CN102491753A - TiB2 composite cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
TiB2 composite cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102491753A CN102491753A CN2011103722218A CN201110372221A CN102491753A CN 102491753 A CN102491753 A CN 102491753A CN 2011103722218 A CN2011103722218 A CN 2011103722218A CN 201110372221 A CN201110372221 A CN 201110372221A CN 102491753 A CN102491753 A CN 102491753A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a formula of a wettable cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and a preparation method thereof, and concretely relates to a TiB2 composite cathode material for the aluminum electrolysis and a preparation method thereof. The formula is characterized in that the TiB2 composite cathode material mainly comprises TiB2, a metallic oxide X, a binder Y and a dispersant Z. In the preparation process, a titanium, zirconium or magnesium oxide and TiB2 powder, which are mixed and molded at normal temperature, are sintered at a low temperature to make the material be densified. A conclusion of various laboratory tests is that the material has the advantages of low resistivity, good wettability with molten aluminum, easy processing, and suitableness of mass industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the prescription and the technology of preparing thereof of electrolysis of aluminum wettability cathode material.
Background technology
The carbon cathode and the aluminum-liquid wetting property of existing aluminium cell are poor, in order to keep the steady of molten metal aluminium cathode surface, must keep the aluminium liquid of suitable thickness in the aluminium cell.Flow and fluctuation because aluminium liquid is produced by the effect of high-intensity magnetic field, this not only makes must keep higher pole span between cathode and anode, and has increased the secondary reaction loss of aluminium.Cathode material not only will carry electric action, also will bear the chemical erosion of high temperature cryolite melts and the physics erosion of aluminium liquid, and therefore, the cathode material performance directly has influence on the work-ing life of electrolyzer.Carbon cathode is prone to by the fused salt infiltration, can give birth to reactive aluminum to become aluminium carbide in addition, forms the bottom land deposition on the carbon cathode surface of moistening aluminium not easily, causes that cathode drop increases, the distribution of current inequality, finally causes the expansion, breakage of negative electrode etc.
TiB
2Owing to have excellent conductivity, be prone to, become the preferred material of making used for aluminium electrolysis wettability inert cathode by wetting, good corrosion-resistant and antioxidant properties of molten metal such as aluminium liquid.In recent years, the inert cathode material that aluminium electrolytic industry is developed comprises: TiB
2-carbon composite cathode material, TiB
2-graphite-based and TiB
2-alumina-ceramic cathode material, and cathode inner lining applies TiB
2-charcoal gel coating cathode materials etc., they all are applicable to inert cathode material the industrial production proof, but self-defect is all being arranged in varying degrees.Patent US5651874, CN1448542, CN1405358 and CN1537974 have introduced a kind of electrolysis of aluminum TiB
2Though-C cathode preparation methods is TiB
2-C cathode material has thermostability, electroconductibility, aluminium liquid wettability, erosion resistance preferably, and has close linear expansivity and good bond performance with the cathode carbon pieces matrix, but TiB in the electrolytic process
2-charcoal gel coating is prone to machinery or physics comes off; The local charing of coating, thermal stresses is big, very easily causes early stage powdery to come off or local bulk phenomenon such as come off.Patent CN1537975 introduces TiB
2/ Al
2O
3Cathode, but the electric conductivity of this coating is lower, TiB
2/ aluminium colloidal sol ceramic cathode material, though have good mechanical performance and specific conductivity, it is through generating 9Al that material itself combines
2O
32B
2O
3As the bonding phase, Ross H. Plovnick confirms 9Al through research
2O
32B
2O
3Can generate TiB with the reaction of aluminium liquid
2And Al
2O
3, finally cause TiB
2/ aluminium colloidal sol ceramic cathode material monolithic consumes and structural damage, has impassable defective.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to TiB
2-C cathode, TiB
2/ Al
2O
3Cathode and TiB
2/ aluminium colloidal sol ceramic cathode material machinery possibly occur or physics peels off, the thermal stresses inequality causes that coating drops etc., resistivity is low and deficiencies such as cathode material and the reaction of aluminium liquid.Provide a kind of can be wetting with aluminium liquid height, refractory melts ionogen and oozes erosion and the erosion of aluminium liquid, high conduction and low-cost, can effectively realize cryogenic activating sintering, the aluminum electrolyzing cell used TiB of the material that homogenizes
2Composite cathode material and preparation method thereof.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB
2Composite cathode material is characterized in that described TiB
2Composite cathode material mainly comprises TiB
2, MOX X, sticker Y and dispersion agent Z.
TiB wherein
2Granularity is 3-8 μ m; MOX X is at least a in Ti, Zr and the Mg type oxide or their combination, and wherein the titanium type oxide comprises TiO
2, titanium colloidal sol and TiBO
3The zirconium type oxide comprises ZrO
2With zirconium colloidal sol; The magnesium type oxide comprises MgO and Mg (OH)
2, grain graininess is 1 μ m-30 μ m except that solation; Sticker is at least a in Z 150PH (PVA), paraffin and the Triple Pressed Stearic Acid; Dispersion agent is at least a in ethanol, acetone and the Virahol.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB of the present invention
2The preparation method of composite cathode material, the TiB when it is characterized in that batch mixing
2The quality percentage composition is 70%-90%; MOX X solid masses percentage composition (being called for short solids content, down together) is 10%-30%; Sticker Y addition is TiB
21%-3% with MOX X total solids level; Dispersion agent Z addition is TiB
210%-30% with MOX X total solids level.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB
2The preparation method of composite cathode material is characterized in that its preparation process may further comprise the steps:
1) batch mixing:
According to the requirement of technical recipe, accurately take by weighing each material in proportion, with TiB
2Powder and MOX X mix 5 ~ 15min, and adding sticker Y mixes stirring 30 ~ 60min with dispersion agent Z continued after, equipment break process is again refunded in oven dry, and sieving is required powder.
2) moulding:
To the moulding of raw material normal pressure: at ambient temperature, pressed powder is slowly joined mould inner pressure process type and make TiB
2The composite cathode material green compact.
3) degreasing and sintering:
With TiB
2The composite cathode material green compact place and carry out degreasing and sintering under the protectiveness inert atmosphere, and whole process all adopts the carbon dust landfill to carry out.The skimming treatment temperature is 300 ℃-600 ℃, and degreasing time is 6h-48h; Sintering temperature is 1500 ℃-1800 ℃, adopts different temperature rise rates to be heated to target temperature respectively, and wherein preferred temperature is 1650 ℃-1750 ℃, and sintering time is 24h-72h.The inert atmosphere that adopts in the process is at least a from vacuum, Ar or H
2, atmosphere O
2Content is controlled at below the 100ppm.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB of the present invention
2Composite cathode material, functional with aluminum-liquid wetting, improve aluminum-liquid wetting property reduction pole span; Electric conductivity is high, and energy efficient is had significant effect; Wear-resistant, life cycle is long, improves the work-ing life of inert cathode material; Sintering is realized the material densification sintering under relatively lower temp, reduces material cost; Realize TiB
2The homogeneous moulding of composite cathode material, manufacturing cost is far below heat pressing process.
Description of drawings
TiB
2Composite cathode material, preparation technology's schema technology such as accompanying drawing 1.
Embodiment
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB
2Composite cathode material, described TiB
2Composite cathode material mainly comprises TiB
2, MOX X, sticker Y and dispersion agent Z.TiB wherein
2Granularity is 3-8 μ m; MOX X is at least a in Ti, Zr and the Mg type oxide or their combination, and wherein the titanium type oxide comprises TiO
2, titanium colloidal sol and TiBO
3The zirconium type oxide comprises ZrO
2With zirconium colloidal sol; The magnesium type oxide comprises MgO and Mg (OH)
2, grain graininess is 1 μ m-30 μ m except that solation; Sticker is at least a in Z 150PH (PVA), paraffin and the Triple Pressed Stearic Acid; Dispersion agent is at least a in ethanol, acetone and the Virahol.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB of the present invention
2The preparation method of composite cathode material, the TiB during batch mixing
2The quality percentage composition is 70% ~ 90%; MOX X solid masses percentage composition (being called for short solids content, down together) is 10% ~ 30%; Sticker Y addition is TiB
21%-3% with MOX X total solids level; Dispersion agent Z addition is TiB
210%-30% with MOX X total solids level.
A kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB
2The preparation method of composite cathode material, its preparation process may further comprise the steps:
1) batch mixing:
According to the requirement of technical recipe, accurately take by weighing each material in proportion, with TiB
2Powder and MOX X mixing 5-15min, adding sticker Y mixes stirring 30-60min with dispersion agent Z continued after, equipment break process is again refunded in oven dry, and sieving is required powder.
2) moulding:
To the moulding of raw material normal pressure: at ambient temperature, pressed powder is slowly joined mould inner pressure process type and make TiB
2The composite cathode material green compact.
3) degreasing and sintering:
With TiB
2The composite cathode material green compact place and carry out degreasing and sintering under the protectiveness inert atmosphere, and whole process all adopts the carbon dust landfill to carry out.The skimming treatment temperature is 300 ℃-600 ℃, and degreasing time is 6h-48h; Sintering temperature is 1500 ℃-1800 ℃, adopts different temperature rise rates to be heated to target temperature respectively, and wherein preferred temperature is 1650 ℃-1750 ℃, and sintering time is 24h-72h.The inert atmosphere that adopts in the process is at least a from vacuum, Ar or H
2, atmosphere O
2Content is controlled at below the 100ppm.
Embodiment 1
With tetrabutyl titanate (C
16H
36O
4Ti) be presoma, methyl ethyl diketone (Hacac), nitric acid (HNO
3) and ethanol (C
2H
5OH) for suppressor factor prepares titanium colloidal sol, water is reagent, according to C
16H
36O
4Ti:C
2H
5OH:H
2O:HNO
3: it is 6.25% titanium sol solution that Hacac=1:18:2:0.2:0.5 (mol ratio) configuration obtains solid content.
According to TiB
2Powder (3 ~ 8 μ m) content 20%; After titanium sol solution (solid content 6.25%) content 80% accurately takes by weighing, add whipping device mixing 5min, the Triple Pressed Stearic Acid and raw material total solids level 10% acetone that add raw material total solids level 1% continue to mix 30min; Through 80 ℃ of oven dry; The gained material is broken, carry out compression molding behind 18 mesh sieves excessively, pressure is 150Mpa.Sample is used the carbon dust landfill after the moulding, and through the Ar gas-protecting sintering, sintering temperature is 1550 ℃.The thing phase composite of sample is TiB behind the sintering
2And TiBO
3And the Ti type oxide, density is 2.3g/cm
3, percentage of open area is 35%, folding strength is at 28MPa.
Embodiment 2
With 5 ~ 10 μ m TiO
2Powder, 10 ~ 20 μ m TiBO
3With 3 ~ 5 μ m TiB
2Powder is a main raw material, and Z 150PH (PVA) prepares TiB for forming agent
2Composite cathode.TiO in the raw material
2Content of powder accounts for 5%, TiBO
3Content of powder accounts for 5% and TiB
2Content of powder accounts for 90%, raw material is added mix 15min in the kneader, and the Z 150PH and raw material total solids level 15% absolute ethyl alcohol that add raw material total solids level 3% continue to mix 60min, and the slurry that obtains places 100 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven.Sample after the oven dry is reentered into and carries out fragmentation in the kneader, carries out compression molding, pressure 150Mpa behind 18 mesh sieves excessively.
Sample is used the carbon dust landfill after the moulding, and through the Ar gas-protecting sintering, wherein the skimming temp section is 300～600 ℃, and degreasing time is about 36h, and final sintering temperature is 1650 ℃.The density of sample is 2.48g/cm behind the sintering
3, percentage of open area is 31%, Vickers' hardness: HV=420 kgf/mm
2
Embodiment 3
With tetrabutyl titanate (C
16H
36O
4Ti) be raw material, methyl ethyl diketone (Hacac), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ethanol are that suppressor factor prepares titanium colloidal sol, and water is reagent, according to C
16H
36O
4Ti:C
2H
5OH:H
2It is 4.8% titanium sol solution that O:HCl:Hacac=1:25:2:0.5:1 (mol ratio) configuration obtains solid content.
By 6 ~ 8 μ m TiB
2Content of powder 45%, titanium sol solution (solid content 4.5%) content 45% and 10 ~ 20 μ mMg (OH)
2Content of powder 10% mixes 10min, and the absolute ethyl alcohol that adds raw material total solids level 1% Z 150PH and raw material total solids level 15% continues to stir 30min; Through 80 ℃ of oven dry, the gained material is broken, carry out vibrating forming behind 80 mesh sieves excessively; Pressure is 200Mpa, molding time 8s.Sample is used the carbon dust landfill after the moulding, and through the Ar gas-protecting sintering, sintering temperature is 1700 ℃.Sample behind the sintering, density are 2.7g/cm
3, percentage of open area is 28%, folding strength is at 45MPa, Vickers' hardness: HV=478.3 Kgf/mm
2
Embodiment 4
With basic zirconium chloride (ZrOCl
2H
2O) be presoma, with ydrogen peroxide 50 (H
2O
2) be hydrolytic accelerating agent, propyl carbinol is a tensio-active agent, in molar ratio: Zr
4+: H
2O
2: the ratio of propyl carbinol=1:4.3:4 takes by weighing raw material, and it is 1mol/L zirconium sol solution (solid content 12.3%) that configuration can obtain concentration.
By 3 ~ 8 μ m TiB
2Content of powder 50%; Zirconium sol solution (solid content 12.3%) content 50% mixes 15min; Add raw material total solids level 1% Triple Pressed Stearic Acid and raw material total solids level 10% Virahol and continue to stir 60min, through 80 ℃ of oven dry, that the gained material is broken; Carry out compression molding after crossing 18 mesh sieves, pressure is 1500Mpa.Sample is used the carbon dust landfill after the moulding, and through the Ar gas-protecting sintering, sintering temperature is 1700 ℃.Sample rate is 2.28g/cm behind the sintering
3, percentage of open area is 34%, folding strength is at 22MPa, Vickers' hardness: HV=237 Kgf/mm
2
Embodiment 5
With tetrabutyl titanate (C
16H
36O
4Ti) be raw material, ethanol and glacial acetic acid (CH
3COOH) for suppressor factor prepares titanium colloidal sol, water is reagent, according to C
16H
36O
4Ti:C
2H
5OH:H
2O:CH
3It is 12% titanium sol solution that COOH=1:8:2:0.5 (mol ratio) configuration obtains solid content.
By 3 ~ 8 μ m TiB
2Content of powder 40%, titanium sol solution (solid content 12%) content 54%, 10 ~ 20 μ m ZrO
2Content of powder 3% and 1 ~ 10 μ m MgO content of powder 3% mix 15min; The Virahol that adds raw material total solids level 1% Triple Pressed Stearic Acid and raw material total solids level 20% continues to stir 30min, and is through 100 ℃ of oven dry, that the gained material is broken; Carry out compression molding after crossing 18 mesh sieves, pressure is 150Mpa.Sample is used the carbon dust landfill after the moulding, and through the vacuum protection sintering, sintering temperature is 1600 ℃.The density of sample is 2.9g/cm behind the sintering
3, percentage of open area is 22%, folding strength is at 60MPa, Vickers' hardness: HV=560 Kgf/mm
2
Embodiment 6
With 3 ~ 8 μ m TiB
2Powder and 20 ~ 30 μ m TiO
2, 5 ~ 15 μ m MgO and 10 ~ 20 μ m ZrO
2Be main raw material, paraffin is that forming agent prepares TiB
2Composite cathode material.TiO in the raw material
2, MgO and ZrO
2Content of powder is 10%, TiB
2Content of powder 70%, with mixing 15min in four kinds of raw materials adding kneaders, the paraffin and raw material total solids level 30% Virahol that add raw material total solids level 3% are that dispersion agent continues to mix 30min, and the slurry that obtains is placed 80 ℃ of oven dry of baking oven.Sample after the oven dry is reentered into and carries out fragmentation in the kneader, carry out compression molding, pressure 150Mpa after crossing 18 mesh sieves.
Sample is used the carbon dust landfill after the moulding, and through the Ar gas-protecting sintering, wherein the skimming temp section is 300～550 ℃, and degreasing time is about 42h, and final sintering temperature is 1650 ℃.The density of sample is 2.77g/cm behind the sintering
3, percentage of open area is 28%, Vickers' hardness: HV=417 kgf/mm
2
Claims (10)
1. used for aluminium electrolysis TiB
2Composite cathode material and technology of preparing thereof is characterized in that described TiB
2The composite cathode material raw material comprises TiB
2, MOX X, sticker Y and dispersion agent Z.
2. according to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB described in the claim 1
2Composite cathode material is characterized in that said TiB
2Granularity is 3-8 μ m; MOX X is at least a in Ti, Zr and the Mg type oxide or their combination, and grain graininess is 1 μ m-30 μ m; Sticker Y is at least a in PVAC polyvinylalcohol, paraffin and the Triple Pressed Stearic Acid; Dispersion agent is at least a in ethanol, acetone and the Virahol.
3. according to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB described in the claim 1
2Composite cathode material is characterized in that TiB
2The quality percentage composition is 70%-90%; MOX X solid masses per-cent 10%-30%; Sticker Y addition is TiB
21%-3% with MOX X total solids level; Dispersion agent Z addition is TiB
210%-30% with MOX X total solids level.
4. according to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB described in the claim 2
2Composite cathode material is characterized in that the titanium type oxide comprises TiO in the said MOX
2, titanium colloidal sol and TiBO
3The zirconium type oxide comprises ZrO
2With zirconium colloidal sol; The magnesium type oxide comprises MgO and Mg (OH)
2
5. according to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB described in the claim 4
2Composite cathode material; It is characterized in that the titanium sol precursor is a tetrabutyl titanate; Hydrolysis inhibitor is at least a or its combination in methyl ethyl diketone, ethanol, nitric acid, glacial acetic acid and the hydrochloric acid, and reagent is a water, said titanium precursor sol body burden 15%-50%; Hydrolysis inhibitor content 45%-80%, reagent content 2%-5%; Titanium colloidal sol prepares process to carry out under the room temperature violent stirring, adds tetrabutyl titanate, hydrolysis inhibitor and reagent successively, continues churning time 3-5 hour, and made titanium colloidal sol solid content is 4.5%-12%.
6. according to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB described in the claim 4
2Composite cathode material is characterized in that said zirconium sol precursor is a basic zirconium chloride, and promotor is ydrogen peroxide 50, and tensio-active agent is a kind of or its combination in Hydrocerol A, propyl carbinol and the SEPIGEL 305, and the appropriate amount mol ratio is in the said zirconium colloidal sol: Zr
4+: promotor=1:2 ~ 1:9, Zr
4+: tensio-active agent=1:4 ~ 1:10; Said zirconium colloidal sol prepares process to carry out under water bath with thermostatic control, and temperature is 20 ~ 30 ℃, and it is 0.1 ~ 10ml/min that promotor adds speed; Dropwise and keep continuous stirring 3-5 hour; The sealing ageing, made zirconium sol solution concentration is 0.1 ~ 1.5mol/L, solid content is 1.5%-18 %.
7. according to a kind of used for aluminium electrolysis TiB described in the claim 1
2Composite cathode material is characterized in that its preparation process may further comprise the steps:
1) batch mixing:
According to the requirement of technical recipe, accurately take by weighing each material in proportion, with TiB
2Powder and MOX X mixing 5-15min, adding sticker Y mixes stirring 30-60min with dispersion agent Z continued after, oven dry, the equipment of refunding sieves after the break process again;
2) moulding:
To the moulding of raw material normal pressure: at ambient temperature, pressed powder is slowly joined mould inner pressure process type and make TiB
2The composite cathode material green compact;
3) degreasing and sintering:
With TiB
2The composite cathode material green compact place and carry out degreasing and sintering under the protectiveness inert atmosphere, and whole process all adopts the carbon dust landfill to carry out.
8. according to TiB described in the claim 7
2The preparation method of composite cathode material is characterized in that the oven dry processing of batch mixing process is carried out under 80-100 ℃; TiB
2The moulding process of composite cathode material green compact adopts mold pressing or cast-isostatic cool pressing method or vibratory compaction, and pressure is 150 MPa-200 MPa.
9. according to TiB described in the claim 7
2The preparation method of composite cathode material is characterized in that its skimming treatment temperature is 300 ℃-600 ℃; The inert atmosphere that adopts in the skimming treatment process is at least a from vacuum, Ar or H
2, degreasing time is 6h～48h, the atmosphere Control for Oxygen Content is below 100ppm.
10. according to TiB described in the claim 7
2The preparation method of composite cathode material, the atmosphere that it is characterized in that sintering process are at least a from vacuum, Ar or H
2Adopt different temperature rise rates to be heated to target temperature respectively, sintering time is 24h-72h; O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is controlled to be below the 100ppm, and sintering temperature is 1500 ℃-1800 ℃, and wherein preferred temperature is 1650 ℃-1750 ℃.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011103722218A CN102491753A (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | TiB2 composite cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2011103722218A CN102491753A (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2011-11-22 | TiB2 composite cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103194101A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-07-10 | 江苏联合金陶特种材料科技有限公司 | Titanium boride-based coating composite material for aluminum electrolysis, preparation method and coating method thereof |
| CN103951435A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-30 | 中南大学 | TiB2-based composite cathode material used for aluminium electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN104944959A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-30 | 中南大学 | TiB2/TiB composite ceramic cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and method for preparing the same |
| CN112863882A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-28 | 佛山科学技术学院 | High-specific-volume anode foil and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103194101A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-07-10 | 江苏联合金陶特种材料科技有限公司 | Titanium boride-based coating composite material for aluminum electrolysis, preparation method and coating method thereof |
| CN103194101B (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2016-03-09 | 江苏联合金陶特种材料科技有限公司 | A kind of titanium boride base coating composite material used for aluminium electrolysis and preparation method thereof, coating method |
| CN103951435A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-07-30 | 中南大学 | TiB2-based composite cathode material used for aluminium electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN103951435B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-07-01 | 中南大学 | TiB2-based composite cathode material used for aluminium electrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN104944959A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-30 | 中南大学 | TiB2/TiB composite ceramic cathode material for aluminum electrolysis and method for preparing the same |
| CN112863882A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-28 | 佛山科学技术学院 | High-specific-volume anode foil and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112863882B (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2022-05-17 | 佛山科学技术学院 | High-specific-volume anode foil and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120613 |