CN102496081A - Three-dimensional visualized and interaction method of project structured message - Google Patents
Three-dimensional visualized and interaction method of project structured message Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional visualized and interaction method of a project structured message, which comprises the following steps that: step A: a project structured message is loaded, a message main body in the project structured message is identified, an exclusive mark which is used for the differentiation is set for each message main body; step B: an attribute contained by the message main body is sorted out: each message main body has one or more attributes, and each attribute represents one characteristic of the main body; step C: common attribute characteristic of the message main body is analyzed, the common attribute characteristic is treated as a one-dimensional space and is defined; step D: the dimension to be displayed and the application method are determined according to the user request; step E: the display space is partitioned according to the selection of the message dimension, and a basic display style of the space is displayed; step F: selection is executed according to a range of each dimension in the display space, and the message main body which is visible and satisfies the display type requirement is displayed; and step G: information having the attribute which is required by the user and is not subjective to the attribute of the message main body can be supplementarily displayed.
Description
Technical field
The three-dimensional visualization and the exchange method of a kind of project structure information of the present invention; Relate to computer software fields, the visual field of computerized information, project management field; The 3 d visualization that specifically is a kind of data and information shows and exchange method, can be used for demonstration, inquiry and the analysis of project relevant information.
Background technology
Project information is visual to be the important step of project management, and the visual means of good project information can be assisted the supvr that the project operation situation is made and analyzed rapidly and accurately and judgement, and in time make a policy.Two-dimensional diagram is the visual main flow carrier of present project information.
Gunter (Gantt) figure is typical case's representative of this type of information method for visualizing, and it expresses the activity command and the duration of any specific project visually through effort scale and time scale with illustrated mode.Its distinguishing mark is defined as direction time lapse (time dimension direction) for having used graphical form with one of them direction, and another direction is defined as WBS and divides solution sequence (hierarchical sequence dimension direction).Activity all has its field of definition on above-mentioned both direction.Field of definition on the both direction can be expressed a graphics field as constraint,, just can clearly give expression to relation and sequence in time thereof between the activity if this graphics field is regarded as movable representative.Further, current actual time and time dimension are carried out can checking actual activity after the association display whether carry out according to original plan, for project administrator and executor provide clear and definite effectively project status Presentation Function.
PERT (Program/Project Evaluation and Review Technique, programme evaluation and review technique) figure is another typical case's representative of this type of information method for visualizing.It can coordinate each procedure of whole plan, rationally disposes available manpower, material resources, time, fund, quickens the completion of plan.In the establishment and analysis means of plan, PERT is used widely, is the important means and the method for modern Project Management in modern times.The PERT network is a kind of arrow figure of similar process flow diagram.It depicts the precedence of the comings and goings that project comprises, and indicates the time of every activity or relevant cost.PERT figure is by incident (Events; That that the expression main activities finishes), activity (Activities; Expression from an incident to the process another incident), critical path (Critical Path; Be the longest incident of spended time and movable sequence in the PERT network) etc. key element form, its key feature has been represented relationships between nodes for using graphic method.Different with Gantt chart, it does not use the unified dimension direction of direction visually as the information representation instrument.
Existing other two-dimensional diagram represent that the characteristics of mode are identical with PERT figure with Gantt chart: can use certain dimension and dimension direction to give implications such as graphical object sequence, scope, degree; Can use patterned way to express the relation between the information of figure representative.
Still there is defective in these class methods:
1. information representation efficient is low.The point of information that every kind of chart can be showed simultaneously seldom.
2. space utilization efficient is low.The expression of information is just expanded in the plane.
3. user's thinking burden is big.If the user need watch the information of other dimensions, need open other chart and in brain, organize the relation between the information in many tables.
4. it is low to create efficient.Many times, can not generate as required automatically according to the artificial structural map table of demand.
In the visual field of three-dimensional information, existing people proposes to use three-dimensional stereo display technique and equipment to realize the demonstration of project information in three dimensions, but does not propose concrete effectively method for visualizing.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of three-dimensional visualization and exchange method of project structure information, be a kind of in three dimensions display items display information visualization exchange method, the target of improving of prior art is had:
To viewing area (two-dimensional parameter face or three dimensions) but the actual information ability to express efficiently utilize, improve information representation density, guarantee that simultaneously the user conforms to it to the cognitive receiving ability of data message.
2. project structure information is carried out pre-service, make it to meet the visual demand of three-dimensional information.
3. project information is showed in the space that the situation of presentation information on a plurality of observation visual angles simultaneously in three dimensions is convenient to the information user and understood between information and concern.
4. the user can select displaying contents and dimension voluntarily, and control display effect and mode are switched between different visual angles fast.
The present invention is a kind of three-dimensional visualization method of project structure information, and it implements visual basic step (as shown in Figure 1) as follows:
Step 1: be written into project structure information, identification information agent is wherein set unique being used to for each information agent and is distinguished sign each other.So-called information agent (see figure 2) refers to be shown as the ensemble of communication of diagrammatic representation (two-dimentional or three-dimensional), and typical information agent has movable and resource two big classes in the project information.Wherein movable and resource all has polytype, has between the information agent to comprise or relation such as association.
Step 2: the attribute that the organize your messages main body is comprised.Each information agent has one or more attributes.Every kind of attribute is represented a kind of characteristic of main body.Attribute has following several types:
1. the timeliness of information agent is described, typically had: start time, concluding time, working time system;
2. to the affiliated relationship description of information agent, typically have: set membership, previous task, rearmounted task, movable organizer, activity management person, the movable person of being responsible for, Resource Owner between activity;
3. to the state description of information agent, typically have: activity performance level, movable health degree, resource consumption degree, the resource work saturation degree carried out;
4. the sign of information agent is described, typically had: activity name, resource name, Activity Type, resource type.Attribute itself has the plurality of sub attribute, can comprise following several:
1. Property Name;
2. attribute type is worth and is discrete magnitude or continuous quantity;
3. the functional description of attribute;
4. attribute codomain;
5. attribute is described the dependence of other attributes.
Step 3: the attributive character that the analytical information main body is common, it is regarded as an one-dimensional space (see figure 2), and definition:
1. the value active domain of this one-dimensional space;
2. be worth the ordering rule on this dimension;
3. the default value when not having definition.
Concept of dimensions can be mapped in the visual means such as volume coordinate, color.
Step 4: according to user's request, dimension and method of application that decision shows.
The method of application of dimension has following several kinds:
1. with the coordinate system coupling, coordinate parameters is provided
2. with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, characteristic parameter is provided
3. cooperate with other attribute,, coordinate parameters is provided with the coordinate system coupling
4. cooperate with other attribute,, provide the same dimension of characteristic parameter can select to implement simultaneously several method with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent.
Confirm the parameter that every kind of method of application enforcement needs, wherein:
First kind of mode, promptly, need implement following coordinate parameters simultaneously with the coordinate coupling:
1. the basis function form of dimension coordinate vector;
2. this dimension codomain indication range;
3. the step-length function when codomain is continuous space, or the step-length function of codomain when being discrete space;
4. imformosome is in two dimension relevant with this dimension or the display packing under the three-dimensional environment.
The second way promptly with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, needs to implement following characteristic parameter:
1. the position that shows;
2. visual form (symbol, literal, image) and concrete parameter thereof;
The third mode promptly cooperates with other attribute, with the coordinate system coupling, need implement following coordinate parameters simultaneously:
1. the basis function form of dimension coordinate vector;
2. this dimension codomain indication range;
3. the step-length function the when territory is continuous space, or the step-length function of codomain when being discrete space;
4. imformosome is in two dimension relevant with this dimension or the display packing under the three-dimensional environment;
5. the objective attribute target attribute that matches
6. mapping relations between the coordinate axis
The 4th kind of mode promptly cooperates with other attribute, with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, need implement following characteristic parameter simultaneously:
1. the position that shows;
2. visual form (symbol, literal, image) and concrete parameter thereof;
3. the objective attribute target attribute that matches;
4. the parameter relevant with cooperation.
Step 5: according to the user to the information dimension choose the cutting display space, the basic display pattern of display space is as shown in Figure 3.The user can select to watch the information of three dimensional form to appear or the projection (two dimension appear) of three dimensional form on two-dimensional surface
The basic display pattern of described display space is made up of two or three dimensions, comprises following element:
1. be used to represent the coordinate axis of dimension positive dirction.The direction of definite this coordinate axis of needs and dimension are in the value at initial point place.
2. initial point.The reference position of all coordinate axis all overlaps with initial point.
3. per two dimensions are formed a display plane (two-dimensional space).
4. three dimensions are formed one and are shown solid space (three dimensions).
5. the demonstration (visualization mapping) of information agent in above-mentioned the 4th described demonstration solid space.The demonstration of each information agent in same three dimensions can only occur once.
6. the demonstration (visualization mapping) of information agent on above-mentioned the 3rd said display plane.The demonstration of each information agent in same two-dimensional space can only occur once.
The display result of a plurality of dimensions can be combined in user's display space, and is as shown in Figure 4.When user's decision is made up, need to observe following rule:
1. the dimension in each combination is all used same initial point;
2. different demonstration solid space borders can overlap, but do not allow the different solid spaces that show to intersect.
Step 6: screen according to the codomain of each dimension in display space, the visualisation parameters definition of information agent visible, that meet the display type demand according to step 3 and step 4 shown.
Step 7: replenish the information that shows in the above-mentioned project information main body attribute of not being included in of user's request, can comprise following several types:
1. timeliness is described, and typically has: project start time, project concluding time;
2. affiliated relationship description typically has: project organizer, project administrator, the project person of being responsible for;
3. state description typically has: project performance level, project implementation health degree;
4. indicate and describe, typically have: project name, item types.
In order to give the user of visualization result fully, be necessary for this method visualization scheme and define one group of corresponding with it interbehavior the power to make decision of information representation content and mode.After implementing by the inventive method, enforceable peculiar exchange method type has: increase dimension, reduce dimension, change dimension coordinate axis block position or order, pick up information agent.
Increase dimension, reduce dimension, change dimension coordinate axis block position or order is meant that the user chooses the coordinate axis of representing dimension, coordinate axis is added, deleted and changes operation.In operating process, can change the display space/plane that is used for the display items display information agent.Above-mentioned three kinds relate to quoting method for visualizing step of the present invention alternately.
Picking up information agent is that the inventive method is implemented the back to the distinctive pick-up method of project information main body.
A kind of exchange method of project structure information: concrete steps are:
1. increase dimension (Fig. 7).
Step 1: the user selects available dimension.
Step 2: the user specifies the mode (volume coordinate, color etc.) of using dimension.
Step 3: the step 1 in the execution method for visualizing is to step 5, for the visual of new dimension got ready.
Step 4: refresh display space, show the effect of visualization (promptly carrying out the method for visualizing step 6) of the dimension that makes new advances.
2. reduce dimension (Fig. 9).
Step 1: the user specifies existing dimension.
Step 2: reject the visual information relevant with this dimension.
Step 3: refresh effect of visualization (promptly carrying out the method for visualizing step 6).
3. change dimension coordinate axis block position or order (Figure 10).Combination display mode by user's specified dimension.
Step 1: the user selects the coordinate axis of the dimension of needs adjustment.
Step 2: the user selects to hope coordinate axis shift position extremely.
Step 3: use the type of interaction operative combination of " the increase dimension " and " minimizing dimension " of serial to realize the adjustment target.
Step 4: refresh effect of visualization (promptly carrying out the method for visualizing step 6).
4. pick up information agent.In this method, if the user has implemented a plurality of display spaces (two dimension or three-dimensional), visualization result can be expressed as a plurality of visualization mapping (two-dimensional/three-dimensional) with an information agent.So, picking up of a visualization mapping is regarded as picking up all visualization mapping corresponding with the identical information main body in the present invention.The visualization mapping that triggers pick-up operation is regarded as " focus " visualization mapping, to be different from the visualization mapping that other are picked up equally.
Wherein, This method need be utilized the display device of 2D or 3D, and the requirement during method for visualizing is implemented is: behind step 4, five, six, the parameter setting described in seven, and can be complete and the result of display of visually realization correctly; And can correctly be accepted by the user, be embodied in:
1. display space and the coordinate axis that can from display device, be divided in the clear identification step 5 of user
The user can be from display device clear identification be used to represent the figure of information agent
The user can be from display device the display effect of set visualisation parameters in the clear identification step 4
4. the user can replenish content displayed in the clear identification step 7 from display device
In exchange method of the present invention is implemented, need 2D or 3D display device and operating equipment interacting activity to be supported this kind support should show as:
Operating equipment support the user to figure create, move, rotation, convergent-divergent, mirror image, deletion action, and display device has immediate feedback to inform the result that the user selects, this feedback can be by the clear identification of user.
2. operating equipment supports the user that the one or more graphic objects in the display device displaying contents are selected, and display device has immediate feedback to inform the result that the user selects, and this feedback can be by the clear identification of user.
3. display device and operating equipment are supported the input and the Presentation Function of literal.
Advantage and beneficial effect
1. by the three-dimensional visualization demand project structure information is effectively organized with abstract.
2. expanded the display space and the degree of freedom of project information, to viewing area (two-dimensional parameter face or three dimensions) but the actual information ability to express efficiently utilize, improved information representation density.
3. help user's fast query all information relevant with customizing messages with understanding, the user can customize the customized information view of oneself as required fast.
4. the instance of this method uses and can inspire new inner link between user's discovery information.
5. this method can be supported more various project analysis and measuring method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: method for visualizing steps flow chart block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2: information agent, attribute, concept of dimensions synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3: basic visual space synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4: the how visual space synoptic diagram after 6 visual basically spatial array.
Fig. 5: sample information agent and concern synoptic diagram.
Fig. 6: to effect synoptic diagram behind the sample enforcement method for visualizing.
Fig. 7: the execution FB(flow block) of " increase dimension " operation.
Fig. 8: to the effect synoptic diagram after sample execution " increase dimension " operation.
Fig. 9: the execution FB(flow block) of " minimizing dimension " operation.
Figure 10: the execution FB(flow block) of " changing dimension coordinate axis block position or order " operation.
Figure 11: to the effect synoptic diagram after sample execution " change dimension coordinate axis block position or the order " operation.
Figure 12: to the effect synoptic diagram after sample execution " picking up " operation.
Table 1: activity in the sample and attribute list thereof.
Table 2: resource in the sample and attribute list thereof.
Table 3: dimension in the sample and attribute list thereof.
Symbol description in the accompanying drawing
Fig. 3: O is a visual space initial point; D1, D2, D3 are coordinate axis; A is the visualization mapping of information agent in three dimensions; A1 is the projection (mapping) of A on the plane of D1, D2 definition, and A2 is the projection (mapping) of A on the plane of D3, D2 definition, and A3 is the projection (mapping) of A on the plane of D1, D3 definition.
Fig. 4: D0, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 are respectively coordinate axis; A is the visualization mapping of information agent in the space that is defined by D0, D1, D2; A1 is the visualization mapping of information agent on the plane that is defined by D0, D1; A1 is the visualization mapping of information agent on the plane that is defined by D0, D1; A2 is the visualization mapping of information agent on the plane that is defined by D0, D2, and A3 is the visualization mapping of information agent on the plane that is defined by D0, D6, and A4 is the visualization mapping of information agent on the plane that is defined by D0, D3.
Fig. 6: O is a visual space initial point; D1 is the activity time axle; D2 is the activity sequence number axis, and D3 is movable owner's axle, and B1 is the visualization mapping of activity 1 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D3; B2 is the visualization mapping of activity 2 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D3; B3 is the visualization mapping of activity 3 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D3, and B4 is the visualization mapping of activity 4 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D3, and F1 is movable visualization mapping on the plane that is defined by D1, D2; F2 is the visualization mapping (in figure only part visible) of activity on the plane that is defined by D3, D2, and F3 is movable visualization mapping (only partly visible among the figure) on the plane that is defined by D1, D3.
Fig. 8: O is visual volume coordinate initial point; D1 is the activity time axle; D2 is the activity sequence number axis, and D3 is movable owner's axle, and D4 is the Activity Type axle; B1 is the visualization mapping of activity 1 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D4; B2 is the visualization mapping of activity 2 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D4, and B3 is the visualization mapping of activity 3 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D4, and B4 is the visualization mapping of activity 4 in the visual space that is defined by D1, D2, D4; F3 is the visualization mapping (in figure only part visible) of activity on the plane that is defined by D2, D4, and F4 is movable visualization mapping on the plane that is defined by D1, D4.
Figure 11: O is visual volume coordinate initial point, and D1 is the activity time axle, and D2 is the Activity Type axle, and D3 is movable owner's axle, and D4 is the activity sequence number axis.
Figure 12: O is visual volume coordinate initial point, and D1 is the activity time axle, and D2 is the Activity Type axle; D3 is movable owner's axle; D4 is the activity sequence number axis, and B1, B2, F1, F2 are the visualization mapping of activity 1 in visual space that is in selected state, and B2 is the focus visualization mapping.
Embodiment
The present invention be a kind of in three dimensions the method for visualizing of display items display structured message, its method flow diagram is as shown in Figure 1.Implement sample shown in Fig. 5, table 1, table 2.
Step 1:
1) be written into project structure information, identification information agent wherein should be in this example: activity 1, activity 2, activity 3, activity 4, resource 1, resource 2.
2) set unique being used to for each information agent and distinguish sign each other, in this example be: movable 1 (a1), movable 2 (a2), movable 3 (a3), movable 4 (a4), resource 1 (r1), resource 2 (r2).
Step 2:
1) attribute that comprised of organize your messages main body.Each information agent has one or more attributes.Every kind of attribute is represented a kind of characteristic of main body.Attribute in this example is put in order as follows:
1. the timeliness of information agent is described
(1) the movable start time
Title: movable start time type: time type is described: the movable start time
Codomain: date and time
(2) the activity end time
Title: activity end time type: time type is described: the movable concluding time
Codomain: date and time
2. to the affiliated relationship description of information agent
(1) the movable owner
Title: movable owner type: the character discrete type is described: movable executor or custodian
Codomain: character string
(2) movable father's task
Title: movable father's task type: description is quoted in activity: movable father is movable
Codomain: all tasks indicate
(3) movable previous task
Title: movable previous task type: description is quoted in activity: movable previous task
Codomain: all tasks indicate
(4) movable rearmounted task
Title: movable rearmounted task type: description is quoted in activity: movable rearmounted task
Codomain: all tasks indicate
3. to the state description of information agent
Do not have
4. the sign of information agent is described
(1) activity name
Title: activity name type: the character discrete type is described: movable title
Codomain: character string
(2) activity sequence number
Title: activity serial number type: the character discrete type is described: movable WBS decomposes sequence number
Codomain: the digit strings of cutting apart with ". "
(3) Activity Type
Title: Activity Type type: enumeration type
Describe: movable type has following three types in this example:
Codomain: the enumerated value of all regulations
(4) resource name
Title: resource name type: the character discrete type is described: the title of resource
Codomain: character string
(5) resource type
Title: resource type type: enumeration type
Describe: the type of resource has a kind of in this example: resource type 1
Codomain: the enumerated value of all regulations
Step 3:
The attributive character that the analytical information main body is common is regarded as an one dimension attribute space with it, and definition:
1. the value active domain of this one-dimensional space
2. be worth the ordering rule on this dimension
3. the default value when defining.
Concept of dimensions can be mapped in the visual means such as volume coordinate, color.
Select movable start time of activity name, activity sequence number, Activity Type, the movable owner, activity end time example (table 3) in the sample as step 3:
(1) activity name
Active domain: character string ordering rule: alphabet sequence default value: do not allow not define
(2) activity sequence number
Active domain: the digit strings of cutting apart with ". "
Ordering rule: by the rule of the WBS decomposition ordering in the project management
Default value: do not allow not define
(3) Activity Type
Active domain: the Activity Type of regulation (Activity Type 1, Activity Type 2, Activity Type 3)
Ordering rule: Activity Type 1, Activity Type 2, Activity Type 3
Default value: Activity Type 1
(4) the movable owner
Active domain: character string ordering rule: lexicographic order default value: do not allow not define
(5) the movable start time
Active domain: the time range ordering rule that system is readable: in chronological order
Default value: do not allow not define
(6) the activity end time
Active domain: the time range ordering rule that system is readable: in chronological order
Default value: do not allow not define
Step 4:
According to user's request, dimension and method of application that decision shows.
The method of application of dimension has following several kinds:
1. with the coordinate system coupling, coordinate parameters is provided
2. mate with the visualization feature of information agent, characteristic parameter is provided
3. cooperate with other attribute,, coordinate parameters is provided with the coordinate system coupling
4. cooperate with other attribute, the visualization feature coupling with information agent provides the same dimension of characteristic parameter can select to implement simultaneously several method.
Confirm the parameter that every kind of method of application enforcement needs, wherein:
First kind of mode, promptly, need implement following coordinate parameters simultaneously with the coordinate coupling:
1. the basis function form of dimension coordinate vector;
2. this dimension codomain indication range;
3. the step-length function when codomain is continuous space, or the step-length function of codomain when being discrete space;
4. imformosome is in two dimension relevant with this dimension or the display packing under the three-dimensional environment.
The second way promptly with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, needs to implement following characteristic parameter:
1. the position that shows;
2. visual form (symbol, literal, image) and concrete parameter thereof;
The third mode promptly cooperates with other attribute, with the coordinate system coupling, needs to implement following coordinate parameters:
1. the basis function form of dimension coordinate vector;
2. this dimension codomain indication range;
3. the step-length function the when territory is continuous space, or the step-length function of codomain when being discrete space;
4. imformosome is in two dimension relevant with this dimension or the display packing under the three-dimensional environment;
5. the objective attribute target attribute that matches
6. mapping relations between the coordinate axis
The 4th kind of mode promptly cooperates with other attribute, with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, needs to implement following characteristic parameter:
1. the position that shows;
2. visual form (symbol, literal, image) and concrete parameter thereof;
3. the objective attribute target attribute that matches;
4. the parameter relevant with cooperation.
Select movable start time of activity name, activity sequence number, Activity Type, the movable owner, activity end time example in the sample as step 4.
(1) activity name, Activity Type
Select the 4th kind of use-pattern for use.With the form of literal value is presented near information agent or the main body projection.Correlation parameter is:
A. font:, see G for details according to the Activity Type decision;
B. font size: 28, be advisable with clear display;
C. font (runic, inclination, overstriking): runic, be advisable with clear display;
D. color: black;
E. position: the visual shape center of information agent
F. corresponding relation between attribute: the corresponding Activity Type of activity name
G. by the font of type decided:
Class1: the Song typeface; Type 2: black matrix; Type 3: Chinese-language bright cloud
(2) activity sequence number
Select first kind of use-pattern for use.
Correlation parameter is:
A. the basis function F (D) of dimension coordinate vector (D is a property value, and total is movable number, and serial is a sequence number):
B. attribute codomain: by minimum sequence number to highest sequence number, discrete type
C. step-length (Step): Step (D)=1
D. two-dimentional display packing: fill along the wide colour band of this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis 0.5 * Step (D) at the property value place.Texture is selected at random.
3 D displaying method: fill along the wide colour gamut of this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis 0.5 * Step (D) at the property value place.Color: RGB (255,255,255)
(3) the movable owner
Select first kind and second kind of use-pattern for use.
First kind of mode parameter:
A. the basis function F (D of dimension coordinate vector
n) (D is a property value):
B. attribute codomain: all movable owners, discrete type
C. step-length (Step): Step (D)=1
D. two-dimentional display packing: fill along the wide colour band of this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis 0.5 * Step (D) at the property value place.Texture is selected at random.If relate to Activity Type, the relevant information main body mapping of ignoring type 3 shows.
3 D displaying method: fill along the wide colour gamut of this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis 0.5 * Step (D) at the property value place.Color: RGB (255,255,255)
Second way parameter:
A. font: the Song typeface;
B. font size: 20, be advisable with clear display;
C. font (runic, inclination, overstriking): runic, be advisable with clear display;
D. color: black;
E. position: the visual shape center of information agent
(4) movable start time, activity end time
Select the third mode for use, two attributes use same dimension coordinate
A. the basis function F (D) of dimension coordinate vector (D is a property value):
B. attribute codomain: from project start time to the project concluding time
C. step-length (Step): Step (D)=1
D. two-dimentional display packing: fill along the axial colour band of this dimension coordinate to the concluding time section from the outset.Texture is selected at random.
3 D displaying method: fill along this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis colour gamut to the concluding time section from the outset.Color: RGB (255,255,255)
E. corresponding relation between attribute: the corresponding concluding time of start time
Step 5:
According to the user information dimension chosen the cutting display space.A plurality of such display spaces can make up.The user can select to watch the information of three dimensional form to appear or the projection (two dimension appear) of three dimensional form on two-dimensional surface.The display result of a plurality of dimensions can be combined in user's display space.
In this sample, at first define a cartesian coordinate system, its initial point is defined in the visual range.Then, the activity sequence number that defines, the movable owner, movable start time, activity end time three visual dimensions are assembled, in visible space, set up cartesian coordinate system.Wherein length direction is parallel with the x direction of principal axis of cartesian coordinate system, and Width is parallel with the y direction of principal axis of cartesian coordinate system, and short transverse is parallel with the z direction of principal axis of cartesian coordinate system.The x positive dirction is defined as the activity time direction, and the y positive dirction is defined as activity sequence number direction, and the z positive dirction is defined as movable owner's direction.
This sample comprises the information agent visualization mapping that generates:
1. by the information agent in the three dimensions of activity time, activity sequence number, the movable owner three dimensions definition;
2. shining upon by the information agent on the two dimensional surface of activity time, two dimension definition of activity sequence number;
3. shining upon by the information agent on the two dimensional surface of activity time, two dimension definition of the movable owner;
4. shining upon by the information agent on the two dimensional surface of activity sequence number, two dimension definition of the movable owner.
Step 6: screen according to the codomain of each dimension in display space, the visualisation parameters definition of information agent visible, that meet the display type demand according to step 3 and step 4 shown.
The information agent that carries out visual example in this example has movable 1, movable 2, movable 3, movable 4.Its parameter by the preceding step definition is played up in the visual position that step 5 is stated.
Step 7: replenish the information that shows in the above-mentioned project information main body attribute of not being included in of user's request, can comprise following several types, concrete display packing and the inventive method are irrelevant, do not make concrete regulation:
1. timeliness is described, and demonstrates the project start time and is: 2010/3/14; The project concluding time is: 2011/3/14
2. affiliated relationship description, the project organizer of demonstrating is: the owner 1
3. state description.The project performance level of demonstrating is: do not begin
4. indicate and describe.Demonstrating project name is: " project sample "
The final effect that this sample method for visualizing is implemented is as shown in Figure 6.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Three, be directed against the mutual sample of sample
In order to give the user of visualization result fully, be necessary for this method visualization scheme and define one group of corresponding with it interbehavior the power to make decision of information representation content and mode.After implementing by the inventive method, enforceable peculiar exchange method type has: increase dimension, reduce dimension, change dimension coordinate axis block position or order, pick up information agent.
Increase dimension, reduce dimension, change dimension coordinate axis block position or order is meant that the user chooses the coordinate axis of representing dimension, coordinate axis is added, deleted and changes operation.In operating process, can change the display space/plane that is used for the display items display information agent.Above-mentioned three kinds relate to quoting method for visualizing step of the present invention alternately.
Picking up information agent is that the inventive method is implemented the back to the distinctive pick-up method of project information main body.
A kind of exchange method of project structure information, enforceable distinctive mutual type of the present invention and step are:
Type one: increase dimension.The user specifies and observes a new dimension, and carries out the dimension of association display with new dimension.In volume coordinate, be mapped as example in sample, to increase " Activity Type " this dimension:
Step 1: the user selects available dimension.In this example be " Activity Type ".
Step 2: the user selects dimension coordinate axis placement location.It in this example visual space z axle negative direction.
Step 3: carry out method for visualizing step of the present invention, for the visual of new dimension got ready.Wherein, " Activity Type " step 1 in method for visualizing of the present invention realizes in aforementioned sample, describing to step 3, needs additional step 4 and the step 5 of carrying out in the method for visualizing of the present invention:
(1) " Activity Type " selected first kind of method of application (with the coordinate system coupling, coordinate parameters being provided), correlation parameter is:
A. the basis function F (D) of dimension coordinate vector (D is a property value):
B. attribute codomain: by minimum sequence number to highest sequence number, discrete type
C. step-length (Step): Step (D)=1
D. two-dimentional display packing: fill along the wide colour band of this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis 0.5 * Step (D) at the property value place.Texture is selected at random.
3 D displaying method: fill along the wide colour gamut of this dimension coordinate direction of principal axis 0.5 * Step (D) at the property value place.Color: RGB (255,255,255)
The z negative direction that (2) will have now in the display space is defined as the Activity Type direction.
Increase by 3 information agent visualization mapping:
1) information agent in the three dimensions that defines by activity time, activity sequence number, three dimensions of Activity Type;
2) shining upon by the information agent on the two dimensional surface of activity time, two dimension definition of Activity Type;
3) shining upon by the information agent on the two dimensional surface of activity sequence number, two dimension definition of Activity Type;
Step 4: refresh display space, show the effect of visualization (promptly carrying out the method for visualizing step 6) of the dimension that makes new advances.After execution should be operated, effect was as shown in Figure 8.
Type two: reduce dimension.The user specifies and closes the observation to a dimension." Activity Type " in increasing the dimension sample, to add is example:
Step 1: the user selects existing dimension coordinate axis.In this example be " Activity Type ".
Step 2: reject the view relevant with this dimension.Be following four visualization result in this example:
1) information agent in the three dimensions that defines by activity time, activity sequence number, three dimensions of Activity Type;
2) the information agent projection on the two dimensional surface that defines by activity time, two dimensions of Activity Type;
3) the information agent projection on the two dimensional surface that defines by activity sequence number, two dimensions of Activity Type;
4) coordinate axis of deputy activity type.
Step 3: refresh effect of visualization (promptly carrying out the method for visualizing step 6).
Type three: change dimension coordinate axis block position or order.Combination display mode by user's specified dimension.Result with after the interpolation " Activity Type " in increasing the dimension sample is an example, and " Activity Type " and " activity sequence number " dimension is carried out the position exchange:
Step 1: the user selects the coordinate axis of the dimension of needs adjustment.In this example " Activity Type " and " activity sequence number ".
Step 2: the user selects to hope coordinate axis shift position extremely.In this example for " Activity Type " and " activity sequence number " position is exchanged.
Step 3: use the type of interaction operative combination of " the increase dimension " and " minimizing dimension " of serial to realize the adjustment target.Combination step in this example is: " type takes in sail "-＞" sequence number takes in sail "-＞" increase Activity Type "-＞" increase activity sequence number ".
Step 4: refresh effect of visualization (promptly carrying out the method for visualizing step 6).
After execution should be operated, effect was shown in figure 11.
Type four: pick up.In this method, visualization result is expressed as a plurality of visualization mapping (three-dimensional/two dimension) with an information agent.So, picking up of a visualization mapping is regarded as picking up all visualization mapping corresponding with the identical information main body in the present invention.The visualization mapping that triggers pick-up operation is regarded as " focus " visualization mapping, be different from the visualization mapping that other are picked up equally.Pick up " movable 1 " in this example, be defined in mark " choosing " printed words on the visualization mapping of being picked up, mark " focus " printed words on the focus visualization mapping.Effect is shown in figure 12.
Claims (2)
1. the three-dimensional visualization method of a project structure information, be characterised in that: it is following that it implements visual basic step:
Step 1: be written into project structure information, identification information agent is wherein set unique being used to for each information agent and is distinguished sign each other;
Step 2: the attribute that the organize your messages main body is comprised: each information agent has one or more attributes, and every kind of attribute is represented a kind of characteristic of main body, and attribute has following several types:
(1) timeliness of information agent is described, typically had: start time, concluding time, working time system;
(2) to the affiliated relationship description of information agent, typically have: set membership, previous task, rearmounted task, movable organizer, activity management person, the movable person of being responsible for, Resource Owner between activity;
(3) to the state description of information agent, typically have: activity performance level, movable health degree, resource consumption degree, the resource work saturation degree carried out;
(4) sign of information agent is described, typically had: activity name, resource name, Activity Type, resource type;
Step 3: the attributive character that the analytical information main body is common, it is regarded as an one-dimensional space, and definition:
(1) the value active domain of this one-dimensional space;
(2) ordering rule of value on this dimension;
Default value when (3) not having definition;
Step 4: according to user's request, dimension and method of application that decision shows:
At first, the method for application of dimension has following several kinds:
(1) with the coordinate system coupling, coordinate parameters is provided;
(2) with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, characteristic parameter is provided;
(3) cooperate with other attribute,, coordinate parameters is provided with the coordinate system coupling;
(4) cooperate with other attribute, the visualization mapping characteristic matching with information agent provides characteristic parameter;
Same dimension can select to implement simultaneously several method;
Secondly, confirm the parameter that every kind of method of application enforcement needs, wherein:
First kind of mode, promptly, need implement following coordinate parameters simultaneously with the coordinate coupling:
(1) the basis function form of dimension coordinate vector;
(2) this dimension codomain indication range;
Step-length function when (3) codomain is continuous space, or the step-length function of codomain when being discrete space;
(4) imformosome is in two dimension relevant with this dimension or the display packing under the three-dimensional environment;
The second way promptly with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, needs to implement following characteristic parameter:
(1) position that shows;
(2) visual form and concrete parameter thereof;
The third mode promptly cooperates with other attribute, with the coordinate system coupling, need implement following coordinate parameters simultaneously:
(1) the basis function form of dimension coordinate vector;
(2) this dimension codomain indication range;
Step-length function when (3) territory is continuous space, or the step-length function of codomain when being discrete space;
(4) imformosome is in two dimension relevant with this dimension or the display packing under the three-dimensional environment;
(5) objective attribute target attribute that matches;
(6) mapping relations between the coordinate axis;
The 4th kind of mode promptly cooperates with other attribute, with the visualization mapping characteristic matching of information agent, need implement following characteristic parameter simultaneously:
(1) position that shows;
(2) visual form and concrete parameter thereof;
(3) objective attribute target attribute that matches;
(4) with cooperate relevant parameter;
Step 5: the information dimension chosen cutting display space, the basic display pattern of display space according to the user; The user can select to watch the information of three dimensional form to appear or the projection of three dimensional form on two-dimensional surface; The basic display pattern of described display space is made up of two or three dimensions, comprises following element:
(1) is used to represent the coordinate axis of dimension positive dirction, needs to confirm direction and the dimension of this coordinate axis value at the initial point place;
(2) initial point, the reference position of all coordinate axis all overlaps with initial point;
(3) per two dimensions are formed a display plane;
(4) three dimensions are formed one and are shown solid space;
(5) demonstration of information agent in the described demonstration solid space of above-mentioned (4) point, the demonstration of each information agent in same three dimensions can only occur once;
(6) demonstration of information agent on the said display plane of above-mentioned (3) point, the demonstration of each information agent in same two-dimensional space can only occur once;
The display result of a plurality of dimensions can be combined in user's display space, when user's decision is made up, needs to observe following rule:
(1) dimension in each combination is all used same initial point;
(2) different demonstration solid space borders can overlap, but do not allow the different solid spaces that show to intersect;
Step 6: screen according to the codomain of each dimension in display space, the visualisation parameters definition of information agent visible, that meet the display type demand according to step 3 and step 4 shown;
Step 7: replenish the information that shows in the above-mentioned project information main body attribute of not being included in of user's request, can comprise following several types:
(1) timeliness is described, and typically has: project start time, project concluding time;
(2) relationship description under typically has: project organizer, project administrator, the project person of being responsible for;
(3) state description typically has: project performance level, project implementation health degree;
(4) indicate description, typically have: project name, item types.
2. the three-dimensional visualization method of a kind of project structure information according to claim 1 is characterised in that: the attribute itself that information agent comprised in the said step 2 has the plurality of sub attribute, comprises following several:
(1) Property Name;
(2) attribute type is worth and is discrete magnitude or continuous quantity;
(3) functional description of attribute;
(4) attribute codomain;
(5) attribute is described the dependence of other attributes.
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| CN112231393A (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-01-15 | 长沙树根互联技术有限公司 | Multi-dimensional data visualization method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN112231393B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2021-03-16 | 长沙树根互联技术有限公司 | Multi-dimensional data visualization method and device and electronic equipment |
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