CN102508222A - Middle and upper atmospheric wind field retrieval method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a middle and upper atmospheric wind field retrieval method comprising the following steps of: determining three detecting directions, wherein the three detecting directions include a first detecting direction, a second detecting direction and a third detecting direction, the first detecting direction has the zenith angle being phi 1 and the azimuth angle being theta 1, the second detecting direction has the zenith angle being phi 2 and the azimuth angle being theta 2, the third detecting direction has the zenith angle being 0 DEG, the difference between theta 1 and theta 2 is equal to 90 DEG, and phi 1 and phi 2 are equal and are larger than 0 DEG and smaller than 90 DEG; respectively retrieving the radial wind speed Vr1 in the first detecting direction, the radial wind speed Vr2 in the second detecting direction and the radial wind speed Vr3 in the third detecting direction; and in a three-dimensional coordinate system which is constructed in advance, calculating the horizontal wind speed Vh of an atmospheric wind field and an angle gamma between the direction of the atmospheric wind field and the forward direction of the X-axis in the three-dimensional coordinate system according to Vr1,Vr2 and Vr3. According to the middle and upper atmospheric wind field retrieval method disclosed by the invention, the measuring time is shortened, and therefore, the time resolution is increased.

Description

A kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level

Technical field

The invention belongs to the laser radar technical field of detection, relate in particular to a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level.

Background technology

One of important parameter that atmospheric wind parameter on the middle and senior level is Space Physics research; Theory study in conjunction with space physics; Can disclose the physical phenomenon in space and interaction that includes and cause-effect relationship, atmospheric wind parameter on the middle and senior level all has application widely at aspects such as meteorological research, weather forecast, atmosphere environment supervision and national defence hi-techs simultaneously.

The laser-Doppler remote sensing survey has had the evolution of decades, and the Doppler measurement technology that is adopted comprises relevant (heterodyne) technology and incoherent technology.Wherein, incoherent technology to optical system less demanding, realize easily and process that its range of application also expands to the detection of molecular scattering.The Doppler shift that incoherent system utilizes atmospheric particles to produce directly obtains radial velocity and distributes, and be the best instrument of measuring atmospheric wind at present, and incoherent system has characteristics such as measuring accuracy height, resolution height and dimensional wind information.The means that direct reception (incoherent) laser radar is measured as atmospheric wind are generally adopted in the world at present.

Doppler anemometry laser radar radially single beam to survey what obtain be the radial component of horizontal wind field at this detection direction, under suitable scan mode, the multi-beam combination can inverting obtain dimensional wind.At present, Doppler anemometry laser radar adopts has the scan mode of fixed elevation and azimuthal four wave beams of same intervals, promptly adopts four wave beams to carry out the wind field inverting, and principle is as shown in Figure 1.

With the due east direction is X axle positive dirction; Direct north is a Y axle positive dirction; The direction of zenith is that Z axle positive dirction is set up coordinate system, and the launching elevation of laser is θ, surveys four wind fields radially respectively; Thereby the radially wind speed of inverting four corners of the world four direction, radially wind speed is meant the component value of actual wind speed on this direction of directed.The general provision direct north is 0 °, and east, south, west obtain radially wind speed V by being followed successively by 90 °, 180 ° and 360 ° clockwise _Ri

$V_{\mathrm{ri}}=v_{\mathrm{di}}\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{2}$ i＝N，S，E，W (1)

In the formula (1): v _DiBe Doppler shift, λ is an optical maser wavelength, can get according to geometric relationship:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_{\mathrm{rN}}=V_y\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\\ V_{\mathrm{rE}}=V_x\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\\ V_{\mathrm{rS}}=-V_y\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\\ V_{\mathrm{rW}}=-V_x\cos \mathrm{\θ}+V_z\sin \mathrm{\θ}\end{array}\right.---\left(2\right)$

Can get atmospheric wind through deriving at the component separately of x axle, y axle, z axle is:

$V_x=\frac{V_{\mathrm{rE}}-V_{\mathrm{rW}}}{2\cos \mathrm{\θ}}$ $V_y=\frac{V_{\mathrm{rN}}-V_{\mathrm{rS}}}{2\cos \mathrm{\θ}}$ $V_z=\frac{V_{\mathrm{rE}}+V_{\mathrm{rW}}+V_{\mathrm{rN}}+V_{\mathrm{rS}}}{4\sin \mathrm{\θ}}---\left(3\right)$

Horizontal wind speed size V then _hγ is respectively with direction:

$V_h=\sqrt{{\left(V_x\right)}^2+{\left(V_y\right)}^2}=\frac{1}{2\cos \mathrm{\θ}}{[{(V_{\mathrm{rE}}-V_{\mathrm{rW}})}^2+{(V_{\mathrm{rN}}-V_{\mathrm{rS}})}^2]}^{1/2}$ (4)

γ＝arctan(V _x/V _y)+π{1-sign[(V _y+|V _y|)·V _x]}V _y≠0

In traditional atmospheric wind inversion method; Need radially wind speed, in inverting radially in the process of wind speed, at first to a certain preset direction emission of atmospheric envelope laser signal through four direction in the Doppler anemometry laser radar inverting atmospheric envelope; Laser signal runs into atmospheric molecule and produces the Rayleigh back scattering; Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal is received, and confirms the Doppler shift on this direction according to the Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal of this direction afterwards, confirms the radially wind speed of this direction in the atmospheric envelope according to formula (1); In obtaining atmospheric envelope behind the radially wind speed of four preset directions, according to formula (3) and (4) calculated level wind speed size and Orientation.

In implementation process; Will be by means of the radially wind speed of four preset directions in Doppler anemometry laser radar atmospheric sounding layer successively; This causes the atmospheric wind Measuring Time longer; Reduced temporal resolution, temporal resolution is meant the adjacent twice wind field observation carried out at the same area or the minimum interval that forecasts the result.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level, can shorten the atmospheric wind test duration, improve temporal resolution.

For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme:

A kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level comprises:

Confirm three detection directions, three detection directions comprise first detection direction, second detection direction and the 3rd detection direction, and the zenith angle of said first detection direction is φ ₁, its position angle is θ ₁, the zenith angle of said second detection direction is φ ₂, its position angle is θ ₂, the zenith angle of said the 3rd detection direction is 0 °, wherein, and said θ ₁And θ ₂Differ 90 °, said φ ₁And φ ₂Identical, greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °;

Radially wind speed V on said first detection direction of difference inverting _R1, the radially wind speed V on second detection direction _R2With the radially wind speed V on the 3rd detection direction _R3

In the three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance, according to said V _R1, V _R2And V _R3Calculate the horizontal wind speed V of atmospheric wind _h, and the direction of said atmospheric wind and said three-dimensional system of coordinate in angle γ between the X axle positive dirction.

Preferably, in said method, the said three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance is X axle positive dirction, is Y axle positive dirction with the direct north, is Z axle positive dirction to point to zenith direction with the due east direction, then

$V_h=\sqrt{V_x^2+V_y^2},$

γ=arctan (V _x/ V _y)+π { 1-sign [(V _y+ | V _y|) V _x], wherein,

$V_x=\frac{V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}-\frac{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\φ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\θ}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\φ}}_2}$

$\&times;\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="HDA0000110056270000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}{\left({\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}$

$V_y=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="HDA0000110056270000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}.$

Preferably, in said method, the process of the radially wind speed of any detection direction of inverting comprises:

Detection direction emission laser signal in atmospheric envelope;

Receive Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal;

Calculate the Doppler shift v of said detection direction _d, v _d=[R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)-T _L ^-1(v ₀)], wherein, R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a) inverse function, T _L ^-1(v ₀) be T _L(v ₀) inverse function,

R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a)=T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)/T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a), wherein, T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal through F-P etalon first signalling channel, T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal through F-P etalon secondary signal passage,

T _L(v ₀)=a ₅I _Ls/ (a ₄I _Le), wherein, a ₅Be the calibration constants of the 5th detector in the Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LeBe the light intensity that said the 5th detector detects, a ₄Be the calibration constants of the 4th detector in the said Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LsThe light intensity that detects for said the 4th detector;

According to the Doppler shift of said detection direction, calculate the radially wind speed of said detection direction.

Preferably, in said method, calculate in the Doppler shift process of said direction of measurement said temperature T _aBe model temperature.

Preferably, in said method, calculate in the Doppler shift process of said direction of measurement said temperature T _aBe observed temperature;

The process of confirming said observed temperature comprises:

The photon number N (z) of the Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal that comes from said the 3rd detection direction that measurement receives;

Calculate said atmospheric atmospheric density ρ (z) according to said photon number,

Wherein, z ₀Be reference altitude, ρ (z ₀) be the density at reference altitude place in the said atmospheric envelope, N (z ₀) be the photon number at reference altitude place in the said atmospheric envelope;

Calculate the actual temperature T (z) that is highly located by detection in the said atmospheric envelope according to said atmospheric density,

$T\left(z\right)=T\left(z_0\right)\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z_0\right)}{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}\frac{M\left(z\right)}{M\left(z_0\right)}+\frac{M\left(z\right)}{R}{\&Integral;}_z^{z_0}\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)g\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)}{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}{\mathrm{Dz}}^{\&prime;},$ Wherein, T (z ₀) be the atmospheric temperature in said reference altitude place, M (z ₀) be the molal weight at reference altitude place in the said atmospheric envelope, M (z) is surveyed the highly molal weight at place in the said atmospheric envelope, and R is a gas law constant, and g (z) is an acceleration of gravity.

Preferably, in said method, said φ ₁And φ ₂It is 30 °.

This shows; Beneficial effect of the present invention is: in the atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level disclosed by the invention, atmospheric wind is being carried out in the refutation process, only through Doppler anemometry laser radar three direction of measurement are being carried out the Doppler shift test; Calculate the radially wind speed of all directions afterwards respectively; Finally confirm the horizontal wind speed and the direction of atmospheric wind,, compare with the Doppler shift of measuring the four measuring direction in the prior art owing to only need to measure the Doppler shift of three direction of measurement in the whole atmospheric wind refutation process according to the radially wind speed of three measurement directions; Shorten Measuring Time, thereby improved temporal resolution.

In addition, the present invention, adopts and is calculated Doppler shift by the observed temperature of atmospheric sounding layer radially in the process of wind speed in inverting, can further improve the accuracy of atmospheric wind data.

Description of drawings

In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art; To do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below; Obviously, the accompanying drawing in describing below is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills; Under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is existing four beam scanning synoptic diagram;

Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 3 is three beam scanning synoptic diagram disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of method of the radially wind speed of a detection direction of inverting disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of existing Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver;

Fig. 6 is the exploded view of laser beam in a kind of three-dimensional system of coordinate disclosed by the invention;

Fig. 7 is for confirming by the process flow diagram of the method for atmospheric sounding layer observed temperature among the present invention.

Embodiment

For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention clearer; To combine the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention below; Technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is carried out clear, intactly description; Obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills are not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the present invention's protection.

The invention discloses a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level, can shorten the atmospheric wind test duration, improve temporal resolution.Its ultimate principle is: atmospheric wind is being carried out in the refutation process; Only three direction of measurement are carried out the Doppler shift test through Doppler anemometry laser radar; Calculate the radially wind speed of all directions afterwards respectively; Finally confirm the horizontal wind speed and the direction of atmospheric wind,, compare with the Doppler shift of measuring the four measuring direction in the prior art owing to only need to measure the Doppler shift of three direction of measurement in the whole atmospheric wind refutation process according to the radially wind speed of three measurement directions; Shorten Measuring Time, thereby improved temporal resolution.

Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of a kind of atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level disclosed by the invention.Comprise:

Step S1: confirm three detection directions.

Three detection directions comprise first detection direction, second detection direction and the 3rd detection direction.Wherein, the zenith angle of first detection direction is φ ₁, its position angle is θ ₁, the zenith angle of second detection direction is φ ₂, its position angle is θ ₂, the zenith angle φ of the 3rd detection direction ₃It is 0 °.And, θ ₁And θ ₂Differ 90 °, φ ₁And φ ₂Identical, greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °.Promptly the 3rd detection direction is for vertically upward, and first detection direction and second detection direction are for obliquely, and first detection direction is at projection on the surface level and the projection quadrature of second detection direction on surface level.The synoptic diagram of this three wave beam sees also Fig. 3.

Step S2: the radially wind speed of three detection directions of difference inverting.

Utilize Doppler anemometry laser radar three detection directions to be carried out the process basically identical of radially wind speed inverting.Wherein, the process of the radially wind speed of a detection direction of inverting is as shown in Figure 4, comprising:

Step S21: detection direction emission laser signal in atmospheric envelope.

Step S22: receive Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal.

After laser signal runs into atmospheric molecule, can produce the Rayleigh back scattering, Doppler anemometry laser radar can receive this Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal.

Step S23: the Doppler shift v that calculates this detection direction _d

v _d=[R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)-T _L ^-1(v ₀)], wherein, v ₀Be Doppler shift, v ₀Be Laser emission frequency, R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a) inverse function, T _L ^-1(v ₀) be T _L(v ₀) inverse function.

Frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a)=T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)/T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a), wherein, T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal through F-P etalon first signalling channel, T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal through F-P etalon secondary signal passage.The transmitance of two signalling channels of F-P etalon can be expressed as:

$T_{\mathrm{Ri}}(v_0+v_d,T_a)=h_i(v_0+v_d)\&CircleTimes;f_L(v_0+v_d)\&CircleTimes;f_{\mathrm{Ray}}(v_0+v_d,T_a)$

Wherein, f _L(v ₀+ v _d) be the Laser emission spectral line, h _i(v ₀+ v _d) be F-P etalon transmittance function, f _Ray(v ₀+ v _d, T) be Rayleigh back scattering broadening spectral line, T _aBe temperature, i=1,2 is two signalling channels,

The expression convolution.

T _L(v ₀)=a ₅I _Ls/ (a ₄I _Le), wherein, a ₅Be the calibration constants of the 5th detector in the Doppler anemometry laser receiver, I _LeBe the light intensity that the 5th detector detects, a ₄Be the calibration constants of the 4th detector in the receiver of Doppler anemometry laser radar, I _LsThe light intensity that detects for the 4th detector.The structure of Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver is as shown in Figure 5; Mainly comprise first sensor 101, second detector 102, the 3rd detector 103, the 4th detector 104 and the 5th detector 105; Wherein, the 5th detector 105 is used to detect the light intensity I of reference light _Le, the 4th detector 104 is used to detect the light intensity I after reference light sees through the F-P etalon _Ls

Step S24: the Doppler shift according to this detection direction calculates radially wind speed.

The radially wind speed of certain detection direction is confirmed by the Doppler shift of this detection direction; Radially the relation of wind speed and Doppler shift is:

i=1; 2,3, wherein; I representes three detection directions, and λ is an optical maser wavelength.The radially wind speed that is certain detection direction is 1/2 of the product of the Doppler shift of this detection direction and optical maser wavelength.

After the step to each detection direction difference execution in step S21 to S24, just can confirm the radially wind speed on three detection directions.

Step S3: in the three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance, calculate the angle between the X axle positive dirction in direction and the three-dimensional system of coordinate of horizontal wind speed and atmospheric wind of atmospheric wind according to the radially wind speed of three detection directions.

After confirming the radially wind speed of three detection directions, it is represented in the three-dimensional system of coordinate of setting up in advance respectively with form of vector that wherein, the size of vector is represented the size of wind speed radially, the direction indication detection direction of vector.Afterwards, calculate the angle between the X axle positive axis in direction and this three-dimensional system of coordinate of horizontal wind speed and atmospheric wind of atmospheric wind based on the trigonometric function formula.In the enforcement, the direction of can also be further confirming atmospheric wind according to the actual direction and the angle γ of X axle positive axis representative.

Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of laser beam in a kind of three-dimensional system of coordinate disclosed by the invention, in this three-dimensional system of coordinate, is X axle positive dirction, is Y axle positive dirction with the direct north, is Z axle positive dirction to point to zenith direction with the due east direction.

The first detection direction r ₁Unit vector be: ${\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{r}}_1={\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{i}+\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{j}+{\mathrm{Cos}\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{k}.$ In the formula, θ ₁Be the first detection direction r ₁The position angle, φ ₁Be the first detection direction r ₁Zenith angle,

Be the unit vector of x direction,

Be the unit vector of y direction,

Unit vector for the z direction.

By that analogy,

The second detection direction r ₂Unit vector be: ${\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{r}}_2={\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{i}+\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{j}+\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{k}.$ Wherein, θ ₂Be the second detection direction r ₂The position angle, φ ₂Be the second detection direction r ₂Zenith angle.

The 3rd detection direction r ₃Unit vector be: ${\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{r}}_3={\mathrm{Sin}\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{i}+\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\mathrm{Sin}{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{j}+\mathrm{Cos}{\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{k}.$ θ wherein ₃Be the 3rd detection direction r ₃The position angle, φ ₃Be the 3rd detection direction r ₃Zenith angle.Because the 3rd detection direction r ₃For vertically upward, therefore, θ ₂And φ ₃Be 0 °.

Suppose that horizontal wind vector is: $\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{V}=V_x\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{i}+V_y\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{j}+V_z\&CenterDot;\stackrel{\&RightArrow;}{k},$ Then three radially wind speed be:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_{r1}=V_x\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1+V_y\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1+V_z\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\\ V_{r2}=V_x\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2+V_y\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2+V_z\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\\ {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="HDA0000110056270000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r=V_x\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3+V_y\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_3+V_z\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_3\end{array}\right.$

Can try to achieve:

$V_x=\frac{V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}-\frac{\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}$

$\&times;\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="HDA0000110056270000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}{\left({\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}$

$V_y=\frac{({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="HDA0000110056270000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}.$

Angle in the horizontal wind speed size of atmospheric envelope wind field and wind field direction and the three-dimensional system of coordinate between the X axle positive axis is respectively:

$V_h=\sqrt{V_x^2+V_y^2}$

γ＝arctan(V _x/V _y)+π{1-sign[(V _y+|V _y|)·V _x]} V _y≠0

Certainly, three-dimensional system of coordinate can adopt various ways, and is not limited to above-mentioned disclosed form.Preferably, be the positive axis of Z axle with the direction of pointing to zenith,, at this moment, can reduce and confirm V as the positive axis of X axle and the positive axis of Y axle with both direction adjacent in due south, Zheng Bei, due east and the positive Xisi direction _xAnd V _yCalculated amount.

In the above-mentioned disclosed atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level of the present invention; Atmospheric wind is being carried out in the refutation process; Only three direction of measurement are carried out the Doppler shift test, calculate the radially wind speed of all directions afterwards respectively, finally confirm the horizontal wind speed and the direction of atmospheric wind according to the radially wind speed of three measurement directions through Doppler anemometry laser radar; Owing to only need to measure the Doppler shift of three direction of measurement in the whole atmospheric wind refutation process; Compare with the Doppler shift of measuring the four measuring direction in the prior art, shortened Measuring Time, thereby improved temporal resolution.

In the enforcement, in the process of the Doppler shift that calculates certain detection direction, temperature T _aCan adopt model temperature, the standard temperature that this model temperature is habitually practised by those skilled in the art, but atmospheric temperature receives the influence of several factors, so model temperature is with possible there is some difference by the actual temperature of atmospheric sounding layer.In order further to improve the accuracy of atmospheric wind data, among the present invention preferably by the observed temperature of atmospheric sounding layer as the parameter that calculates Doppler shift.

Referring to Fig. 7, Fig. 7 is for confirming by the process flow diagram of the method for atmospheric sounding layer observed temperature among the present invention.Comprise:

Step S101: the photon number N (z) that measures the Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal that comes from the 3rd detection direction that receives.

After Doppler anemometry laser radar received the Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal that comes from the 3rd detection method, the photon number through this echoed signal of photon counting detector measurement was designated as N (z).

Step S102: calculate said atmospheric atmospheric density ρ (z) according to this photon number.

Laser radar equation is:

$N\left(z\right)=\frac{c_q\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}{z^2}\exp [-2\underset{0}{\overset{z}{\&Integral;}}\mathrm{\&sigma;}\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)\mathrm{dz}]---\left(5\right)$

In formula (5), c _qBe system constants, ρ (z) is an atmospheric density, and σ (z) is an atmospheric extinction coefficient, and N (z) is a photon number.

At high and medium, the extinction coefficient of atmosphere is very little, and then formula (5) can be reduced to

Get certain height z ₀Be reference altitude, can get:

$N\left(z_0\right)=\frac{c_q\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z_0\right)}{z^2}---\left(6\right)$

Simultaneous formula (5) and formula (6) can be tried to achieve the atmospheric density profile:

$\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)=\frac{N\left(z\right)z^2\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z_0\right)}{N\left(z_0\right){z_0}^2}---\left(7\right)$

In formula (7), the height of z for surveying, z ₀Be the reference altitude of setting, ρ (z ₀) be the density at reference altitude place in the atmospheric envelope, N (z ₀) be the photon number that receives from reference altitude, N (z) is the photon number that highly receives from surveying.

Step S103: calculate the actual temperature T (z) that is highly located by detection in the atmospheric envelope according to atmospheric density.

Equation for ideal gases is:

pV＝mRT/M＝nRT (8)

In formula (8), p is a state parameter pressure, and V is a volume, and m is a quality, and M is a molal weight, and R is a gas constant, and T is an absolute temperature, and n is an amount of substance.

$P\left(z\right)=\underset{z}{\overset{\&Proportional;}{\&Integral;}}\mathrm{\&rho;gdz}---\left(9\right)$

The air pressure at formula (9) expression height z place equals the suffered gravity of unit area gas column from this height to aeropause.

With formula (7) substitution formula (8) and formula (9), can be in the hope of atmospheric temperature profile T (z):

$T\left(z\right)=T\left(z_0\right)\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z_0\right)}{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}\frac{M\left(z\right)}{M\left(z_0\right)}+\frac{M\left(z\right)}{R}{\&Integral;}_z^{z_0}\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)g\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)}{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}{\mathrm{dz}}^{\&prime;}---\left(10\right)$

Wherein, T (z ₀) be the atmospheric temperature in reference altitude place, M (z ₀) be the molal weight at reference altitude place in the atmospheric envelope, M (z) is surveyed the highly molal weight at place in the atmospheric envelope, and R is a gas law constant, and g (z) is an acceleration of gravity.

After carrying out above-mentioned steps S101 to S103, can confirm that atmospheric envelope surveyed the observed temperature of highly locating, this observed temperature is used to calculate the process of Doppler shift, can improve the precision of Doppler shift, finally improve the accuracy of atmospheric wind inverting data.

In the enforcement, as the zenith angle φ of first detection direction ₁Zenith angle φ with second detection direction ₂When very little, can increase telescopical installation difficulty in the Doppler anemometry laser radar, as the zenith angle φ of first detection direction ₁Zenith angle φ with second detection direction ₂When very big, higher to the energy requirement of laser instrument in the Doppler anemometry laser radar.Therefore, among the present invention φ can be set ₁And φ ₂Between 30 °～60 °, reduced telescopical installation difficulty on the one hand, also reduced requirement on the other hand to energy of lasers.

Preferably, with φ ₁And φ ₂Be set to 30 °.

In addition, can adjust first detection direction and second detection direction, make win detection direction and second detection direction be projected as two adjacent in due south, Zheng Bei, due east and the positive west of surface level, at this moment, V _xAnd V _yComputing formula be simplified, thereby in order to reduce the horizontal wind speed that calculates atmospheric wind and the operand of direction.

For example, in Fig. 3, at three-dimensional system of coordinate with Due South to being X axle positive dirction, being Y axle positive dirction, being Z axle positive dirction with the direction of pointing to zenith with the due east direction, simultaneously, the azimuth angle theta of first detection direction ₁Be 0 °, zenith angle φ ₁Be 30 °, the azimuth angle theta of second detection direction ₂Be 90 °, zenith angle φ ₂Be 30 °, the azimuth angle theta of the 3rd detection direction ₃Be 0 °, zenith angle φ ₃It is 0 °.

Try to achieve, $\left\{\begin{array}{c}{V}_x=2V_{r1}-\sqrt{3}{V}_{r3}\\ V_y=2V_{r2}-\sqrt{3}{V}_{r3}\\ V_z={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="V\; r"\; filenames="HDA0000110056270000012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_r\end{array}\right.$

Each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe in this instructions, and what each embodiment stressed all is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.

To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments among this paper.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this paper, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.

Claims (6)

1. an atmospheric wind inversion method on the middle and senior level is characterized in that, comprising:

Confirm three detection directions, said three detection directions comprise first detection direction, second detection direction and the 3rd detection direction, and the zenith angle of said first detection direction is φ ₁, its position angle is θ ₁, the zenith angle of said second detection direction is φ ₂, its position angle is θ ₂, the zenith angle of said the 3rd detection direction is 0 °, wherein, and said θ ₁And θ ₂Differ 90 °, said φ ₁And φ ₂Identical, greater than 0 ° and less than 90 °;

Radially wind speed V on said first detection direction of difference inverting _R1, the radially wind speed V on second detection direction _R2With the radially wind speed V on the 3rd detection direction _R3

In the three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance, according to said V _R1, V _R2And V _R3Calculate the horizontal wind speed V of atmospheric wind _h, and the direction of said atmospheric wind and said three-dimensional system of coordinate in angle γ between the X axle positive dirction.

2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said three-dimensional system of coordinate that makes up in advance is X axle positive dirction, is Y axle positive dirction with the direct north, is Z axle positive dirction to point to zenith direction with the due east direction, then

$V_h=\sqrt{V_x^2+V_y^2},$

γ=arctan (V _x/ V _y)+π { 1-sign [(V _y+ | V _y|) V _x], wherein,

$V_x=\frac{V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}-\frac{\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}{\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2}$

$\&times;\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}{\left({\sin \mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}$

$V_y=\frac{(V_{r3}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1})(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)+(V_{r2}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-V_{r1}\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}{\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)-(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_2\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1-\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\sin {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_2)\left(\sin {\mathrm{\&phi;}}_1\cos {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_1\right)}.$

3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the process of the radially wind speed of any detection direction of inverting comprises:

Detection direction emission laser signal in atmospheric envelope;

Receive Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal;

Calculate the Doppler shift v of said detection direction _d, v _d=[R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)-T _L ^-1(v ₀)], wherein, R ^-1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be frequency response function R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a) inverse function, T _L ^-1(v ₀) be T _L(v ₀) inverse function,

R (v ₀+ v _d, T _a)=T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a)/T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a), wherein, T _R1(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal through F-P etalon first signalling channel, T _R2(v ₀+ v _d, T _a) be the transmitance of Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal through F-P etalon secondary signal passage,

T _L(v ₀)=a ₅I _Ls/ (a ₄I _Le), wherein, a ₅Be the calibration constants of the 5th detector in the Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LeBe the light intensity that said the 5th detector detects, a ₄Be the calibration constants of the 4th detector in the said Doppler anemometry laser radar receiver, I _LsThe light intensity that detects for said the 4th detector;

According to the Doppler shift of said detection direction, calculate the radially wind speed of said detection direction.

4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, calculates in the Doppler shift process of said direction of measurement said temperature T _aBe model temperature.

5. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, calculates in the Doppler shift process of said direction of measurement said temperature T _aBe observed temperature;

The process of confirming said observed temperature comprises:

The photon number N (z) of the Rayleigh back scattering atmosphere echoed signal that comes from said the 3rd detection direction that measurement receives;

Calculate said atmospheric atmospheric density ρ (z) according to said photon number,

Wherein, z ₀Be reference altitude, ρ (z ₀) be the density at reference altitude place in the said atmospheric envelope, N (z ₀) be the photon number at reference altitude place in the said atmospheric envelope;

Calculate the actual temperature T (z) that is highly located by detection in the said atmospheric envelope according to said atmospheric density,

$T\left(z\right)=T\left(z_0\right)\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z_0\right)}{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}\frac{M\left(z\right)}{M\left(z_0\right)}+\frac{M\left(z\right)}{R}{\&Integral;}_z^{z_0}\frac{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)g\left(z^{\&prime;}\right)}{\mathrm{\&rho;}\left(z\right)}{\mathrm{Dz}}^{\&prime;},$ Wherein, T (z ₀) be the atmospheric temperature in said reference altitude place, M (z ₀) be the molal weight at reference altitude place in the said atmospheric envelope, M (z) is surveyed the highly molal weight at place in the said atmospheric envelope, and R is a gas law constant, and g (z) is an acceleration of gravity.

6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said φ ₁And φ ₂It is 30 °.

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