CN102507513A - Photoelectric probe for detecting laser plasma and use method of photoelectric probe - Google Patents
Photoelectric probe for detecting laser plasma and use method of photoelectric probe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photoelectric probe for detecting laser plasma. The photoelectric probe comprises photoconductive fiber, a sealed cavity and conductive wires; the photoconductive fiber is led out from the sealed cavity; an optical probe with a hollow tube is arranged at a centre position at the other end of the sealed cavity; an electric probe is arranged at the position parallel to the position of the optical probe; the electric probe is a tungsten rod; a ceramic wrapping layer is arranged at the outer periphery of the tungsten rod; and the front end part of the tungsten rod is an exposed tungsten electrode of 2-5 mm. A use method of the photoelectric probe comprises the following steps of: processing the acquired spectral signals, labeling exciting elements of each exciting line of a spectrum chart, and calculating a plasma temperature by using a Boltzmann chart method or relative light intensity method; analyzing and calculating the plasma temperature according to a plasma sheath theory based on electric signals; and performing mutual comparison and confirmation. According to the photoelectric probe and the use methodprovided by the invention, an optical detection method and an electrical detection method can be organically combined, so that the multidimensional photoelectric information synchronous detection with high spatial and temporal revolution is carried out on the plasma in the laser welding process; moreover, the photoelectric probe can also be used for detecting a volatile plasma dynamic process and arc plasma.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to the pick-up unit of Laser Welding (LBW) testing process, relate in particular to the photoelectricity probe and the method for application thereof of laser plasma volume property in a kind of detection laser weldering process.
Background technology
Laser Welding (LBW) technology is as the important branch of laser processing technology, and is high with its energy density, and the sweating heat input is little, welds fast advantages of higher and comes into one's own day by day.In laser welding processes, can produce photo plasma, also claiming has material impact to welding process by laser plasma, even can determine the success or not of welding.Laser plasma is inner, and evaporation of metal can take place, and the radiation of energy, scattering and absorption produce shielding action to laser, directly affect welding process.Application purpose of the present invention is exactly the exploring laser light plasma, and understanding laser plasma internal action mechanism and character help to implement the quality monitoring to laser welding processes.
In laser processing procedure, to the diagnosis of laser plasma and the method and the means that detect aspects such as mainly sound, electric, light and spectrum, sound and optic signal comparatively is fit to the macroscopic view detection; Electric signal is then used less.Wherein the spectroscopic diagnostics method is one of main method that detects plasma internal state and variation thereof, is used widely with the characteristics that its noncontact, information multidimensional are enriched, and is wherein more commonly used with the detection of radiation spectrum again.The light probe that utilizes long straight tubule to make carries out plasma spectrometry and detects, and is a kind of means of spectral detection preferably, and existing relevant application (Zhiyong Li; Lijun Yang, Ying Gao, et al..Analysis of the hybrid pulsed MAG-YAG laser plasma with synchronization of multiple signals [J]; Journal of Laser Applications; 2010, Vol.22 Iss3,106～110).
But the plasma spectrometry diagnosis also receives some factor affecting.At first, the collection of spectral signal has very high accuracy requirement to aspects such as collection position, angle, optic path, and testing conditions changes slightly and will cause very big data error, influences the consistance and the accuracy of testing result.Secondly, there is certain wave phenomenon in the laser plasma of laser welding processes, though present spectrum detection device can detect this transient process, yet need post-processed, be unfavorable for real-time laser welding processes quality monitoring.
Utilizing electric probe to detect aspect the plasma, using the extensivelyst with the Langmuir probe, this is a kind of active probe, is fit to the detection of steady-state plasma.The present invention intends and adopts the passive electrical detecting probe method, can the real-time detection plasma temperature, and the precedent (Fu Yuwen that uses on the also existing arc-plasma of passive electrical detecting probe method; Hu Shengsun is prone to holt, etc. Signal detection of plasma cloud and analysis of Influential Factors [J]; The welding journal; 2003.10, the 24th the 5th phase of volume, 29～32).
The present invention organically combines passive electrical detecting probe method and light probe method; To laser plasma cloud (laser plasma outside the molten bath); Spectral signal and electric signal synchronous real-time detect, and explication de texte is carried out in the variation to laser plasma state and state thereof on time and space.Light probe can be surveyed the plasma signal of very little part, and optical probe scanning detects and can carry out whole detection; The passive electrical probe can the real-time detection plasma temperature.The present invention is mainly towards the Laser Welding (LBW) photo plasma with certain undulatory property; Electrical signal detection can reflect variation of temperature in the plasma in real time; Be important time reference, study the abundant information content of spectral detection on this basis, photosignal contrasts each other; Realization detects the real-time process of laser plasma than high-spatial and temporal resolution, and is significant for laser welding processes quality monitoring.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is; In spectrum of laser plasma when diagnosis that overcomes prior art, cause because laser plasma exists certain wave phenomenon to be unfavorable for the defective of real-time quality monitoring when receiving some factor affecting, and a kind of probe-type photoelectric detection system and method for application thereof of light probe being carried out the synchronous real-time detection with the electric probe combination, to the photosignal of laser plasma cloud (laser plasma outside the molten bath) is provided.
The present invention is achieved through following technical scheme.
A kind of photoelectricity probe of detection laser plasma; Comprise light transmitting fiber, closed chamber and lead; It is characterized in that; Said light transmitting fiber is drawn by closed chamber, and the center of the other end of closed chamber is provided with the light probe of hollow tube, and the light signal of light probe collection outputs to spectrometer by light transmitting fiber after getting into closed chamber through hollow tube; Parallel position with the adjacent 1～20mm of light probe is provided with electric probe, and electric probe can be rotated adjusting around light probe, and the termination lead is drawn electric signal behind the electric probe; Said electric probe is a tungsten bar, and its length is 50～100mm, diameter 1～2mm, and the periphery of tungsten bar is provided with ceramic integument, and the leading section of tungsten bar is exposed tungsten electrode, and the length of exposed tungsten electrode is 2～5mm; The length of said closed chamber is 50～60mm, internal diameter 5～15mm; The extension elongation of said light probe is 30～50mm, and internal diameter is no more than 1.5mm, and outside dimension is convenient to install and is got final product.
Said closed chamber is a cylindrical shape, has certain intensity, the distortion of the optical signal transmission that do not make a difference in the use.
The method of application of the photoelectricity probe of detection laser plasma has following steps:
(1) detects preceding the preparation: optical fiber is connected with spectrometer; The electric probe lead is connected with data acquisition circuit; Data acquisition circuit comprises signal processing circuit and data collecting card, and spectrometer and data collecting card are connected to computing machine, the information that both gather by the computing machine Unified Treatment;
(2) the photoelectricity probe need add stationary installation, guarantees that the probe location adjustment process is steady, unstability does not take place rock; According to the particular location of the laser plasma cloud of being surveyed, aim at sensing point in the three-dimensional adjustment, probe will keep level, over against target; Electric probe should go deep into the laser plasma cloud fully with exposing tungsten electrode, and is identical to guarantee that electric probe is surveyed condition, detects the voltage between plasma and the workpiece;
(3) select proper laser weldering parameter, light probe and plasma distance are confirmed by the plasma light intensity, are no more than spectrometer intensity range to guarantee the maximum optical spectral intensity that collects; Light probe is gathered light signal and is sent to spectrometer, and electric probe is gathered electric signal and is sent to data collecting card, and the synchronous acquisition of photosignal is accomplished by computing machine with processing; Laser Welding (LBW) parameter range of choice: laser power >=500W, defocusing amount-5～5mm, speed of welding and shield gas flow rate can be confirmed as the case may be; Light probe and laser plasma cloud edge keep the above distance of 10mm.
When (4) signals collecting begins; Computing machine receives the voltage signal of electric probe sensor, transforms to be stored in the computing machine, and simultaneity factor is exported the TTL pulse signal that a class frequency is 1～100Hz; When spectrometer receives the rising edge of trigger pip; Begin to gather spectroscopic data, and behind 2～50ms, accomplish and gather, its data are sent to computing machine and obtain a width of cloth spectrum spectrogram through corresponding spectrometer software; Accurate for guaranteeing trigger pip, acquisition system is carried out back production with trigger pip simultaneously in acquired signal, forms the closed-loop system that cover trigger pip output and signal back production detect; Through signals collecting after a while; Can obtain series of voltage signal and spectrum spectrogram; Voltage acquisition can obtain volt-time coordinate figure, and the spectral signal collection can obtain light intensity-wavelength coordinate diagram, and both can compare with reference to TTL time pulse signal sequence; It is corresponding to realize both, and it is synchronous to reach photosignal.
Said step (2) can be regulated stationary installation level, vertical direction to change the photoelectricity probe location according to different testing goals, detects the plasma photosignal characteristic of diverse location.
Should be noted that: plasma temperature is the parameter of a macroscopic concept, and its intension should comprise parameters such as electron temperature and the ion temperature of plasma internal particle.Under equilibrium condition, electron temperature, ion temperature are consistent with plasma temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows; Can light be detected with the electro-detection method and organically combine, the laser welding processes plasma is carried out the multidimensional optoelectronic information synchronous detection of high-spatial and temporal resolution, the information that the comprehensive utilization light probe detects spectrum is meticulous abundant; Electric probe detects the then good characteristics of real-time; Not only can be used for the detection of the comparatively stable plasma of process, also can be used for having the detection of the plasma dynamic process of undulatory property, can also be used for the detection of arc-plasma.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a photoelectricity probe structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a synchronous acquisition system sequence schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is a laser plasma cloud spatial detection grid dividing synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is Photoelectric Detection theoretical principle figure;
Fig. 5 is a photosignal synchronous acquisition system architecture;
Fig. 6 is the photosignal that synchronous acquisition arrives
Description of reference numerals:
1---light transmitting fiber 2---lead
3---closed chamber 4---light probe
The ceramic integument of 5---electric probes (tungsten bar) 6---
7---exposed tungsten electrode
Embodiment
The structure of detection laser plasma light electric probe of the present invention is shown in accompanying drawing 1; The hollow tube that diameter is 1mm is as light probe 4; Its internal diameter is 0.6～0.8mm, and light probe 4 extension elongations are 30～50mm, and it is that the tungsten bar of 1～2mm is as electric probe 5 that a diameter is arranged in its adjacent position; 6 insulating effects of its surface spraying one deck pottery integument; Coated length is 50～100mm, and it is that 2～5mm tungsten bar exposed metal/bare metal partly is exposed tungsten electrode 7 that a length is arranged in its end, and this part will stretch into laser plasma and survey.Exposed tungsten electrode 7 is drawn from the tungsten bar other end electric signal that detects by lead 2, light signal gets into closed chamber 3 through hollow tube, sends spectrometer or electrooptical device to by light transmitting fiber 1.The length of closed chamber 3 is 50～60mm, is cylindrical shape, and its internal diameter 5～15mm has certain intensity, is convenient to the distortion of the optical signal transmission that do not make a difference in the use is installed.The present invention adopts the design of photoelectricity probe separates, and electric probe 5 is parallel with light probe 4, and relative distance is 1～20mm, and electric probe 5 can be rotated adjusting around light probe 4, convenient adjustment electrical signal collection position; The plasma cloud signal that light probe 4 is gathered does not receive the interference of electric probe 5, has improved the accuracy of spectra collection signal.
The method of application of detection laser plasma light electric probe of the present invention is following.
Before detecting beginning, optical fiber is connected with spectrometer, the electric probe lead is connected with data acquisition circuit, and data acquisition circuit comprises signal processing circuit and data collecting card, and spectrometer and data acquisition card connection computing machine are carried out data acquisition preliminary work.The photoelectricity probe need add stationary installation when using, and guarantees that the probe location adjustment process is steady, unstability does not take place rock.According to the particular location of the laser plasma cloud of being surveyed, can aim at sensing point in the three-dimensional adjustment, probe need keep level when using, over against target, in order to avoid survey distortion.Electric probe need go deep into the plasma cloud internal measurement, should go deep into plasma fully with exposing tungsten electrode during use, and is identical to guarantee that electric probe is surveyed condition, detects the voltage between plasma and the workpiece.
Select proper laser weldering parameter according to requirement of experiment, Laser Welding (LBW) parameter range of choice: laser power >=500W, defocusing amount-5～5mm, speed of welding and shield gas flow rate can be confirmed as the case may be; Light probe and laser plasma cloud edge keep the above distance of 10mm, are no more than spectrometer intensity range to guarantee the maximum optical spectral intensity that collects.When signals collecting begins; Computing machine receives the voltage signal of electric probe sensor; Conversion is stored in the computing machine, and simultaneity factor is exported the TTL pulse signal that a class frequency is 1～100Hz, when spectrometer receives the rising edge of trigger pip; Begin to gather spectroscopic data, and completion collects a width of cloth spectrum spectrogram behind 2～50ms.Accurate for guaranteeing trigger pip, acquisition system is carried out back production with trigger pip simultaneously in acquired signal, forms the closed-loop system that cover trigger pip output and signal back production detect.Signals collecting through after a while can obtain series of voltage signal and spectrum spectrogram, and both can compare with reference to TTL time pulse signal sequence, and it is corresponding to realize both, and it is synchronous to reach photosignal.The synchronous acquisition principle is as shown in Figure 2.
According to the different experiments purpose, regulate stationary installation level, vertical direction to change the photoelectricity probe location, detect the plasma photosignal of diverse location.
When light probe detected, electric probe detected adjacent volume element, and for example shown in Figure 3, light probe detects with X
0During volume element, electric probe can detect X
1～X
8One of volume element, the relative space position of volume element to be detected are selected to avoid the phase mutual interference.Utilize electric probe and spectral detection plasma parameter such as calculating plasma temperature as a result more respectively, contrast checking each other.In the test of this step of diverse location repetition, comprehensively the data research laser plasma Temperature Distribution of each position and the space characteristics of mass distribution are confirmed the rational relative position of light probe and electric probe.
The electron temperature even the ion temperature of inner certain volume element of electric probe check and analysis plasma, real-time is good; The spectral information of the adjacent volume element of light probe synchronous detection, analytical calculation plasma temperature and density.The volume element that photoelectricity probe synchronous detection is adjacent; Can distinguish the calculating plasma temperature, according to the character of LTE state plasma, the temperature that both calculate is answered basically identical; Contrast each other; Each other checking is explored the relation between the two and the rule of the plasmoid that reflects, can be to the check and analysis of the plasma under the surging condition.This detection spatially comprises two aspects: the one, to the time detecting of fixed volume unit state variation; The 2nd, position scanning is to the Photoelectric Detection of different volumes unit.
The know-why of Photoelectric Detection is shown in accompanying drawing 4, but emphasis of the present invention is the synchronous detection of photosignal
For spectral signal, the spectral signal that collects is handled, each exciting line of nominal light spectrogram excite element, re-use Boltzmann figure method or relative light intensity method calculating plasma temperature commonly used.Can be for electric signal according to plasma sheath theoretical analysis and calculation plasma temperature.Both distinguish accounting temperature, contrast confirmation each other.
Most preferred embodiment
The electrical signal collection of photoelectricity probe is input to the capture card in the computing machine through voltage sensor, and SF reaches as high as 1MKHz.Optical fiber type digital light spectrometer is adopted in the optical information collection, and the spectrum of 200-1100nm wavelength band is gathered.The computing machine of system is responsible for signals collecting and is synchronoused working.When gathering beginning; Computing machine is exported TTL pulse signal that a class frequency fixes (for example 4Hz) as synchronous triggering signal; When spectrometer detects the rising edge of trigger pip, begin to gather spectroscopic data, and completion collects a width of cloth spectrum spectrogram in the regular hour (for example 2ms); Store in the computing machine, wait for triggering collection next time then; Simultaneous computer receives the voltage signal that voltage sensor is passed back, and data are stored in the computing machine in chronological order; With the synchronizing signal is that benchmark just can carry out spectral signal and the time-based comparative analysis of electric signal.Because the collection of electric signal can reach 1MKHz, also can be as time reference after utilizing synchronizing signal to carry out time calibrating.Fig. 5 is the photoelectricity acquisition system synoptic diagram that experiment is set up.
The 1500W laser power is adopted in an experiment, the protection of argon gas side direction, and welded part is a low carbon steel plate.Detection signal to volume element is as shown in Figure 6; The laser plasma electric signal that Fig. 6 (a) gathers for electric probe (on) and TTL synchronizing signal (descending); The Fig. 6 (b) and (c) spectral signal of synchronous acquisition respectively; Wherein Fig. 6 (b) is the previous synchronizing signal rising edge corresponding spectral signal of spectrometer 5ms integration afterwards, and Fig. 6 (c) is a back synchronizing signal negative edge corresponding spectral signal of spectrometer 5ms integration afterwards.
For spectral signal; Spectral signal to collecting is handled; Each exciting line of nominal light spectrogram excite element; Re-use Boltzmann (Boltzmann) Tu Fa or relative light intensity method calculating plasma temperature, can be for electric signal according to the Poisson in the plasma sheath shelf theory (Polsson) Equation for Calculating plasma temperature, both temperature contrast confirmation each other.
For Fig. 6; In two width of cloth spectrograms,, utilize the relative light intensity method to calculate for FeI374.556nm, FeI382.043nm and FeI385.637nm spectral line; The plasma temperature that last width of cloth spectrogram shows is about 3300K, and the plasma temperature that a back width of cloth spectrogram shows is about 3200K.The electric signal that records is a negative signal, in first synchronizing signal the more very short fluctuation of duration that is superimposed upon above the stationary value is arranged in the time, utilizes Poisson equation estimation plasma temperature to be about 3350K for this fluctuation amplitude.The temperature value that is calculated is more or less the same, and is consistent basically, has explained that the temperature information that photosignal reflected is consistent.Yet, for the fluctuation of the electric signal after first synchronizing signal, explain there is energy changing in the plasma that electric signal has reflected its change procedure in real time, this can explain that its corresponding spectrum is stronger; And each fluctuation duration is very short, explains that the plasma relaxation time is very short and energy hunting is little, and this fluctuation article on plasma temperature influence is little.
Claims (4)
1. the photoelectricity probe of a detection laser plasma; Comprise light transmitting fiber, closed chamber and lead; It is characterized in that; Said light transmitting fiber is drawn by closed chamber, and the center of the other end of closed chamber is provided with the light probe of hollow tube, and the light signal of light probe collection outputs to spectrometer by light transmitting fiber after getting into closed chamber through hollow tube; Parallel position with the adjacent 1～20mm of light probe is provided with electric probe, and electric probe can be rotated adjusting around light probe, and the termination lead is drawn electric signal behind the electric probe; Said electric probe is a tungsten bar, and its length is 50～100mm, diameter 1～2mm, and the periphery of tungsten bar is provided with ceramic integument, and the leading section of tungsten bar is exposed tungsten electrode, and the length of exposed tungsten electrode is 2～5mm; The length of said closed chamber is 50～60mm, internal diameter 5～15mm; The extension elongation of said light probe is 30～50mm, and internal diameter is no more than 1.5mm, and outside dimension is convenient to install and is got final product.
2. according to the photoelectricity probe of the detection laser plasma of claim 1, it is characterized in that said closed chamber is a cylindrical shape, have certain intensity, the distortion of the optical signal transmission that do not make a difference in the use.
3. the method for application of the photoelectricity probe of the detection laser plasma of claim 1 has following steps:
(1) detects preceding the preparation: optical fiber is connected with spectrometer; The electric probe lead is connected with data acquisition circuit; Data acquisition circuit comprises signal processing circuit and data collecting card, and spectrometer and data collecting card are connected to computing machine, the information that both gather by the computing machine Unified Treatment;
(2) the photoelectricity probe need add stationary installation, guarantees that the probe location adjustment process is steady, unstability does not take place rock; According to the particular location of the laser plasma cloud of being surveyed, aim at sensing point in the three-dimensional adjustment, probe will keep level, over against target; Electric probe should go deep into the laser plasma cloud fully with exposing tungsten electrode, and is identical to guarantee that electric probe is surveyed condition, detects the voltage between plasma and the workpiece;
(3) select proper laser weldering parameter, light probe and plasma distance are confirmed by the plasma light intensity, are no more than spectrometer intensity range to guarantee the maximum optical spectral intensity that collects; Light probe is gathered light signal and is sent to spectrometer, and electric probe is gathered electric signal and is sent to data collecting card, and the synchronous acquisition of photosignal is accomplished by computing machine with processing; Laser Welding (LBW) parameter range of choice: laser power >=500W, defocusing amount-5～5mm, speed of welding and shield gas flow rate can be confirmed as the case may be; Light probe and laser plasma cloud edge keep the above distance of 10mm.
When (4) signals collecting begins; Computing machine receives the voltage signal of electric probe sensor, transforms to be stored in the computing machine, and simultaneity factor is exported the TTL pulse signal that a class frequency is 1～100Hz; When spectrometer receives the rising edge of trigger pip; Begin to gather spectroscopic data, and behind 2～50ms, accomplish and gather, its data are sent to computing machine and obtain a width of cloth spectrum spectrogram through corresponding spectrometer software; Accurate for guaranteeing trigger pip, acquisition system is carried out back production with trigger pip simultaneously in acquired signal, forms the closed-loop system that cover trigger pip output and signal back production detect; Through signals collecting after a while; Can obtain series of voltage signal and spectrum spectrogram; Voltage acquisition can obtain volt-time coordinate figure, and the spectral signal collection can obtain light intensity-wavelength coordinate diagram, and both can compare with reference to TTL time pulse signal sequence; It is corresponding to realize both, and it is synchronous to reach photosignal.
4. according to the method for application of the photoelectricity probe of the detection laser plasma of claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said step (2) can be regulated stationary installation level, vertical direction to change the photoelectricity probe location according to different testing goals, detects the plasma photosignal characteristic of diverse location.
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| CN103528703A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Passive electric detection device and method for laser plasma |
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| CN103528703A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-22 | 天津大学 | Passive electric detection device and method for laser plasma |
| CN104502624A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 天津大学 | Device for determining laser-driven flyer plate speed by adopting plasma signal |
| CN107105564B (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2019-03-26 | 天津大学 | Laser welding small hole plasma electric properties detection method |
| CN107105564A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-08-29 | 天津大学 | Laser welding small hole plasma electric properties detection method |
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| CN106872725B (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2019-07-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of flight probe for pulsed plasma thruster measurement |
| CN109253918A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-01-22 | 西南交通大学 | Shock wave time calibration device and time calibrating method for impact test |
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