric atmospheric density ρ (z) according to described photon number,

Wherein, z ₀Be reference altitude, ρ (z ₀) be the density at reference altitude place in the described atmospheric envelope, N (z ₀) be the photon number at reference altitude place in the described atmospheric envelope;

Calculate the actual temperature T (z) that is detected At The Height in the described atmospheric envelope according to described atmospheric density,

$T\left(z\right)=T\left(z_0\right)\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z_0\right)}{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}\frac{M\left(z\right)}{M\left(z_0\right)}+\frac{M\left(z\right)}{R}{\∫}_z^{z_0}\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z^{\′}\right)g\left(z^{\′}\right)}{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}{\mathrm{dz}}^{\′},$ Wherein, T (z ₀) be the atmospheric temperature in described reference altitude place, M (z ₀) be the molal weight at reference altitude place in the described atmospheric envelope, M (z) is for being detected the molal weight of At The Height in the described atmospheric envelope, and R is gas law constant, and g (z) is acceleration of gravity.

Preferably, in said method, described φ ₁And φ ₂It is 30 °.

This shows, beneficial effect of the present invention is: in the atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level disclosed by the invention, atmospheric wind is being carried out in the refutation process, only by Doppler anemometry laser radar three direction of measurement are carried out the Doppler shift test, calculate respectively afterwards the radially wind speed of all directions, finally determine horizontal wind speed and the direction of atmospheric wind according to the radially wind speed of three measurement directions, owing to only need to measure the Doppler shift of three direction of measurement in the whole atmospheric wind refutation process, compare with the Doppler shift of measuring the four measuring direction in the prior art, shorten Measuring Time, thereby improved temporal resolution.

In addition, the present invention is in inverting radially in the process of wind speed, adopts to be detected atmospheric observed temperature and to calculate Doppler shift, can further improve the accuracy of atmospheric wind data.

Description of drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, the below will do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is existing four beam scanning synoptic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 3 is three beam scanning synoptic diagram disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of method of the radially wind speed of a detection direction of inverting disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of existing Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver;

Fig. 6 is the exploded view of laser beam in a kind of three-dimensional system of coordinate disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of determining to be detected the method for atmospheric envelope observed temperature among the present invention.

Embodiment

For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.

The invention discloses a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level, can shorten the atmospheric wind test duration, improve temporal resolution.Its ultimate principle is: atmospheric wind is being carried out in the refutation process, only by Doppler anemometry laser radar three direction of measurement are carried out the Doppler shift test, calculate respectively afterwards the radially wind speed of all directions, finally determine horizontal wind speed and the direction of atmospheric wind according to the radially wind speed of three measurement directions, owing to only need to measure the Doppler shift of three direction of measurement in the whole atmospheric wind refutation process, compare with the Doppler shift of measuring the four measuring direction in the prior art, shorten Measuring Time, thereby improved temporal resolution.

Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level disclosed by the invention.Comprise:

Step S1: determine three detection directions.

Three detection directions comprise the first detection direction, the second detection direction and the 3rd detection direction.Wherein, the zenith angle of the first detection direction is φ ₁, its position angle is θ ₁, the zenith angle of the second detection direction is φ ₂, its position angle is θ ₂, the zenith angle φ of the 3rd detection direction ₃It is 0 °.And, θ ₁And θ ₂Differ 90 °, φ ₁And φ ₂Identical, greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °.Namely the 3rd detection direction is for vertically upward, and the first detection direction and the second detection direction be for obliquely, and the first detection direction in the projection on the surface level and the second detection direction the projection quadrature on surface level.The synoptic diagram of this three wave beam sees also Fig. 3.

Step S2: the radially wind speed of three detection directions of difference inverting.

Utilize Doppler anemometry laser radar basically identical to the process that three detection directions carry out radially wind speed inverting.Wherein, the process of the radially wind speed of a detection direction of inverting comprises as shown in Figure 4:

Step S21: detection direction Emission Lasers signal in the atmospheric envelope.

Step S22: receive Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal.

Can produce the Rayleigh back scattering after laser signal runs into atmospheric molecule, Doppler anemometry laser radar can receive this Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal.

Step S23: the Doppler shift v that calculates this detection direction _d

v _d=[R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)-T _L ^-1(v ₀)], wherein, v ₀Be Doppler shift, v ₀Be Laser emission frequency, R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a) inverse function, T _L ^-1(v ₀) be T _L(v ₀) inverse function.

Frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a)=T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)/T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a), wherein, T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be that Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal is through the transmitance of F-P etalon first signal passage, T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be that Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal is through the transmitance of F-P etalon secondary signal passage.The transmitance of two signalling channels of F-P etalon can be expressed as:

$T_{\mathrm{Ri}}(v_0+v_d,T_a)=h_i(v_0+v_d)\⊗f_L(v_0+v_d)\⊗f_{\mathrm{Ray}}(v_0+v_d,T_a)$

Wherein, f _L(v ₀+ v _d) be the Laser emission spectral line, h _i(v ₀+ v _d) be F-P etalon transmittance function, f _Ray(v ₀+ v _d, T) be Rayleigh back scattering broadening spectral line, T _aBe temperature, i=1,2 is two signalling channels,

The expression convolution.

T _L(v ₀)=a ₅I _Ls/ (a ₄I _Le), wherein, a ₅Be the calibration constants of the 5th detector in the Doppler anemometry laser receiver, I _LeBe the light intensity that the 5th detector detects, a ₄Be the calibration constants of the 4th detector in the receiver of Doppler anemometry laser radar, I _LsThe light intensity that detects for the 4th detector.The structure of Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver as shown in Figure 5, mainly comprise the first sensor 101, the second detector 102, the 3rd detector 103, the 4th detector 104 and the 5th detector 105, wherein, the 5th detector 105 is for detection of the light intensity I of reference light _Le, the 4th detector 104 sees through light intensity I behind the F-P etalon for detection of reference light _Ls

Step S24: the Doppler shift according to this detection direction calculates radially wind speed.

The radially wind speed of certain detection direction determines that by the Doppler shift of this detection direction radially the pass of wind speed and Doppler shift is:

I=1,2,3, wherein, i represents three detection directions, λ is optical maser wavelength.The radially wind speed that is certain detection direction is 1/2 of the product of the Doppler shift of this detection direction and optical maser wavelength.

After the step to each detection direction difference execution in step S21 to S24, just can determine the radially wind speed on three detection directions.

Step S3: in the three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance, calculate the angle between the X-axis positive dirction in the direction of the horizontal wind speed of atmospheric wind and atmospheric wind and the three-dimensional system of coordinate according to the radially wind speed of three detection directions.

After determining the radially wind speed of three detection directions, it is represented in the three-dimensional system of coordinate of setting up in advance respectively with form of vector that wherein, the size of vector represents the size of wind speed radially, the direction indication detection direction of vector.Afterwards, calculate the angle between the X-axis positive axis in the direction of the horizontal wind speed of atmospheric wind and atmospheric wind and this three-dimensional system of coordinate based on the trigonometric function formula.In the enforcement, the direction of can also be further determining atmospheric wind according to actual direction and the angle γ of X-axis positive axis representative.

Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of laser beam in a kind of three-dimensional system of coordinate disclosed by the invention, in this three-dimensional system of coordinate, take the due east direction as the X-axis positive dirction, take direct north as the Y-axis positive dirction, to point to zenith direction as the Z axis positive dirction.

The first detection direction r ₁Unit vector be: ${\stackrel{\→}{r}}_1={\sin \mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\·\stackrel{\→}{i}+\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\·\stackrel{\→}{j}+{\cos \mathrm{\φ}}_1\·\stackrel{\→}{k}.$ In the formula, θ ₁Be the first detection direction r ₁The position angle, φ ₁Be the first detection direction r ₁Zenith angle,

Be the unit vector of x direction,

Be the unit vector of y direction, Unit vector for the z direction.

By that analogy,

The second detection direction r ₂Unit vector be: ${\stackrel{\→}{r}}_2={\sin \mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\·\stackrel{\→}{i}+\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\·\stackrel{\→}{j}+\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\·\stackrel{\→}{k}.$ Wherein, θ ₂Be the second detection direction r ₂The position angle, φ ₂Be the second detection direction r ₂Zenith angle.

The 3rd detection direction r ₃Unit vector be: ${\stackrel{\→}{r}}_3={\sin \mathrm{\φ}}_3\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_3\·\stackrel{\→}{i}+\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_3\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_3\·\stackrel{\→}{j}+\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_3\·\stackrel{\→}{k}.$ θ wherein ₃Be the 3rd detection direction r ₃The position angle, φ ₃Be the 3rd detection direction r ₃Zenith angle.Because the 3rd detection direction r ₃For vertically upward, therefore, θ ₂And φ ₃Be 0 °.

Suppose that horizontal wind vector is: $\stackrel{\→}{V}=V_x\·\stackrel{\→}{i}+V_y\·\stackrel{\→}{j}+V_z\·\stackrel{\→}{k},$ Then three radially wind speed be:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_{r1}=V_x\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1+V_y\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1+V_z\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\\ V_{r2}=V_x\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2+V_y\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2+V_z\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\\ V_{r3}=V_x\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_3\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_3+V_y\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_3\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_3+V_z\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_3\end{array}\right.$

Can try to achieve:

$V_x=\frac{V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}-\frac{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}$

$\×\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}{\left({\sin \mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}$

$V_y=\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}.$

Angle in the horizontal wind speed size of atmospheric envelope wind field and wind field direction and the three-dimensional system of coordinate between the X-axis positive axis is respectively:

$V_h=\sqrt{V_x^2+V_y^2}$

γ＝arctan(V _x/V _y)+π{1-sign[(V _y+|V _y|)·V _x]} V _y≠0

Certainly, three-dimensional system of coordinate can adopt various ways, and is not limited to above-mentioned disclosed form.Preferably, the positive axis take the direction of pointing to zenith as Z axis as the positive axis of X-axis and the positive axis of Y-axis, at this moment, can reduce definite V with both direction adjacent in due south, Zheng Bei, due east and the positive Xisi direction _xAnd V _yCalculated amount.

In the above-mentioned disclosed atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level of the present invention, atmospheric wind is being carried out in the refutation process, only by Doppler anemometry laser radar three direction of measurement are carried out the Doppler shift test, calculate respectively afterwards the radially wind speed of all directions, finally determine horizontal wind speed and the direction of atmospheric wind according to the radially wind speed of three measurement directions, owing to only need to measure the Doppler shift of three direction of measurement in the whole atmospheric wind refutation process, compare with the Doppler shift of measuring the four measuring direction in the prior art, shorten Measuring Time, thereby improved temporal resolution.

In the enforcement, in the process of the Doppler shift that calculates certain detection direction, temperature T _aCan adopt model temperature, the standard temperature that this model temperature is habitually practised by those skilled in the art, but atmospheric temperature is subject to the impact of several factors, so model temperature possible there is some difference with being detected atmospheric actual temperature.In order further to improve the accuracy of atmospheric wind data, preferably be detected atmospheric observed temperature among the present invention as the parameter that calculates Doppler shift.

Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is the process flow diagram of determining to be detected the method for atmospheric envelope observed temperature among the present invention.Comprise:

Step S101: the photon number N (z) that measures the Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal that comes from the 3rd detection direction that receives.

After Doppler anemometry laser radar receives the Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal that comes from the 3rd detection method, measure the photon number of this echoed signal by photon counting detector, be designated as N (z).

Step S102: calculate described atmospheric atmospheric density ρ (z) according to this photon number.

Laser radar equation is:

$N\left(z\right)=\frac{c_q\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}{z^2}\exp [-2\underset{0}{\overset{z}{\∫}}\mathrm{\σ}\left(z^{\′}\right)\mathrm{dz}]---\left(5\right)$

In formula (5), c _qBe system constants, ρ (z) is atmospheric density, and σ (z) is atmospheric extinction coefficient, and N (z) is photon number.

At high and medium, the extinction coefficient of atmosphere is very little, and then formula (5) can be reduced to

Get certain height z ₀Be reference altitude, can get:

$N\left(z_0\right)=\frac{c_q\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z_0\right)}{z^2}---\left(6\right)$

Simultaneous formula (5) and formula (6) can be tried to achieve the atmospheric density profile:

$\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)=\frac{N\left(z\right)z^2\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z_0\right)}{N\left(z_0\right){z_0}^2}---\left(7\right)$

In formula (7), the height of z for surveying, z ₀Be the reference altitude of setting, ρ (z ₀) be the density at reference altitude place in the atmospheric envelope, N (z ₀) be the photon number that receives from reference altitude, the photon number of N (z) for receiving from surveying At The Height.

Step S103: calculate the actual temperature T (z) that is detected At The Height in the atmospheric envelope according to atmospheric density.

Equation for ideal gases is:

pV＝mRT/M＝nRT (8)

In formula (8), p is state parameter pressure, and V is volume, and m is quality, and M is molal weight, and R is gas constant, and T is absolute temperature, and n is amount of substance.

$P\left(z\right)=\underset{z}{\overset{\∝}{\∫}}\mathrm{\ρgdz}---\left(9\right)$

The air pressure at formula (9) expression height z place equals the suffered gravity of unit area gas column from this height to aeropause.

With formula (7) substitution formula (8) and formula (9), can be in the hope of atmosphere temperature profile T (z):

$T\left(z\right)=T\left(z_0\right)\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z_0\right)}{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}\frac{M\left(z\right)}{M\left(z_0\right)}+\frac{M\left(z\right)}{R}{\∫}_z^{z_0}\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z^{\′}\right)g\left(z^{\′}\right)}{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}{\mathrm{dz}}^{\′}---\left(10\right)$

Wherein, T (z ₀) be the atmospheric temperature in reference altitude place, M (z ₀) be the molal weight at reference altitude place in the atmospheric envelope, M (z) is for being detected the molal weight of At The Height in the atmospheric envelope, and R is gas law constant, and g (z) is acceleration of gravity.

After carrying out above-mentioned steps S101 to S103, can determine that atmospheric envelope is detected the observed temperature of At The Height, this observed temperature for the process of calculating Doppler shift, can be improved the precision of Doppler shift, finally improve the accuracy of atmospheric wind inverting data.

In the enforcement, as the zenith angle φ of the first detection direction ₁Zenith angle φ with the second detection direction ₂When very little, can increase telescopical installation difficulty in the Doppler anemometry laser radar, as the zenith angle φ of the first detection direction ₁Zenith angle φ with the second detection direction ₂When very large, higher to the energy requirement of laser instrument in the Doppler anemometry laser radar.Therefore, among the present invention φ can be set ₁And φ ₂Between 30 °～60 °, reduced telescopical installation difficulty on the one hand, also reduced on the other hand the requirement to energy of lasers.

Preferably, with φ ₁And φ ₂Be set to 30 °.

In addition, can adjust the first detection direction and the second detection direction, so that the first detection direction and the second detection direction be projected as two adjacent in due south, Zheng Bei, due east and the positive west of surface level, at this moment, V _xAnd V _yComputing formula be simplified, thereby in order to reduce the horizontal wind speed that calculates atmospheric wind and the operand of direction.

For example, in Fig. 3, at three-dimensional system of coordinate take Due South to as the X-axis positive dirction, take the due east direction as the Y-axis positive dirction, take the direction of pointing to zenith as the Z axis positive dirction, simultaneously, the azimuth angle theta of the first detection direction ₁Be 0 °, zenith angle φ ₁Be 30 °, the azimuth angle theta of the second detection direction ₂Be 90 °, zenith angle φ ₂Be 30 °, the azimuth angle theta of the 3rd detection direction ₃Be 0 °, zenith angle φ ₃It is 0 °.

Try to achieve, $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_x=2V_{r1}-\sqrt{3}{V}_{r3}\\ V_y=2V_{r2}-\sqrt{3}{V}_{r3}\\ V_z=V_{r3}\end{array}\right.$

Each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe in this instructions, and what each embodiment stressed is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.

To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be apparent concerning those skilled in the art, and General Principle as defined herein can in the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.

Claims (4)

1. an atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level is characterized in that, comprising:

Determine three detection directions, described three detection directions comprise the first detection direction, the second detection direction and the 3rd detection direction, and the zenith angle of described the first detection direction is φ ₁, its position angle is θ ₁, the zenith angle of described the second detection direction is φ ₂, its position angle is θ ₂, the zenith angle of described the 3rd detection direction is 0 °, wherein, and described θ ₁And θ ₂Differ 90 °, described φ ₁And φ ₂Identical, greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °;

Radially wind speed V on described the first detection direction of difference inverting _R1, the radially wind speed V on the second detection direction _R2With the radially wind speed V on the 3rd detection direction _R3, comprising:

Detection direction Emission Lasers signal in the atmospheric envelope;

Receive Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal;

Calculate the Doppler shift ν of described detection direction _d, ν _d=[R ^-1(ν ₀+ ν _d, T _a)-T _L ^-1(v ₀)], wherein, R ^-1(ν ₀+ ν _d, T _a) be frequency response function R (ν ₀+ ν _d, T _a) inverse function, T _L ^-1(v ₀) be T _L(v ₀) inverse function;

R (ν ₀+ ν _d, T _a)=T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)/T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a), wherein, described F-P etalon comprises: first signal passage, secondary signal passage and L signalling channel, T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be that Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal is through the transmitance of F-P etalon first signal passage, T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be that Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal is through the transmitance of F-P etalon secondary signal passage;

T _L(ν ₀)=a ₅I _Ls/ (a ₄I _Le), wherein, the Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver comprises the first detector, the second detector, the 3rd detector, the 4th detector and the 5th detector, wherein, the 5th detector is for detection of the light intensity I of reference light _Le, the 4th detector sees through light intensity I behind the F-P etalon for detection of reference light _Ls, a ₅Be the calibration constants of the 5th detector in the Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LeBe the light intensity that described the 5th detector detects, a ₄Be the calibration constants of the 4th detector in the described Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LsThe light intensity that detects for described the 4th detector;

According to the Doppler shift of described detection direction, calculate the radially wind speed of described detection direction;

Described temperature T _aBe observed temperature;

In the three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance, according to described V _R1, V _R2And V _R3Calculate the horizontal wind speed V of atmospheric wind _h, and the direction of described atmospheric wind and described three-dimensional system of coordinate in angle γ between the X-axis positive dirction.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance is take the due east direction as the X-axis positive dirction, take direct north as the Y-axis positive dirction, to point to zenith direction as the Z axis positive dirction, then

$V_h=\sqrt{V_x^2+V_y^2},$

$\mathrm{\γ}=\arctan (V_x/V_y)+\π\{1-\mathrm{sign}[(V_y+|V_y\left|\right)\·V_x\left]\right\},$ Wherein,

$V_x=\frac{V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}-\frac{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}$

$\×\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}$

$V_y=\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\right)}.$

3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, calculates in the Doppler shift process of described direction of measurement, determines that the process of described observed temperature comprises:

The photon number N (z) of the Rayleigh back scattering Received Signal that comes from described the 3rd detection direction that measurement receives;

Calculate described atmospheric atmospheric density ρ (z) according to described photon number,

Wherein, z ₀Be reference altitude, ρ (z ₀) be the density at reference altitude place in the described atmospheric envelope, N (z ₀) be the photon number at reference altitude place in the described atmospheric envelope;

Calculate the actual temperature T (z) that is detected At The Height in the described atmospheric envelope according to described atmospheric density,

$T\left(z\right)=T\left(z_0\right)\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z_0\right)}{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}\frac{M\left(z\right)}{M\left(z_0\right)}+\frac{M\left(z\right)}{R}{\∫}_z^{z_0}\frac{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z^{\′}\right)g\left(z^{\′}\right)}{\mathrm{\ρ}\left(z\right)}d{z}^{\′},$ Wherein, T (z ₀) be the atmospheric temperature in described reference altitude place, M (z ₀) be the molal weight at reference altitude place in the described atmospheric envelope, M (z) is for being detected the molal weight of At The Height in the described atmospheric envelope, and R is gas law constant, and g (z) is acceleration of gravity.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described φ ₁And φ ₂It is 30 °.

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