CN102499872B - Direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network - Google Patents
Direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network Download PDFInfo
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- CN102499872B CN102499872B CN201110314018.5A CN201110314018A CN102499872B CN 102499872 B CN102499872 B CN 102499872B CN 201110314018 A CN201110314018 A CN 201110314018A CN 102499872 B CN102499872 B CN 102499872B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a direct heart-assist device based on an artificial muscle network, wherein the artificial muscle network consists of artificial muscle units and is provided with an extractor of atrionector heart rhythm, a contraction and diastole process controller and a current drive device. Each artificial muscle unit is formed by combining a shape memory alloy wire inner-layer spring and a heat-conducting wire, wherein each heat-conducting wire is arranged at the center of the corresponding shape memory alloy wire inner-layer spring, a layer of thin film is arranged outside each shape memory alloy wire inner-layer spring and is used for preventing double-layer springs from mutually locking in a clamping manner, the outmost layer is a pressure spring with the certain K value and a sealed shell, and the two ends of each shape memory alloy wire inner-layer spring are connected with an inner shape memory alloy wire, thus the shape memory alloy wires are stretched at a normal state and the artificial muscle units are linked to form a network covering outside a heart so as to form the direct heat-assist device based on the artificial muscle network. The current drive device outputs to the shape memory alloy wires of the artificial muscle units.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medical treatment device, especially the artificial heart auxiliary device of cardiothoracic surgery.
Background technology
DCM (dilated cardiomyopathy) (dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM) be a kind of taking the chambers of the heart expand, myocardium shrinkage function obstacle is as the not clear cardiomyopathy of the reason of principal character, is also to cause one of Etiological of heart failure except coronary heart disease and hypertension.Even its clinical manifestation is died suddenly as basic feature taking carrying out property mental and physical efforts heart failure, arrhythmia, thromboembolism.So far there is no specificity therapeutic method, rear extreme difference, within 5 years, survival rate is not as good as 50%.
The caused disease of heart disease and filterable virus can make cardiac muscle miopragia and pump oligemia.But now, heart still has enough energy to go to sustain life, just can not in motion, provide enough output blood.When the miopragia of cardiac muscle or cannot work completely time, unique method is done heart transplant operation exactly.The patient that need to accept now in the world heart transplantation is more and more, but the annual donations in whole world heart is out less than 2 000, and a lot of patients have lost lease of life.Therefore, people wish to work out the artificial heart [1～4] that can replace cardiac function always.Artificial heart can be divided into the outer squash type of the heart that seals in the blood pump formula of bloody path and do not seal in bloody path.Blood pump formula is all used and has been in the equipment of a lot of implant into body, and it is in bloody path, to use an atwirl impeller to remove to increase blood flow, but this method finds that there is a lot of problems at present.
Artificial heart can be divided into the outer squash type of the heart that seals in the blood pump formula of bloody path and do not seal in bloody path.Blood pump formula is all used and has been in the equipment of a lot of implant into body, and it is in bloody path, to use an atwirl impeller to remove to increase blood flow, but this method finds that there is a lot of problems at present.The first, atwirl impeller can destroy hemocyte and cause thrombosis; The second, in order to prevent the repellency of human body to blood pump, must take a large amount of anticoagulants, these medicines can reduce the immunity of human body.These be all blood by the caused complication in artificial chamber heterogeneous because artificial chamber can be thought by immune system, can be by immune system attack.
University of New Mexico of the U.S. has set up artificial-muscle institute specially, develops specially artificial thews material and clinical practice development, mainly develops artificial limb and artificial heart etc.Ionic polymer metal composite materials was just registered the first synthetic artificial-muscle patent in the world by National Laboratory of USDOE as far back as 1993.This material is quite ripe.Recently this material is applied in artificial heart aspect development.
Part shrinkable material has taken the lead in being applied to industry manufacture.For example, corresponding new material is used as power at machine fish, above aerospace dust cleaner, is applied.In recent years, its application is progressively permeated and is generalized to biomedical sector.Electric chemical formula conducting polymer also has applied research at aspects such as suction biological sample and injectable drugs.Utilize its can micro-manufacturing and fine motion can automatically controlled characteristic, manufacture that the small machine people who avoids polluting processes specimen or hazardous environment running is helpful.
Mexico scholar with rare earth material make Mageneto-sensitive type shrink-down material limbs for the reproducing of artificial prosthesis muscle, and can arbitrarily control well.It is little and from also quite remote problem of clinical practice that this material has overcome current CNT, electrochemical polymerization fibres artificial-muscle price, energy supply low (with battery), horsepower.They claim that this system can reach the level for artificial prosthesis muscle.American scholar using artificial muscle has also been applied for patent for the ametropic technology of extraocular muscles corrective ophthalmic.On current overall context, market and scientific research circle are all studied heartbeat device how to substitute heart as basis.
list of references
1, Li Xiaofeng, Liang Songmiao, Li Yanfang, Wang Yongxin, Xu Jian.The progress of biomimetic material electroactive polymer " artificial-muscle ".Macromolecule circular.2008(Aug):134
2, Zhang Liangping. artificial-muscle potential applicability in clinical practice. international bio engineering in medicine magazine .2006 the 29th the 1st phase of volume of February.
3, Dong Jing, Yang Ming, Zheng's Zhe person of outstanding talent.Artificial-muscle and the application prospect in direct heart-assist device thereof.Biomedical engineering's magazine.2008，25（6）
4, Liu Yi, Yang Ming.The directly status quo and future of heart-assist device.Chinese Journal of Medical Instrumentation.2009，33（1）。
5、Hanson?B.?Artificial?organs?:?direct?cardiac?compression?heart?assist?device?,http?:/?/?www.?bluesci.?org/?content/?view/?254/?256/。
6、Oz?MC,?Artrip?JH,?Burkhoff?D.?Direct?cardiac?compression?devices.?J?Heart?Lung?Transplant.?2002?Oct;21(10):1049-55.。
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, for fear of the contact between blood and implant devices, the apparatus and method that propose a kind of heart external compression heart are carried out accessory heart, and this is exactly the outer squash type of the heart, also referred to as direct heart-assist device.Especially can acquired signal propose a kind of therapy equipment of practicality, can be used for treating DCM (dilated cardiomyopathy) (dilated cardiomyopathy, DCM).For DCM (dilated cardiomyopathy) patient's treatment has increased new technological means.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, based on the direct heart-assist device of artificial muscle network, it is characterized in that artificial muscle network artificial-muscle cell formation, and being provided with extraction element, contraction and diastole process controller, the current driving device of the sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart, artificial-muscle unit is constituted by marmem SMA silk internal layer spring and heat conductive filament's; Heat conductive filament forms the central authorities of internal layer spring at marmem SMA, the outside of internal layer spring is that one deck prevents that double-layer spring from pressing from both sides mutually the thin film of lock, the stage clip of a defining K value and the shell of sealing first at outermost, coupling together of both ends of the spring and SMA silk inside, allow SMA silk under normal condition in extended state, artificial-muscle cellular chain is connected into as netted bag is rolled in heart outside, forms the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network; Shrink and diastole process controller drive current driving device, current driving device outputs to the marmem SMA silk of artificial-muscle unit.
Artificial muscle network is that 12-24 netted artificial-muscle unit is enclosed within on heart.Stage clip K value is 2.86N/cm.
Heat conductive filament forms the central authorities of internal layer spring at marmem (SMA), the outside of internal layer spring is that one deck prevents that double-layer spring from pressing from both sides mutually the thin film of lock, the stage clip of a defining K value and the shell of sealing at outermost one deck, couple together at both ends of the spring and inner Biomatel material, allow Biomatel material under normal condition in extended state, artificial-muscle cellular chain is connected into as netted, form the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network, the diameter of artificial-muscle unit is 5-14mm.The present invention utilizes artificial-muscle, constructs a kind of myocardial movement auxiliary device, make it to be netted bag wrap suffer from expansion myocarditic ventricle part.This auxiliary device keeps and improves patient's state before patient can find removable heart or radical treatment.
Described net is containing 3-6 layer artificial-muscle unit (spring), according to the diameter of Biomatel material silk and the voltage swing applying, every layer as four spring members can be connected into artificial muscle's cutlet (or being connected in parallel between artificial muscle's cutlet of ring-type) of ring-type, connect drive circuit, complete basic circuit control system.
Some artificial-muscles unit is that artificial muscle's cutlet (containing marmem (SMA) silk spring) of ring-type forms and is linked into (greatly) hemispherical network structure after circle again and entangles heart, each artificial strip of muscle layer forms radius of a circle and should simply adjust separately, then by a hemispheric net of circle composition of 3-6 different radii, artificial muscle's cutlet of the ring-type of greatest length (marmem (SMA) silk spring circle) is sewn on atrioventricular junction.
According to the diameter of silk and the voltage swing applying, every layer of three to five spring members can be in parallel or be connected into the artificial muscle network of ring-type, taking every layer of four spring members as example: when series connection and parallel connection: the length of total shape-memory alloy wire spring (Nitinol) of spring members is 2CM left and right, and the electric current that each artificial-muscle unit passes through should be controlled at 200mA between 300mA;
The extraction element of the sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart is to sew up a single electrode (also can gather the sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart by the crosslinking electrode of electrocardiogram electrocardiosignal) at sinuatrial node, electrode or crosslinking electrode extract real-time sinuatrial node signal through small signal amplifier, simply amplify so that input microprocessor (single-chip microcomputer) carries out AD operation with small-sized small signal amplification circuit (instrument amplifier, filtering).Sinuatrial node signal after AD is carried out threshold decision and extracts real-time exciting moment t1, thereby control current driving device in the t2 moment, artificial muscle network is powered and controlled its contraction, in t3 moment power-off, sarcoplasmic reticulum is lax.The concrete numerical value of t2-t1, corresponding to body surface ECG(electrocardiogram) in PQ interval (70ms-170ms) deduct the response time of artificial-muscle, the concrete numerical value of t3-t1, corresponding to PR interval (120ms-200ms).Contraction and diastole process control, current driving device, current driving device outputs to marmem (SMA) silk of artificial-muscle unit.
Shrink diastole process control function, contraction cycle and contractility are adjustable, Syst contraction intensity is to increase stroke volume 20%～30% as standard, sinuatrial node is cardiac electrical starting point, judge the pace-making moment by extracting sinuatrial node signal, add that suitable time delay drives artificial muscle network to shrink, and just can accomplish auxiliary ventricle acting.Provide the energy by built-in rechargeable battery pack, and can provide power supply by the coil of inside and outside.The coil groups of inside and outside and portable power carry out contactless charging to the set of cells in body.
Myocardial movement auxiliary device of the present invention is a net that can entangle ventricle and can initiatively shrink, this device can provide ventricular diastole support and accessory heart work done, thereby reduce the pressure of diastole end of term locular wall, alleviate myocardial cell stretching and preload overweight, thereby reach restriction or reduce the stimulating factor prevention of remodeling ventricle or reverse remodeling ventricle, improving ventricle geometric configuration.Before patient can find removable heart or radical treatment, keep and improve patient's state.This device is more perfect than the function of heart support net, and than artificial heart and mechanical pump, this device without excising or being damaged to original cardiac system, has farthest reduced the injury to sufferer substantially.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: use to be wrapped in the heart and to open the artificial muscle network accessory heart in outside and do work and meet the requirement that heart is done work, be compared to and change mechanical pump heart and farthest reduced the infringement to original heart.This device should be able to the minimum frequency with 2hz shrink and diastole, and contraction cycle and contractility are adjustable, and Syst contraction intensity is to increase stroke volume 20%～30% as standard, and relaxing period is less than 5g to cardiac load.This device should be able to be servo-actuated according to the sinuatrial node rhythm and pace of moving things, and its contraction and expansion initial time should regulate and omit front in ventricle.
Apparatus of the present invention are without excision or be damaged to original cardiac system, than artificial heart and mechanical pump, farthest reduced the injury to sufferer.Current artificial heart is all on the basis of replacing original heart, to replace heart acting, and the present invention just adds one deck artificial muscle network on the basis of heart support net, to reach the object of accessory heart acting.
brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that the current driving device of microprocessor and output completes contraction diastole process control function flow chart.
Fig. 2 is artificial-muscle elementary cell pie graph.
Fig. 3 is that three layers of four spring members can be in parallel or be connected into the artificial muscle network of ring-type.
Artificial-muscle elementary cell pie graph elementary cell combination figure in Fig. 2, wherein 1 is heat conductive filament, and 2 is marmem (SMA) silk internal layer spring, and 3 is thin film, and 4 is stage clip, does not provide shell in figure.
detailed description of the invention
Artificial-muscle unit (Artifical muscle) in Fig. 1 is the core of we's invention, forms the critical piece of basic artificial-muscle unit, and finally form artificial muscle network with Biometal memorial alloy.
For artificial muscle network can naturally be beaten along with natural heart beat rhythm, specific design of the present invention is as follows:
1. sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart extraction element.Sew up a single electrode (also can gather the sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart by the crosslinking electrode of electrocardiosignal) at sinuatrial node, electrode or crosslinking electrode are through small signal amplifier (can REFERENCE TO RELATED people ecg amplifier patent application document), extract real-time sinuatrial node signal, simply amplify so that input microprocessor (single-chip microcomputer) carries out AD operation with small-sized small signal amplification circuit (instrument amplifier, filtering).
2. the current driving device of microprocessor and output completes and shrinks diastole process control function (Fig. 1 is shown in by block diagram).Because sinuatrial node is cardiac electrical starting point, judge the pace-making moment by extracting sinuatrial node signal, add that suitable time delay drives artificial muscle network to shrink, and just can accomplish the object of auxiliary ventricle acting.Sinuatrial node signal after AD is carried out threshold decision and extracts real-time exciting moment t1, thereby control current driving device in the t2 moment, artificial muscle network is powered and controlled its contraction, in t3 moment power-off, sarcoplasmic reticulum is lax.The concrete numerical value of t2-t1, deducts the response time of artificial-muscle corresponding to the PQ interval (70ms-170ms) in body surface ECG, the concrete numerical value of t3-t1, corresponding to PR interval (120ms-200ms).
3. provide the energy by built-in rechargeable battery pack, and can carry out contactless charging to the set of cells in body by the coil groups of inside and outside and portable power.
Be below the performance comparison of Biometal and traditional SMA and other artificial thews materials, table 1
Table 1 artificial-muscle and the comparison of human muscle's characteristic
Adopt up-to-date BioMetal Ti-Ni memorial alloy (SMA), in the situation that material is not switched on, Biomatel, by weight below certain degree that naturally stretches, returns to rapidly again very short length after energising, and the middle deformation quantity producing is not less than 200%.Embodiment: Biomatel material is the variation before and after energising under the condition that hangs weight, (a) before energising, (b) energising artifact is obviously shortened the three centimetres of left and right (adopting the Biomatel silk of 1mm diameter) of (having hung oneself).On the basis of this material, need to build the elementary cell of artificial-muscle, the constitutional diagram of structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, the outside of internal layer SMA silk spring is that one deck prevents that double-layer spring from pressing from both sides mutually the thin film of lock, the stage clip of a defining K value and the shell of the sealing (stage clip of K value at outermost one deck, K value should be less than 2.86N/cm), couple together at both ends of the spring and inner Biomatel material, in order that allow Biomatel material under normal condition in extended state, 3-6(is as four spring members) individual turn is enclosed within on heart, the artificial-muscle elementary cell being made up of these four spring members when energising is initiatively shunk, after discharging electric power, naturally stretch again (diastole), without any need for the effect of external force.In the middle of Biomatel, add heat conductive filament to utilize quasiconductor Pa Er effect, accelerate the radiating rate of Biomatel material, by the elementary cell of artificial-muscle, according to the diameter of silk and the voltage swing applying, four spring members can be in parallel or be connected into the artificial muscle network of ring-type, link drive circuit, completes basic circuit control system.Consider varying in size of human heart, elementary cell is linked into hemispherical network structure after forming circle, every layer of radius of a circle should simply be adjusted separately, and then, by a hemispheric net of circle composition of some different radiis, maximum circle is sewn on atrioventricular junction.As shown in Figure 3.
The diameter of turn is 5-14mm.According to the diameter of silk and the voltage swing that applies, four spring members can be in parallel or be connected into the artificial muscle network of ring-type, as shown in Figure 3, the for example length of each section of memory alloy wire spring is 2CM, the scope of voltage and current is indefinite, adjustable, electric current should be controlled at 200mA between 300mA, the basic physical arrangement of wire netting can have two schemes: the first as shown in Figure 3, be divided into from top to bottom 3 layers of horizontal stripe, between 3 layers, also have two layers of longitudinal unit (totally five layers), every one deck all wraps heart, then press between layers shown in figure and be connected with one section of tinsel, each black surround represents the wire spring that one section of 2CM is long, fine rule between black surround represents wire, mainly taking elastic line as main, wire can be attached on nonelastic line, independent assortment realizes connection in series-parallel.First scheme is on the basis of heart support net, and above some layers of artificial muscle network are sewn on, object is in order to make net be attached to heart surface, and artificial muscle's cutlet of the ring-type of greatest length (shape-memory alloy wire spring circle) is sewn on atrioventricular junction place.
Claims (4)
1. the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network, it is characterized in that artificial muscle network is by artificial-muscle cell formation, and being provided with extraction element, contraction and diastole process control equipment, the current driving device of the sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart, artificial-muscle unit is constituted by Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy wire internal layer spring and heat conductive filament's; The central authorities of the internal layer spring that heat conductive filament forms at Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy wire, the outside of internal layer spring is that one deck prevents that double-layer spring from pressing from both sides mutually the thin film of lock, the stage clip of a defining K value and the shell of sealing at outermost, coupling together of stage clip two ends and Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy wire inside, allow Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy wire under normal condition in extended state, artificial-muscle cellular chain is connected into as netted bag is rolled in heart outside, forms the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network; Current driving device outputs to the Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy wire of artificial-muscle unit; Artificial muscle network is that 12-24 netted artificial-muscle unit is enclosed within on heart, and the K value of stage clip is 2.86N/cm; The extraction element of the sinuatrial node rhythm of the heart is amplified and extracts real-time sinuatrial node signal through small signal amplifier by electrode or crosslinking electrode, sinuatrial node signal after AD carries out threshold decision and extracts real-time exciting moment t1, thereby controlling current driving device in the t2 moment powers and controls its contraction artificial muscle network, in t3 moment power-off, sarcoplasmic reticulum is lax; The concrete numerical value of t2-t1 deducts the response time of artificial-muscle corresponding to the PQ interval in surface electrocardiogram, PQ interval is 70ms-170ms, and the concrete numerical value of t3-t1 is corresponding to PR interval, and PR interval is 120ms-200ms; Contraction and diastole process control equipment, current driving device output to the Ti-Ni shape-memory alloy wire of artificial-muscle unit.
2. the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network according to claim 1, the diameter that it is characterized in that artificial-muscle unit is 5-14mm.
3. the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that some artificial-muscles unit is that artificial muscle's cutlet of ring-type forms and is linked into more than half spherical network structure after circle again and entangles heart, each artificial strip of muscle layer forms circle, radius of a circle can simply be adjusted separately, then by a hemispheric net of circle composition of 3-6 different radii, artificial muscle's cutlet of the ring-type of greatest length is sewn on atrioventricular junction.
4. the direct heart-assist device based on artificial muscle network according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that shrinking in diastole process control equipment, contraction cycle and contractility are adjustable, and Syst contraction intensity is to increase stroke volume 20%～30% as standard, and sinuatrial node is cardiac electrical starting point.
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| EP1957160A2 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2008-08-20 | Myotech LLC | Method and apparatus for minimally invasive direct mechanical ventricular actuation |
| CN101554334B (en) * | 2009-05-08 | 2011-03-23 | 周晓辉 | Active hydraulic ventricular attaching support system |
| CN102038979B (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2013-07-24 | 杨碧波 | Heart impulse assisting system |
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