CN102495041B - Optical diagnostic system on basis of laser spontaneous Raman scattered ray imaging - Google Patents
Optical diagnostic system on basis of laser spontaneous Raman scattered ray imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical diagnostic system on the basis of laser spontaneous Raman scattered ray imaging, belonging to the technical field of laser spectrum testing. According to the invention, a laser pulse shaper is arranged between a laser and a gas sample tank; a cutoff device is arranged at one end of a laser emergence quartz window of the gas sample tank; a total reflective mirror is arranged between an outlet of a scattered ray output quartz window of the gas sample tank and a line light source collector at an angle of 45 degrees; an optical filter is arranged between the line light source collector and an inlet of a spectrometer; an outlet of the spectrometer is respectively connected with an ICCD (Intensified Charge Coupled Device) and an inlet of a measurement and control machine; the ICCD is also respectively connected with the laser and the measurement and control machine; and due to the adoption of the optical diagnostic system, the phenomena of gas fracturing,damage to optical elements and the quartz windows, ignition of inflammable gases and the like can be effectively avoided, the weak Raman scattering signal to noise ratio can be effectively improved, and a multichannel gas Raman spectrum experiment proves that the optical diagnostic system can be applied to synchronous quantitative measurement in a plurality of regions of the gas mixture concentration in an optical engine.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the laser spectrum technical field of measurement and test, be specifically related to utilize laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging quantitative measurment gas concentration.
Background technology
Spontaneous Raman scattering (Spontaneous Raman Scattering, SRS) can be in various combustion fields (as engine, burner and flame etc.) quantitative measurment main matter synchronously, as N
2, O
2, H
2O, CO
2Concentration information with gases such as hydrocarbons.Because this combustion diagnosis technology based on laser has untouchable and feature time-space resolution, has been widely used in the Study on Combustion Process under the various complex environments.But all be laser beam to be focused on focus lamp to form (about long 1mm) with a tight waist earlier at present both at home and abroad, and it is put in is detected on the zone, and then the Raman diffused light on will being girdled the waist by collection optical system collects and focuses on chromatic dispersion in the spectrometer, is imaged on CCD at last and goes up by acquisition and recording.Obviously, if want to survey physical message on other zone, the position of mobile focus lamp and light collecting system simultaneously, the perhaps position of mobile burner, this has just caused, and multiple spot detects the non real-time problem in the combustion field with turbulent flow and concentration change.
In addition, in the SRS of combustion process experiment, the general pulse laser that adopts is as excitation source, be on the one hand because pulsed laser output energy is bigger, need on the other hand with the combustion system with sequential relationship (as engine) carry out on the working cycle synchronously, have the circulation resolution characteristic, and do not influence the integral combustion process.The SRS signal of gaseous state is very weak (is about 10 of excitation light intensity
-12), in order to obtain the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that energy that high-quality SRS data must improve pulse laser improves system.But too high pulse laser can cause the damage of gas cracking, the optical element on the laser beam path and quartzy sealed window on the focal zone and directly light flammable gas to be measured.
At present, also there is not a kind of optical diagnostic system that can solve above two aspect problems.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging.
The present invention is by laser instrument 1, shaping for laser pulse device 2, gas sample pond 3, form by device 4, total reflective mirror 5, line source gatherer 6, optical filter 7, spectrometer 8, ICCD9 and observing and controlling machine 10, wherein shaping for laser pulse device 2 places between the laser instrument 1 gentle sample pond 3, and the incident light of plano-concave lens I 11 centers of laser beam expander A and laser instrument 1 is on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device 2; Laser incident quartz window 29 centers in the center of the plano-concave lens II 23 of laser contracting bundle device C and gas sample pond 3 are on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device 2; Laser emitting quartz window 27 1 ends in gas sample pond 3 are equipped with by device 4; Total reflective mirror 5 is between plano-convex lens III 35 ends that 45 places scattered light output quartz window 28 outlets in gas sample pond 3 and line source gatherer 6; Optical filter 7 places between the entrance of concave-convex lens 31 ends of line source gatherer 6 and spectrometer 8, and the center of optical filter 7, concave-convex lens 31 and spectrometer 8 entrances is on same straight line; The outlet of spectrometer 8 is connected with the entrance of observing and controlling machine 10 with ICCD9 respectively; ICCD9 also is connected with laser instrument 1, observing and controlling machine 10 respectively.
Shaping for laser pulse device 2 is made up of laser beam expander A, laser pulse stretching device B and laser contracting bundle device C, and wherein laser beam expander A is made up of plano-concave lens I 11 and plano-convex lens I 12, and the center of plano-concave lens I 11 and plano-convex lens I 12 is on same straight line; Laser pulse stretching device B is by 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13,0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14,45 incidence reflection mirror II 15,0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16,0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17,0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18,45 incident beam splitter I 19,45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 and 45 incident beam splitter II 21 are formed, by 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13,0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 and 45 incident beam splitter II 21 constitute the first optics ring cavity, wherein 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 places the place ahead of incident laser, 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 places incidence reflection mirror II 16 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle, and 45 incident beam splitter II 21 places input laser q and 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 catoptrical intersections; Constitute the second optics ring cavity by 14,0 ° of angle of incidence reflection mirror I, 18,0 ° of angle of incidence reflection mirror IV, 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17,45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 and 45 incident beam splitter I 19, wherein 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 places 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 catoptrical the place aheads; 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18 places 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 catoptrical the place aheads; 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14 places incidence reflection mirror IV 18 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle; 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17 places incidence reflection mirror I 14 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle; 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 places incidence reflection mirror III 17 catoptrical the place aheads, 0 ° of angle; 45 incident beam splitter I 19 places 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 reflected light and 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 catoptrical intersections; Laser contracting bundle device C is made up of planoconvex lens 22 and plano-concave lens II 23, and the center of plano-convex lens II 22 and plano-concave lens II 23 is on same straight line; Planoconvex lens 12 among the laser beam expander A and the center of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 among the laser pulse stretching device B are on same straight line; Plano-convex lens II 22 among the laser contracting bundle device C places 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 catoptrical the place aheads of laser pulse stretching device B; Plano-convex lens II 22 centers among 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 reflected light among the laser pulse stretching device B and the laser contracting bundle device C are on same straight line.
Gas sample pond 3 is made up of gas access 24, gas vent 25, gas sample pond lid 26, laser emitting quartz window 27, scattered light output quartz window 28, laser incident quartz window 29 gentle sample tank main bodies 30, wherein laser incident quartz window 29 is located at gas sample tank main body 30 1 sides, laser emitting quartz window 27 is located at gas sample tank main body 30 opposite sides, scattered light output quartz window 28 is fixed in gas sample tank main body 30 middle parts, gas sample pond lid 26 is located at gas sample tank main body 30 tops, and gas access 24 and gas vent 25 are fixed in gas sample pond and cover 26 tops.
Line source gatherer 6 is made up of plano-convex lens III 35, achromatism concave-convex lens II 34, achromatism concave-convex lens I 33, biconvex lens 32 and concave-convex lens 31, wherein plano-convex lens III 35, achromatism concave-convex lens II 34, achromatism concave-convex lens I 33, biconvex lens 32 and concave-convex lens 31 are arranged in order, and its center is on same straight line.
Adopt the present invention can effectively avoid gas cracking, optical element and quartz window to damage and inflammable gas such as lights at the generation of phenomenon, effectively improve weak Raman scattering signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio).The beam expander of design can will form the parallel excitation source of 1mm diameter with contracting bundle device in the lasing region of original laser behind 10m of 8mm diameter.Designed a cover combination achromat group, can be to greatest extent that 66mm is long scattered beam dwindles 10 times and becomes the high real image of 6.6mm, with the maximum vertically matched of CCD.Use the DDG that joins in the CCD
TMCan realize that the sequential between laser instrument and the ICCD is synchronous.
Adopt the present invention can effectively avoid gas cracking, optical element and quartz window to damage and inflammable gas such as lights at the generation of phenomenon, effectively improve weak Raman scattering signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), experimental results show that by the multi-channel gas Raman spectrum: the present invention can be applicable in the optical engine quantitative measurement synchronous on the mixture strength multizone.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation based on the optical diagnostic system of laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of laser beam expander
Fig. 3 laser pulse stretching device structural representation
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of laser contracting bundle device
Fig. 5 is gas sample pool structure synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 is line source collector structure synoptic diagram
Wherein: A - represents laser beam expander; B - represents laser pulse stretcher; C - represents laser contracting bundle device; 1. Lasers 2 laser pulse shaper 3 gas sample cell 4. Deadline is 5. Holophote 6 line source collector 7. filter 8 spectrometer 9.ICCD 10. monitoring machine 11. plano concave Ⅰ 12. plano-convex lens Ⅰ 13.45 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅰ 14.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅰ 15.45 ° angle of incidence reflection mirror Ⅱ 16.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅱ 17.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅲ 18.0 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅳ 19.45 ° angle of incidence of the beam splitter Ⅰ 20.45 ° angle of incidence mirrors Ⅲ 21.45 ° angle of incidence of the beam splitter Ⅱ 22. Ping convex Ⅱ 23. plano concave Ⅱ 24. gas inlet 25. gas outlet 26. gas sample cell cover 27 laser emitting quartz window 28. scattered light output quartz window 29. laser incident quartz window 30. gas sample cell body 31. meniscus lens 32 lenticular lens 33. achromatic meniscus lens Ⅰ 34. achromatic meniscus lens Ⅱ 35. plano-convex lens Ⅲ q-input laser D - output laser
Fig. 7 is 5%CO
2And 95%N
2Mix three-dimensional Raman spectrum curve synoptic diagram down
Wherein: X-axis represents wavelength, and Y-axis represents photon number, and the Z axle represents port number
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the structure of utilizing induced with laser gas SRS optical diagnostic system.
The laser instrument 1 that the SRS light source adopts is the flash lamp pumping Nd:YAG laser instrument that the LS-2137U type of Byelorussia LOTIS LII company is transferred Q.Choosing wavelength is 532nm (nanometer), and frequency is the pulse laser output of 10Hz (hertz).When pumping lamp can be when 40J (Jiao Er), 400mj (milli Jiao Er) energy, the about 0.4GW of peak power (gigawatt), halfwidth (Full width at halfmaximum intensity that laser instrument output is stable, FWHM) be the spike pulse laser of 6.5ns (nanosecond), beam divergence angle is less than 1mrad (milliradian), and spot diameter is 8mm (millimeter).
Employed laser beam expander A as shown in Figure 2 can be with the beam expander of 8mm diameter to 16mm.
Employed laser pulse stretching device B has two optics ring cavities as shown in Figure 3, and wherein, the reflectivity of 45 incident beam splitter II 21 is 48%, and the reflectivity of 45 incident beam splitter I 19 is 51%.The reflectivity of all 45 ° of incidence reflection mirrors is 99.5%, and the reflectivity of all 0 ° of incidence reflection mirrors is 99.0%.
Centre distance between 45 incident beam splitter II 21 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 is 0.82m, centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II 16 and the 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 is 0.93m, centre distance between 45 incidence reflection mirror I 13 and the 45 incident beam splitter II 21 is 0.2m, centre distance between 45 incident beam splitter II 21 and the 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 is 0.4m, centre distance between 45 incidence reflection mirror III 20 and the 45 incident beam splitter I 19 is 0.1m, centre distance between 45 incident beam splitter I 19 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18 is 0.8m, centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV 18 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14 is 0.88m, centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I 14 and the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17 is 0.86m, centre distance between 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III 17 and the 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 is 0.85m, and the centre distance between 45 incidence reflection mirror II 15 and the 45 incident beam splitter I 19 is 0.455m.By being about 6.5ns the time delay of calculating the first optics ring cavity, just equal the FWHM of former laser.Be about 13.2ns the time delay of the second optics ring cavity, ratio was close to desirable 1: 2.
Employed laser contracting bundle device C as shown in Figure 4.The light beam contracting bundle of 16mm diameter can be arrived 1mm.
Employed gas sample pond as shown in Figure 5.It allows to charge into 5 atmospheric mixed gass, and laser emitting quartz window 27, scattered light output quartz window 28 and laser incident quartz window 29 are arranged.
Employed line source gatherer can dwindle the scattered light of long 66mm 10 times, and has the achromatism function.
Employed total reflective mirror 5, purpose are the light path forms of simulating fully on the actual optical engine.
The Surespectrum 500is/sm type imaging spectrometer that employed spectrometer 8 is U.S. Bruker company, it has adopted Czerny-Turner (Che Erni-Tener) light channel structure, principal feature is that it can carry out the chromatic dispersion of complex light by the longitudinal space position, be that spectrometer 8 slit lengthwise positions are corresponding one by one with the lengthwise position of CCD image planes, allow the multi-channel spectral signals collecting.In the experiment, slit is adjusted to 200 μ m, and grating is selected 150g/mm for use.
Employed ICCD9 is the iStar DH 720-18F-03 enhancement mode CCD of Britain Andor company, and ccd sensor is of a size of 256 pixels (vertically) * 1024 pixels (laterally), and minimum pixel is 26 μ m * 26 μ m.It and spectrometer 8 are united use.Its inside is furnished with digital delay generator DDG
TM, finish sequential control and the collection analysis spectral signal of three equipment rooms by the observing and controlling computing machine.In the experiment, gain is set to 200, and portal vein is wide to be 40ns.
Experimental result and analysis:
1. multi-channel spectral data under the different mixture strengths of uniform pressure
In gas sample pond, charge into 3kgf/cm
2Variable concentrations under CO
2And N
2Mixed gas.Fig. 7 shows 5%CO
2And 95%N
2Original three-dimensional Raman spectrum curve during mixing.Table 1 shows under this pressure, the standard deviation A of two kinds of gas peak areas
STD-CO2And A
STD-N2Situation of change with different matched proportion densities.The standard deviation of each peak area is the statistics on 10 search coverages.
Table 1 is at 3kgf/cm
2The standard deviation of the following 2 kinds of gas SRS spectrum peak areas of the following 6 kinds of experiment conditions of pressure
As seen, along with the increase of concentration, the standard deviation of the peak area of the SRS spectrum of every kind of material reduces gradually, and degree of accuracy improves thereupon.Use institute's development system, the detecting area that 66mm is long, when being divided into 10 equally spaced zones about each 6mm and carrying out the SRS spectra collection, the concentration by the peak face amount calculates can reach 2% measuring accuracy.
Multi-channel spectral data under the 2 different pressures same mixture gas concentration
In gas sample pond, charge into 5%CO
2And 95%N
2, carried out the SRS experiment of 5 kinds of different pressures.Table 2 shows under this concentration, the standard deviation A of two kinds of gas peak areas
STD-CO2And A
STD-N2With the different pressures situation of change.The standard deviation of each peak area is the statistics on 10 zones.
Table 2 is at 5%CO
2And 95%N
2The standard deviation of the following 2 kinds of gas SRS spectrum peak areas of concentration conditions
As seen, along with the attenuating of pressure, the standard deviation of the peak area of the SRS spectrum of every kind of material increases gradually, and degree of accuracy descends thereupon.But when being lower than 1 atmospheric pressure, still can measure the SRS spectroscopic data of gaseous matter.
Claims (4)
1. optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging, by laser instrument (1), shaping for laser pulse device (2), gas sample pond (3), form by device (4), total reflective mirror (5), line source gatherer (6), optical filter (7), spectrometer (8), ICCD (9) and observing and controlling machine (10), it is characterized in that wherein shaping for laser pulse device (2) places between laser instrument (1) the gentle sample pond (3), the incident light of plano-concave lens I (11) center of laser beam expander (A) and laser instrument (1) is on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device (2); Laser incident quartz window (29) center in the center of the plano-concave lens II (23) of laser contracting bundle device (C) and gas sample pond (3) is on same straight line in the shaping for laser pulse device (2); Laser emitting quartz window (27) one ends in gas sample pond (3) are equipped with by device (4); Total reflective mirror (5) is between plano-convex lens III (35) that 45 places scattered light output quartz window (28) outlet in gas sample pond (3) and line source gatherer (6) holds; Optical filter (7) places between the entrance of concave-convex lens (31) end of line source gatherer (6) and spectrometer (8), and the center of optical filter (7), concave-convex lens (31) and spectrometer (8) entrance is on same straight line; The outlet of spectrometer (8) is connected with the entrance of observing and controlling machine (10) with ICCD (9) respectively; ICCD (9) also is connected with laser instrument (1), observing and controlling machine (10) respectively.
2. by the described optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging of claim 1, it is characterized in that described shaping for laser pulse device (2) is made up of laser beam expander (A), laser pulse stretching device (B) and laser contracting bundle device (C), wherein laser beam expander (A) is made up of plano-concave lens I (11) and plano-convex lens I (12), and the center of plano-concave lens I (11) and plano-convex lens I (12) is on same straight line; Laser pulse stretching device (B) is by 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14), 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18), 45 incident beam splitter I (19), 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20) and 45 incident beam splitter II (21) are formed, by 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16) and 45 incident beam splitter II (21) constitute the first optics ring cavity, wherein 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16) places the place ahead of incident laser, 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16), and 45 incident beam splitter II (21) places input laser (q) and the catoptrical intersection of 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13); Constitute the second optics ring cavity by 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14), 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17), 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) and 45 incident beam splitter I (19), wherein 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 45 incidence reflection mirror I (13); 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20); 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror IV (18); 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror I (14); 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) places the catoptrical the place ahead of 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror III (17); 45 incident beam splitter I (19) places 45 incidence reflection mirror III (20) reflected light and the catoptrical intersection of 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15); Laser contracting bundle device (C) is made up of planoconvex lens (22) and plano-concave lens II (23), and the center of plano-convex lens II (22) and plano-concave lens II (23) is on same straight line; The center of the 0 ° of angle incidence reflection mirror II (16) in the planoconvex lens (12) in the laser beam expander (A) and the laser pulse stretching device (B) is on same straight line; Plano-convex lens II (22) in the laser contracting bundle device (C) places catoptrical the place ahead of 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) of laser pulse stretching device (B); Plano-convex lens II (22) center in 45 incidence reflection mirror II (15) reflected light in the laser pulse stretching device (B) and the laser contracting bundle device (C) is on same straight line.
3. by the described optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging of claim 1, it is characterized in that described gas sample pond (3) is by gas access (24), gas vent (25), gas sample Chi Gai (26), laser emitting quartz window (27), scattered light output quartz window (28), the gentle sample tank main body of laser incident quartz window (29) (30) is formed, wherein laser incident quartz window (29) is located at gas sample tank main body (30) one sides, laser emitting quartz window (27) is located at gas sample tank main body (30) opposite side, scattered light output quartz window (28) is fixed in gas sample tank main body (30) middle part, gas sample Chi Gai (26) is located at gas sample tank main body (30) top, and gas access (24) and gas vent (25) are fixed in gas sample Chi Gai (26) top.
4. by the described optical diagnostic system based on laser spontaneous Raman scattering line imaging of claim 1, it is characterized in that described line source gatherer (6) is made up of plano-convex lens III (35), achromatism concave-convex lens II (34), achromatism concave-convex lens I (33), biconvex lens (32) and concave-convex lens (31), wherein plano-convex lens III (35), achromatism concave-convex lens II (34), achromatism concave-convex lens I (33), biconvex lens (32) and concave-convex lens (31) are arranged in order, and its center is on same straight line.
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