CN102500589B - Method for cleaning first wall of magnetic confinement fusion device by using high-frequency field - Google Patents
Method for cleaning first wall of magnetic confinement fusion device by using high-frequency field Download PDFInfo
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- CN102500589B CN102500589B CN 201110369135 CN201110369135A CN102500589B CN 102500589 B CN102500589 B CN 102500589B CN 201110369135 CN201110369135 CN 201110369135 CN 201110369135 A CN201110369135 A CN 201110369135A CN 102500589 B CN102500589 B CN 102500589B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cleaning a first wall of a magnetic confinement fusion device by using a high-frequency field. The method is implemented by the steps of: (1) previously filling gas of 0.1-10 Pa in a vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device; (2) arranging a high-frequency antenna in the vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device, then taking the vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device as a negative electrode and the high-frequency antenna which extends into the vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device as a positive electrode, and applying the high-frequency field with voltage of 3-5 KV, frequency of 20-50 KHz and power of 2-10 KW between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and (3) breaking down gas under the action of ionization of the high-frequency field and generating stable high-frequency plasma discharge, performing effective bombardment on the first wall of the vacuum chamber of the magnetic confinement fusion device, and cleaning the first wall after discharge cleaning of 1-10 hours. Through the method, the cleaning efficiency can be doubled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber the first wall is cleaned, especially a kind of method of utilizing radio-frequency field to be cleaned magnetic trapped fusion apparatus the first wall.
Background technology
The wall treatment technology is widely used on the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus of tokamak type, for reducing device background impurity level, improves the recirculation of wall.Magnetic confinement fusion experiment before 20 century 70s is paid attention to not the first wall problem and edge plasma characteristics, the plasma obtained at that time is very unclean, is mixed with plurality of impurities, and the effective charge number is larger, and plasma density is wayward, the plasma parameter obtained is lower.Since entering the eighties in 20th century, along with going deep into of tokamak research, a series of wall treatment technologies have been developed, as various Discharge Cleaning and coating technology, adopt high Z materials as the plasma facing material, improve technique and the design of limiter or divertor, improve the thermotransport ability of the first wall etc., effectively controlled impurity and produced and gas recirculation, plasma parameter constantly obtains raising.
Early stage fusion research shows, effective control of impurity is the necessary means that obtains high performance plasmas.The energy loss by radiation caused for fear of impurity, for high Z materials, its impurity density must be controlled at the level that approaches 1%; And, for low Z materials, its impurity level must be controlled at 10
-5enough low levels.This just requires plasma and material interaction to be controlled, and comprises material selection, structural design and wall treatment technology etc.Wherein, wall is processed Main Means and is: (1) large built-in cryogenic pump of pumping speed, to increase the ability that extracts to gas; (2) means such as boronation, silication can be improved the impurity level of wall, but boron film or silicon fiml will progressively be corroded after multiple discharge, and the discharge time that it can be supported is limited; (3) to clean be the Main Means that removing is adsorbed on impurity and hydrogen on wall for baking and plasmaassisted.More conventional wall processing mode mainly contains Resistant heating baking, eddy-current heating baking, direct current glow discharge cleaning (GDC) and Taylor discharge cleaning (TDC) etc., and has obtained rich experience and effect.In order to reduce the discharge quantity of wall, improve final vacuum, must fully remove the gas adsorbed on wall.The most frequently used method is the temperature of rising wall, but this is subject to the restriction of encapsulant and ambient conditions.If simultaneously or carry out subsequently the processing of plasmaassisted wall, cured effect can be enhanced.On Tokamak, the general technology such as low-energy direct current glow discharge cleaning (GDC), the ion involution auxiliary discharge (ICRF) based on radio-frequency technique and electron cyclotron auxiliary discharge (ECRF) that adopt are achieved at present.
Although these conventional wall treatment technologies are greatly developed, and have effectively suppressed impurity level and reduced hydrogen isotope recirculation, all there is its merits and demerits in different wall cleaning ways.The GDC cleaning technique is very ripe, but must, in the very little time work in device magnetic field, limit them and apply in following superconducting tokamak device.ICRF cleans and can be particularly suitable for superconducting tokamak device in the situation that very strong magnetic field existence is used, and is particularly suitable for device of future generation, as ITER.But ion involution cleans the annular region that applying plasma mainly concentrates on the device center, be mainly used in the first wall surface of cleaning surface plasma, and the impurity in diagnostic window, shadow region is difficult to be eliminated.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of utilizing radio-frequency field to be cleaned magnetic trapped fusion apparatus the first wall is provided, the method cleaning efficiency is high, can realize energy-conservation, efficient purpose.
Technical solution of the present invention: a kind of method of utilizing radio-frequency field to be cleaned magnetic trapped fusion apparatus the first wall, performing step is:
(1) be filled with in advance the gas of 0.1-10Pa in the magnetic confinement vacuum chamber;
(2) arrange high frequency antenna in the magnetic confinement vacuum chamber, then take the magnetic confinement vacuum chamber as negative pole, the high frequency antenna stretched in the magnetic confinement vacuum chamber is positive level, and applying voltage between negative pole and positive pole is that 3-5KV, frequency are the radio-frequency field that 20-50KHz, power are 2-10KW;
(3), under the ionization of radio-frequency field, gas is breakdown and produce stable high-frequency plasma electric discharge, will effectively bombard magnetic confinement vacuum chamber the first wall, after the Discharge Cleaning through 1-10 hour, reaches the cleaning to the first wall.
Gas in described step (1) is hydrogen or helium.
High frequency antenna in described step (2) is spiral inductance antenna or capacity plate antenna.
High frequency antenna in described step (2) is sent in vacuum chamber by the magnetic force driven rod.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is: the present invention is in vacuum chamber, the plasma medium-high frequency charged ion that utilizes the high frequency place to produce carries out effectively cleaning for a long time to vacuum chamber the first wall, gas is under the effect of radio-frequency field, than the DC electric field of same voltage, easily puncture, can effectively improve cleaning efficiency like this, and can under magnetic field, work, realize energy-conservation and efficient purpose, through experiment, clean and compare with direct current glow discharge, the present invention can improve 1 times of cleaning efficiency.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The structural representation that Fig. 1 is the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber;
Fig. 2 is the layout schematic diagram that high frequency antenna of the present invention adopts the spiral inductance antenna;
Fig. 3 is the layout schematic diagram that high frequency antenna of the present invention adopts capacity plate antenna;
Fig. 4 is spiral inductance antenna assumption diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is capacity plate antenna structure chart of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Magnetic trapped fusion apparatus is the plasma that the research and utilization magnetically confined produces in vacuum chamber, by heating plasma, realizes fusion reaction, and fusion energy output is for generating the most at last.As shown in Figure 1, the toroidal container that its vacuum chamber is a D type cross section, vacuum chamber upper, the neutralization under 16 windows are arranged respectively.The first wall 11 is and the contacted parts of plasma, is cleaning object of the present invention, and vacuum-chamber wall 12 is the vacuum seal parts, and window 13 is various inner parts and the communication means of installing exterior part.
As shown in Figure 2,3, implementation process of the present invention is: in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber, helium or the hydrogen of prior preliminary filling 0.1-10Pa, arrange high frequency antenna in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber, then take the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber as negative pole, the high frequency antenna stretched in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber is positive level, and applying voltage between negative pole and positive pole is that 3-5KV, frequency are the radio-frequency field that 20-50KHz, power are 2-10KW; In the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber, once apply high-frequency electric field, gas just is easy to breakdown, produce plasma discharge, to effectively bombard magnetic confinement vacuum chamber the first wall, after the Discharge Cleaning through 1-10 hour, reach the purpose to the cleaning of the first wall.
The high frequency antenna used in the present invention is spiral inductance antenna 4 or capacity plate antenna 7.
The high frequency electric source scope of high performance-price ratio is at present: power 2-10 kilowatt, frequency 10-50KHz, voltage 1-5 kilovolt.Use this scope high frequency electric source, and in the magnetic confinement vacuum chamber reasonable Arrangement high frequency antenna, just can produce high-frequency electric field.
The effective antenna mode that produces high-frequency electric field has two kinds:
(1) the spiral inductance antenna 4
As shown in Figure 2, by 1 pair of device inflation of inflation inlet, 2 is bleeding point, and 3 is the discharge range in vacuum chamber, and the structure of spiral inductance antenna 4 is induction structures of a helix ring type, is connected on high frequency electric source 6.According to the size of selected high frequency electric source 6 frequencies, design and the antenna structure that high frequency electric source 6 output impedance are complementary, be complementary the impedance of antenna and power supply output impedance; Perhaps use the stainless steel inductance coil of 10-20 circle helical structure, add match circuit 5 between power supply and coil.The output impedance of the input impedance of match circuit 5 and high frequency electric source 6 is complementary, the impedance phase coupling of the output impedance of match circuit 5 and spiral inductance antenna 4, thus the power of high frequency electric source 6 can be exported by stable matching.For better producing homogeneous plasma and can being adjusted as required, spiral inductance antenna 4 can be designed to along the radially removable mode of vacuum vessel port.
(2) capacity plate antenna
As shown in Figure 3, by 1 pair of device inflation of inflation inlet, 2 is bleeding point, 3 is the discharge range in vacuum chamber, the negative pole of high frequency electric source 6 is to be connected on the wall of magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber, positive source is connected on a capacity plate antenna that can move radially along vacuum vessel port 7, when high frequency electric source 6 work, between capacity plate antenna 7 and magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber, forms high-frequency electric field.For realizing efficient (Energy Coupling of high frequency electric source 90% is to antenna) long-time (the longest stream time approximately 15 hours) stable operation, also should increase by a match circuit 5 and make power supply and antenna reach matching status between power supply and electrode.Wherein the output impedance of the input impedance of match circuit 5 and high frequency electric source 6 is complementary, the impedance phase coupling of the output impedance of match circuit 5 and capacity plate antenna 7.
For making plasma in even, stable state, should arrange 2 or 4 antennas (as Fig. 4 spiral inductance antenna and Fig. 5 capacity plate antenna) along large ring direction (direction shown in 14 in Fig. 1) symmetrical arrangement at the magnetic confinement internal vacuum chamber, thereby realize along the comparatively uniform high-frequency electric field of large ring direction, charged ion in plasma will interact with the first wall relatively uniformly, realizes the effectively cleaning fast to wall surface.
Known according to experimental data, the present invention uses two kinds of antenna structures, and its cleaning efficiency is more or less the same, but the cleaning efficiency of all cleaning than the direct current glow discharge of current routine will double left and right.The more important thing is that current direct current glow discharge is cleaned and can't work under magnetic field, must first demagnetize and be cleaned, excitation be that the plasma discharge experiment is prepared again afterwards.And the demagnetization of magnetic trapped fusion apparatus magnet and excitation need the regular hour, demagnetization and excitation also can impact coil frequently simultaneously.And method of the present invention can be at steady operation under magnetic field, this effective economical operation that is magnetic trapped fusion apparatus and magnet safe operation provide assurance, and to future, the cleaning of larger sized experimental provision the first wall will have great significance.
Along with the fast development of power technology, high frequency electric source less than the dc source volume of Same Efficieney and electric pressure, price is low.The present invention uses spiral inductance or capacity plate antenna, in the magnetic confinement vacuum chamber, utilize high-frequency electric field to produce plasma, the first wall surface is cleaned, higher than conventional DC glow plasma Discharge Cleaning efficiency, can realize energy-conservation, efficient purpose.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (3)
1. a method of utilizing radio-frequency field to be cleaned magnetic trapped fusion apparatus the first wall is characterized in that performing step is:
(1) be filled with in advance the gas of 0.1-10Pa in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber; Described gas is hydrogen or helium;
(2) arrange high frequency antenna in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber, then take the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber as negative pole, the high frequency antenna stretched in the magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber is positive level, and applying voltage between negative pole and positive pole is that 3-5KV, frequency are the radio-frequency field that 20-50KHz, power are 2-10KW;
(3), under the ionization of radio-frequency field, gas is breakdown and produce stable high-frequency plasma electric discharge, will effectively bombard magnetic trapped fusion apparatus vacuum chamber the first wall, after the Discharge Cleaning through 1-10 hour, reaches the cleaning to the first wall.
2. the method for utilizing radio-frequency field to be cleaned magnetic trapped fusion apparatus the first wall according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the high frequency antenna in described step (2) is spiral inductance antenna or capacity plate antenna.
3. the method for utilizing radio-frequency field to be cleaned magnetic trapped fusion apparatus the first wall according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the high frequency antenna in described step (2) is sent in vacuum chamber by the magnetic force driven rod.
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| RU2674997C1 (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2018-12-14 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Method for removing carbon-containing layers and dust from vacuum chambers of plasma installations |
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| CN104425042B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2017-02-22 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Insulation assembly for nuclear fusion reactor |
| CN103974517A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Constraint plasma aggregator under condition of high frequency electromagnetic field and aggregation method achieved by adoption of same |
| CN108882495B (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2021-02-19 | 鲍铭 | Method for generating neutrons by restraining plasma through high-frequency alternating current electric field |
| CN111910173B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2021-08-20 | 上海征世科技股份有限公司 | Substrate table and method for in-situ cleaning with plasma |
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| JPS5410897A (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-01-26 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Nuclear fusion plasma device with washing method and washing function of core first wall |
| CN1272407A (en) * | 2000-05-15 | 2000-11-08 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Radio-frequency cleaning process |
| CN101533680A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2009-09-16 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for removing hydrogen detained on first wall in nuclear fusion device by direct current glow oxygen plasma |
| CN101533679A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2009-09-16 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | Method for removing hydrogen detained on first wall in magnetic constraint device by ion involution oxygen plasma |
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| RU2674997C1 (en) * | 2018-02-16 | 2018-12-14 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Method for removing carbon-containing layers and dust from vacuum chambers of plasma installations |
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