CN102500957B - Preparation method of Al-Si-Zn rapidly-cooled solder for aluminum alloy/stainless steel brazing - Google Patents
Preparation method of Al-Si-Zn rapidly-cooled solder for aluminum alloy/stainless steel brazing Download PDFInfo
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- CN102500957B CN102500957B CN2011103413820A CN201110341382A CN102500957B CN 102500957 B CN102500957 B CN 102500957B CN 2011103413820 A CN2011103413820 A CN 2011103413820A CN 201110341382 A CN201110341382 A CN 201110341382A CN 102500957 B CN102500957 B CN 102500957B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an Al-Si-Zn rapidly-cooled solder for aluminum alloy/stainless steel brazing. Zinc powder and solder foil containing aluminum, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium are used as raw materials and are added into a vacuum non-consumable arc furnace, and argon is filled after vacuum pumping; a power supply is turned on, the raw materials are heated to 1400-1500 DEG C at a rate of 28 DEG C per second, the power supply is turned off, and the materials are cooled for 15 minutes; the molten raw materials are taken out, turned and fed into the arc furnace again to be molten once to twice; the cooled alloy block is taken out and ground after melting; and the alloy block is placed into a single-roller melt rapid-quenching device and heated to be molten, the molten alloy is sprayed onto a roller, a solder foil band with the width of 15mm and the thickness of 120Mum can be formed via band spinning, and thus the Al-Si-Zn rapidly-cooled solder is prepared. The prepared solder has good wetting performance, the wetting time for stainless steel can be reduced, and the stainless steel and aluminum can be wetted simultaneously, so that solid joints can be formed between the stainless steel and the aluminum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the solder for the foreign material soldering, specifically aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the quickening of energy-conserving and environment-protective process and automobile and all class components of machine of industrial circle lightweight trend, the technology of preparation light weight, the composite component that corrosion-resistant, heat-resisting, high strength has both is increasingly important;
Aluminium alloy is light-weighted preferred material, however its heat resistance, intensity slightly be short of, and stainless steel can make up this defect.Therefore, the developmental research of aluminium alloy and stainless steel interconnection technique namely becomes problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.With regard to the connection method, method for welding is more suitable method.But aluminium alloy and stainless soldering are the welding between large device shape foreign material, reason makes welding very difficult because both strong oxide-films and melting point, thermophysical property is widely different etc.And so far, to various aluminium alloys and stainless steel, use the Al-Si solder to implement soldering in early-stage Study, its result is: between aluminium alloy and stainless different material, soldering is difficult to form strong joint.Although the Al-Si eutectic solder can produce wetting to stainless steel, but it is longer than wetting aluminium alloy required time to produce the wetting needed time, and solder is before wetting stainless steel mother metal, first with the aluminium alloy mother metal occur wetting, react also isothermal solidification rapidly, the molten solder layer disappearance that its result causes is the main cause that joint is difficult to form.
Therefore, develop wetability good, be easy to wetting stainless steel, fusing point is lower, the better Al-Si base of solder self mechanical property chilling solder is imperative, this is to brazed aluminum alloy and stainless steel, accelerate the process of the energy-conserving and environment-protective development of promotion automobile and other industrial circles, tool is of great significance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of preparation method who is suitable for the Al-Si-Zn chilling welded between aluminium alloy and stainless steel solder, solve the poor problem of solder wetting stainless steel, with wetability, the mechanical property that further improves solder, reduce the solder fusing point.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme adopted to be: first prepare a kind of Al-Si-Zn normal solder, guaranteeing to prepare again Al-Si-Zn chilling solder on it is to the basis of stainless steel wetability, with wetability, the mechanical property that further improves solder, reduce the solder fusing point.Its scheme is: aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, employing zinc powder and composition are that the solder paper tinsel of aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium is raw material, in the solder paper tinsel, aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium account for the percentage of raw material gross weight and is: the percentage that aluminium 78.8-87.7%, silicon 11-13%, iron 0.6-0.8%, copper 0.3-0.4%, magnesium 0.1-0.2%, zinc powder account for the raw material gross weight is: 0.1-7%; Preparation process is:
(1), by composition, being aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium, solder paper tinsel and zinc powder join in vacuum non-consumable arc furnace according to aforementioned proportion, will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Then Pa is that the argon gas of 0.02MPa is as protective gas to pouring pressure in stove;
(2), open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into electric arc in raw material, raw material is carried out to melting, regulating electric current makes raw material heat up with the speed of 28 ℃ of per seconds, the thrust produced by electric arc in fusion process stirs molten alloy, after smelting temperature rises to 1400-1500 ℃, naturally cooling 15 minutes of breaking arc stove power supply;
(3), the raw material after melting is taken out and overturn after again send into electric arc furnaces, carry out again according to the method described above 1 to 2 melting; After melting finished, the alloy obtained was naturally cooling;
(4), cooled alloy block is taken out, with the involutory gold bullion of sand paper surface, polish, remove the residual assorted and oxide-film on alloy block surface, during polishing, by abrasive grain, be first 400 purpose sand papering one time, then by abrasive grain, be that 800 orders and 1200 purpose sand paper are respectively polished one time successively;
(5), the alloy block that will polish is put into the quartz ampoule of single roller fast melt-quenching equipment, heating makes the alloy block fusing, and the alloy after then melting is sprayed onto on running roller by the nozzle of equipment, makes wide 15mm through getting rid of band, the solder foil of thick 120 μ m, namely make Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the selection of the technical program Raw is conducive to the welding between aluminium alloy and stainless steel, the solder that adopts above raw material proportioning to prepare has good wetability, shortened stainless wetting time, can synchronous wetting stainless steel and aluminium alloy, make between stainless steel and aluminium alloy to form firmly joint.Solder, after single roller melt-quenching method chilling gets rid of band, has further improved wetability, the mechanical property of solder, reduces the solder fusing point, is easier to the welding of stainless steel and aluminium alloy, and has improved weld strength.Adopt and first prepare the Al-Si-Zn normal solder, and then conversion prepares the method for Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, whole preparation process is oversimplified, but also can first screening technology performance, the Al-Si-Zn normal solder of good mechanical properties, prepare again on this basis Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, improve efficiency, and reduced cost.
The specific embodiment
Illustrate in conjunction with the embodiments embodiments of the present invention: aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, employing zinc powder and composition are that the solder paper tinsel of aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium is raw material, in the solder paper tinsel, aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium account for the percentage of raw material gross weight and is: the percentage that aluminium 78.8-87.7%, silicon 11-13%, iron 0.6-0.8%, copper 0.3-0.4%, magnesium 0.1-0.2%, zinc powder account for the raw material gross weight is: 0.1-7%; Preparation process is:
(1), by composition, being aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium, solder paper tinsel and zinc powder join in vacuum non-consumable arc furnace according to aforementioned proportion, will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Then Pa is that the argon gas of 0.02MPa is as protective gas to pouring pressure in stove;
(2), open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into electric arc in raw material, raw material is carried out to melting, regulating electric current makes raw material heat up with the speed of 28 ℃ of per seconds, the thrust produced by electric arc in fusion process stirs molten alloy, after smelting temperature rises to 1400-1500 ℃, naturally cooling 15 minutes of breaking arc stove power supply;
(3), the raw material after melting is taken out and overturn after again send into electric arc furnaces, carry out again according to the method described above 1 to 2 melting; After melting finished, the alloy obtained was naturally cooling;
(4), cooled alloy block is taken out, with the involutory gold bullion of sand paper surface, polish, remove the residual assorted and oxide-film on alloy block surface, during polishing, by abrasive grain, be first 400 purpose sand papering one time, then by abrasive grain, be that 800 orders and 1200 purpose sand paper are respectively polished one time successively;
(5), the alloy block that will polish is put into the quartz ampoule of single roller fast melt-quenching equipment, heating makes the alloy block fusing, and the alloy after then melting is sprayed onto on running roller by the nozzle of equipment, makes wide 15mm through getting rid of band, the solder foil of thick 120 μ m, namely make Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
The Al-Si-Zn chilling brazing filler metal alloy fusing point that the present invention makes is between 585～620 ℃, and the wide 15mm of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder foil left and right, about thick 120 μ m, can guarantee best brazing property.
Single roller fast melt-quenching equipment gets rid of the band machine also referred to as single roller, raw material melts in quartz ampoule after, by nozzle, the raw material of melting is sprayed onto on the copper running roller of rotation, and liquid metal is because chilling is made into thin ribbon shaped.The method of operating that single roller melt-quenching method gets rid of carrying device is: switch on power, open the cooling water water source; After water flowing three minutes, uncapping machine power source switch, pressed pump start pushbutton enable oil pump; By " nozzle decline button ", make quartzy chuck be in extreme lower position; Quartz ampoule is installed, the gap of adjusting spout and copper wheel; Then open argon gas, regulate argon pressure, quartz ampoule is brought up to heating location; Select the semi-automatic work state; The pyrometer gauge head is aimed to alloy to be melted; Press the running roller start button, rotate the speed governing button, to rise of rotational speed to required rotating speed; The system band is got rid of in the insulation spray, after having made, immediately quartz ampoule is risen to chuck; Press the running roller stop button; Close oil pump, shutdown power source, close argon gas, disconnect external power supply, close cooling water.The NM operating parameter of the present invention can be carried out according to a conventional method.Solder is after single roller fast melt-quenching equipment rapid solidification is processed, and tissue becomes more even, and the solder fusion temperature reduces, and melting region is also narrower.Sprawl rapidly, wetting areas increases, angle of wetting reduces.Element in the chilling solder is in unstable state in addition, and higher free energy is arranged, and diffusivity is stronger, and solder has very strong activity, thereby guarantees that soldered fitting has higher intensity.
Note should cleaning totally after each system band, keep running roller clean, light.
Embodiment 1
Aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, employing zinc powder and composition are that the solder paper tinsel of aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium is raw material, in the solder paper tinsel, aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium account for the percentage of raw material gross weight and is: the percentage that aluminium 78.8%, silicon 13%, iron 0.7%, copper 0.35%, magnesium 0.15%, zinc powder account for the raw material gross weight is: 7%; Preparation process is:
(1), by composition, being aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium, solder paper tinsel and zinc powder join in vacuum non-consumable arc furnace according to aforementioned proportion, will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Then Pa is that the argon gas of 0.02MPa is as protective gas to pouring pressure in stove;
(2), open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into electric arc in raw material, raw material is carried out to melting, regulating electric current makes raw material heat up with the speed of 28 ℃ of per seconds, the thrust produced by electric arc in fusion process stirs molten alloy, after smelting temperature rises to 1400 ℃, naturally cooling 15 minutes of breaking arc stove power supply;
(3), the raw material after melting is taken out and overturn after again send into electric arc furnaces, carry out again according to the method described above 2 meltings; After melting finished, the alloy obtained was naturally cooling;
(4), cooled alloy block is taken out, with the involutory gold bullion of sand paper surface, polish, remove the residual assorted and oxide-film on alloy block surface, during polishing, by abrasive grain, be first 400 purpose sand papering one time, then by abrasive grain, be that 800 orders and 1200 purpose sand paper are respectively polished one time successively;
(5), the alloy block that will polish is put into the quartz ampoule of single roller fast melt-quenching equipment, heating makes the alloy block fusing, and the alloy after then melting is sprayed onto on running roller by the nozzle of equipment, makes wide 15mm through getting rid of band, the solder foil of thick 120 μ m, namely make Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
Embodiment 2
Aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, employing zinc powder and composition are that the solder paper tinsel of aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium is raw material, in the solder paper tinsel, aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium account for the percentage of raw material gross weight and is: the percentage that aluminium 84.8%, silicon 12%, iron 0.6%, copper 0.4%, magnesium 0.2%, zinc powder account for the raw material gross weight is: 2%; Preparation process is:
(1), by composition, being aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium, solder paper tinsel and zinc powder join in vacuum non-consumable arc furnace according to aforementioned proportion, will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Then Pa is that the argon gas of 0.02MPa is as protective gas to pouring pressure in stove;
(2), open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into electric arc in raw material, raw material is carried out to melting, regulating electric current makes raw material heat up with the speed of 28 ℃ of per seconds, the thrust produced by electric arc in fusion process stirs molten alloy, after smelting temperature rises to 1450 ℃, naturally cooling 15 minutes of breaking arc stove power supply;
(3), the raw material after melting is taken out and overturn after again send into electric arc furnaces, carry out again according to the method described above 1 melting; After melting finished, the alloy obtained was naturally cooling;
(4), cooled alloy block is taken out, with the involutory gold bullion of sand paper surface, polish, remove the residual assorted and oxide-film on alloy block surface, during polishing, by abrasive grain, be first 400 purpose sand papering one time, then by abrasive grain, be that 800 orders and 1200 purpose sand paper are respectively polished one time successively;
(5), the alloy block that will polish is put into the quartz ampoule of single roller fast melt-quenching equipment, heating makes the alloy block fusing, and the alloy after then melting is sprayed onto on running roller by the nozzle of equipment, makes wide 15mm through getting rid of band, the solder foil of thick 120 μ m, namely make Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
Embodiment 3
Aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, employing zinc powder and composition are that the solder paper tinsel of aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium is raw material, in the solder paper tinsel, aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium account for the percentage of raw material gross weight and is: the percentage that aluminium 87.7%, silicon 11%, iron 0.8%, copper 0.3%, magnesium 0.1%, zinc powder account for the raw material gross weight is: 0.1%; Preparation process is:
(1), by composition, being aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium, solder paper tinsel and zinc powder join in vacuum non-consumable arc furnace according to aforementioned proportion, will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Then Pa is that the argon gas of 0.02MPa is as protective gas to pouring pressure in stove;
(2), open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into electric arc in raw material, raw material is carried out to melting, regulating electric current makes raw material heat up with the speed of 28 ℃ of per seconds, the thrust produced by electric arc in fusion process stirs molten alloy, after smelting temperature rises to 1500 ℃, naturally cooling 15 minutes of breaking arc stove power supply;
(3), the raw material after melting is taken out and overturn after again send into electric arc furnaces, carry out again according to the method described above 2 meltings; After melting finished, the alloy obtained was naturally cooling;
(4), cooled alloy block is taken out, with the involutory gold bullion of sand paper surface, polish, remove the residual assorted and oxide-film on alloy block surface, during polishing, by abrasive grain, be first 400 purpose sand papering one time, then by abrasive grain, be that 800 orders and 1200 purpose sand paper are respectively polished one time successively;
(5), the alloy block that will polish is put into the quartz ampoule of single roller fast melt-quenching equipment, heating makes the alloy block fusing, and the alloy after then melting is sprayed onto on running roller by the nozzle of equipment, makes wide 15mm through getting rid of band, the solder foil of thick 120 μ m, namely make Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
Embodiment 4
Get the Al-Si solder paper tinsel that contains 42.9g aluminium, 6g silicon, 0.4g iron, 0.15g copper and 0.05g magnesium and be total to 49.50g, get zinc powder 0.5g, it according to the zinc powder addition, is 1% ratio mixed preparing, the above-mentioned raw material prepared is put into to vacuum for industrial use non-consumable induction furnace, and will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Pa, next pours the argon gas of 0.02MPa as protective gas; Then open induction arc funace power supply preheating 5 minutes, preheating is squeezed into electric arc later and is ignited, and starts raw material is carried out to melting; In fusion process, regulate electric current and make its fusing evenly, under normal pressure, temperature reaches about 1400 ℃, after raw material melts evenly fully, cuts off the electricity supply with stove cooling about 15 minutes; Treat that melting finishes, the sample upset is squeezed into to electric arc again and carry out again melting twice, can obtain Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy; After melting is complete, need block Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy surface is carried out to the attrition process processing.Adopt the Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy conversion that single roller melt-quenching method will be made to be prepared into Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
12.33 ° of the Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy angle of wettings of making, tensile strength 100.12MPa, 610 ℃ of fusing points.9.20 °, the Al-Si-Zn chilling solder wetting angle of finally making, tensile strength 119.95MPa, 602 ℃ of fusing points.
Embodiment 5
Get the Al-Si solder paper tinsel that contains 42.4g aluminium, 5.5g silicon, 0.4g iron, 0.15g copper and 0.05g magnesium and be total to 48.50g, get zinc powder 1.5g, it according to the zinc powder addition, is 3% ratio mixed preparing, the above-mentioned raw material prepared is put into to the vacuum for industrial use non-consumable arc furnace, and be 4 * 10 by the vacuum that is evacuated in stove
-2Pa, next pours the argon gas of 0.02MPa as protective gas; Then open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into the electric arc raw material that ignites, start raw material is carried out to melting; In fusion process, regulate electric current and make its fusing evenly, under normal pressure, temperature reaches about 1450 ℃, after raw material melts evenly fully, cuts off the electricity supply with stove cooling about 15 minutes; Treat that melting finishes, the sample upset is squeezed into to electric arc again and carry out melting once again, can obtain Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy; After melting is complete, need block Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy surface is carried out to the attrition process processing.Adopt the Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy conversion that single roller melt-quenching method will be made to be prepared into Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
11.19 ° of the Al-Si-Zn normal solder alloy angle of wettings of making, tensile strength 120.10MPa, 607 ℃ of fusing points.7.76 °, the Al-Si-Zn chilling solder wetting angle of finally making, tensile strength 100.91MPa, 598 ℃ of fusing points.
Experimental result shows, products therefrom Al-Si-Zn chilling solder of the present invention, have good wetability and mechanical property, can synchronous wetting stainless steel and aluminium alloy, tensile strength after aluminium alloy and stainless steel welding is greater than 100.9MPa, and the solder fusing point decreases, meet the soldering instructions for use, can solve the problem of soldering difficulty between the different material of aluminium alloy and stainless steel.
Claims (1)
1. aluminium alloy/stainless steel braze welding is by the preparation method of Al-Si-Zn chilling solder, it is characterized in that: employing zinc powder and composition are that the solder paper tinsel of aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium is raw material, in the solder paper tinsel, aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium account for the percentage of raw material gross weight and is: the percentage that aluminium 78.8-87.7%, silicon 11-13%, iron 0.6-0.8%, copper 0.3-0.4%, magnesium 0.1-0.2%, zinc powder account for the raw material gross weight is: 3%; Preparation process is:
(1), by composition, being aluminium, silicon, iron, copper and magnesium, solder paper tinsel and zinc powder join in vacuum non-consumable arc furnace according to aforementioned proportion, will in stove, be evacuated, vacuum is 4 * 10
-2Then Pa is that the argon gas of 0.02MPa is as protective gas to pouring pressure in stove;
(2), open the electric arc furnaces power supply and squeeze into electric arc in raw material, raw material is carried out to melting, regulating electric current makes raw material heat up with the speed of 28 ℃ of per seconds, the thrust produced by electric arc in fusion process stirs molten alloy, after smelting temperature rises to 1400-1500 ℃, naturally cooling 15 minutes of breaking arc stove power supply;
(3), the raw material after melting is taken out and overturn after again send into electric arc furnaces, carry out again according to the method described above 1 to 2 melting; After melting finished, the alloy obtained was naturally cooling;
(4), cooled alloy block is taken out, with the involutory gold bullion of sand paper surface, polish, remove the residual assorted and oxide-film on alloy block surface, during polishing, by abrasive grain, be first 400 purpose sand papering one time, then by abrasive grain, be that 800 orders and 1200 purpose sand paper are respectively polished one time successively;
(5), the alloy block that will polish is put into the quartz ampoule of single roller fast melt-quenching equipment, heating makes the alloy block fusing, and the alloy after then melting is sprayed onto on running roller by the nozzle of equipment, makes wide 15mm through getting rid of band, the solder foil of thick 120 μ m, namely make Al-Si-Zn chilling solder.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011103413820A CN102500957B (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2011-11-02 | Preparation method of Al-Si-Zn rapidly-cooled solder for aluminum alloy/stainless steel brazing |
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| CN2011103413820A CN102500957B (en) | 2011-11-02 | 2011-11-02 | Preparation method of Al-Si-Zn rapidly-cooled solder for aluminum alloy/stainless steel brazing |
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| CN105014255B (en) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-03-01 | 哈尔滨职业技术学院 | The preparation method of SnBiNi low-temperature leadless solder |
| CN105945449B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2019-04-26 | 厦门大学 | Nickel manganese base is without boron solder and preparation method thereof |
| CN106825984A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-06-13 | 河南理工大学 | The method for welding and solder preparation method of a kind of high-volume fractional SiCp/Al composites |
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| JPS6033896A (en) * | 1983-08-06 | 1985-02-21 | Taira Okamoto | Aluminum alloy |
| JP3398204B2 (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 2003-04-21 | 日本発条株式会社 | Brazing filler metal for aluminum alloys and aluminum alloy products |
| CN101554686B (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2011-11-16 | 西安理工大学 | High-entropy alloy solder used for welding hard alloy and steel and preparation method thereof |
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