CN102487255B - 太阳能综合利用装置 - Google Patents
太阳能综合利用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102487255B CN102487255B CN201010582721.XA CN201010582721A CN102487255B CN 102487255 B CN102487255 B CN 102487255B CN 201010582721 A CN201010582721 A CN 201010582721A CN 102487255 B CN102487255 B CN 102487255B
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- thermo
- electric
- electrification component
- generation assembly
- electric generation
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- 239000002131 composite materials Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon Chemical compound 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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste materials Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能综合利用装置，包括：光伏发电组件，所述光伏发电组件接收太阳辐射，并将太阳能转变为电能；温差发电组件，所述温差发电组件设置于所述光伏发电组件的背光侧，用于将来自光伏发电组件的热能转变为电能，所述温差发电组件包括热端和位于热端相反侧的冷端，所述热端与所述光伏发电组件的所述背光侧接触；冷却装置设置于所述温差发电组件的一侧，与所述温差发电组件的冷端接触，所述冷却装置包含流体介质，并且，所述冷却装置通过循环所述流体介质来冷却所述温差发电组件的冷端，同时产生热流体介质以供利用。本发明通过建立模块化的太阳能发电和热回收利用装置，实现了高效的太阳能发电效率和电热综合利用效率。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及太阳能利用领域，尤其涉及一种太阳能综合利用装置。
背景技术
[0002] 近年来，光伏建筑一体化问题日益成为实现建筑节能、复合能源开发的重要手段。然而在光伏电池应用过程中，普遍存在光伏发电过程中太阳能利用效率低，有近80%的太阳辐射能以热量的形式损失掉而得不到有效利用；并且在光伏发电过程中，由于电池板温度的升高，也造成了光伏发电效率的降低和光伏电池寿命的缩短。因此，在光伏发电过程中，如何实现太阳能综合利用水平的提高，一直是需要解决的实际问题。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明提出一种太阳能综合利用装置，其充分考虑了对光伏发电余热的利用，能够实现太阳能综合利用水平的提高。
[0004] 根据本发明的太阳能综合利用装置，包括:光伏发电组件，所述光伏发电组件接收太阳辐射，并将太阳能转变为电能；温差发电组件，所述温差发电组件设置于所述光伏发电组件的背光侧，用于将来自光伏发电组件的热能转变为电能，其中，所述温差发电组件包括热端和位于热端相反侧的冷端，所述热端与所述光伏发电组件的所述背光侧接触；冷却装置，所述冷却装置设置于所述温差发电组件的一侧，与所述温差发电组件的冷端接触，其中，所述冷却装置包含流体介质，并且，所述冷却装置通过循环所述流体介质来冷却所述温差发电组件的冷端，同时产生热流体介质以供利用。
[0005] 根据本发明的一个实施例，所述冷却装置包括第一集管、第二集管和位于第一集管和第二集管之间并且与第一集管和第二集管连通的多个支管，流体介质从第一集管的流体介质入口流入，分别流经多个支管后从第二集管的流体介质出口流出。
[0006] 根据本发明的一个实施例，所述流体介质为水。
[0007] 根据本发明的一个实施例，所述光伏发电组件和所述温差发电组件具有扁平板形状。
[0008] 根据本发明的一个实施例，在所述光伏发电组件和所述温差发电组件的热端之间设有导热硅胶层。
[0009] 根据本发明的一个实施例，在所述温差发电组件的冷端与所述冷却装置之间设有第一电绝缘导热层。
[0010] 根据本发明的一个实施例，所述光伏发电组件由双层玻璃和位于所述双层玻璃之间的光伏发电元件构成。
[0011] 根据本发明的一个实施例，所述光伏发电组件由单层玻璃、第二电绝缘导热层和位于所述单层玻璃和第二电绝缘导热层之间的光伏发电元件构成，其中，所述第二电绝缘导热层与所述导热硅胶层接触。
[0012] 根据本发明的太阳能综合利用装置，由于将温差发电组件结合于光伏发电组件的背光侧，一方面利用光伏发电组件的背光侧升温来提供热源以进行温差发电，从而提供更多的电能；另一方面解决了光伏发电组件的散热问题，避免由于光伏发电组件的电池板温度升高造成光伏发电效率的降低和光伏电池寿命的缩短。
[0013] 另一方面，通过将包含流体介质的冷却装置设置于温差发电组件的一侧，一方面有效降低了温差发电组件冷端的温度，提高了温差发电的效率；同时进一步利用了温差发电后的余热来提供热流体介质，避免了温差发电后产生的大量余热被损失掉，进一步提高了太阳能利用效率。
附图说明
[0014] 图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的太阳能综合利用装置的示意截面图；
[0015] 图2是图1的太阳能综合利用装置的俯视图；
[0016] 图3是根据本发明的另一个实施例的太阳能综合利用装置的示意截面图；
[0017] 图4是根据本发明的太阳能综合利用装置的应用示例的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0018] 以下结合附图说明本发明的具体实施例。在附图中，相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。应当注意，附图和实施例仅用于通过例子来说明本发明的原理，而非用于限制本发明。
[0019] 图1是根据本发明的一个实施例的太阳能综合利用装置的示意截面图。如图1所示，太阳能综合利用装置10包括光伏发电组件1、温差发电组件2、以及冷却装置3。
[0020] 光伏发电组件I接收太阳辐射，并将太阳能转变为电能。根据该实施例的光伏发电组件I是由双层玻璃板11和位于所述双层玻璃板11之间的光伏发电元件12构成的扁平板形状的部件。双层玻璃板中的外层玻璃板经过钢化处理。光伏发电元件12的材料可以是单晶硅、多晶硅或非晶硅(如硅基薄膜)等本领域常用的材料。光伏发电组件I将一部分太阳能转变为电能，而太阳能的另一部分则转变成热能存储在光伏发电组件中，并使光伏发电组件的温度升高。随着光伏发电组件的温度升高，光伏发电的效率会降低，因此，必须设置有冷却装置及时带走热量。
[0021] 温差发电组件2设置于光伏发电组件I的背光侧，用于将储存在光伏发电组件I中的热能转变为电能。温差发电组件2包括热端21、冷端22和位于热端21和冷端22之间的温差发电材料23，所述温差发电材料组成P-N结，其原理是通过冷热端的温差产生赛贝克效应进行直流发电。热端21和冷端22可采用氧化铝绝缘陶瓷材料制成。热端21与光伏发电组件I的背光侧接触，冷端22与冷却装置3接触。
[0022] 冷却装置3设置于温差发电组件2的一侧，与温差发电组件2的冷端22接触。冷却装置3包含流体介质，通过循环所述流体介质来冷却温差发电组件2的冷端，同时产生热流体介质以供利用。通常，流体介质可以选择为水。图2示出了管式冷却装置的结构的例子。如图2所示，冷却装置3包括第一集管31、第二集管32和位于第一集管31和第二集管32之间并且与第一集管31和第二集管32连通的多个支管33。流体介质例如水从第一集管31的流体介质入口 34流入第一集管31，然后分别流经多个支管33，最后从第二集管32的流体介质出口 35流出。流体介质入口 34位于如图2所示的温差发电组件2的左上侧，流体介质出口 35位于如图2所示的温差发电组件的右下侧，具体的流动方向可根据实际条件而定。图2示出了多个支管33为直管，并均匀分布在温差发电组件2的表面上。但是，支管33也可以为波纹管、蛇形盘管等形状。冷却管路的材料可以是铜、铝等金属材料或有机材料。
[0023] 通过上述冷却管路的布置，流体介质可以流经温差发电组件2的整个表面，带走温差发电组件2冷端22的热量，降低冷端22的温度，从而在温差发电组件2的冷端22和热端21之间形成较大温差，有利于提高温差发电的效率；同时，能够降低整个太阳能综合利用装置的温度并产生热流体介质，例如热水，达到了余热利用的效果。
[0024] 另外，如图1所示，在光伏发电组件I和温差发电组件2的热端21之间可以设有导热硅胶层4，以有利于将热量从光伏发电组件I传导到温差发电组件2的热端21。导热硅胶层4除了起到导热的作用外，还起到粘结光伏发电组件I和温差发电组件2的作用。此外，如图1所示，在温差发电组件I的冷端22与冷却装置3之间可以设有绝缘导热层5。绝缘导热层5防止温差发电组件2与冷却管路3之间漏电，造成危险；并且，还起到在温差发电组件2与冷却管路3之间导热的作用。
[0025] 当太阳光照射到上述结构的太阳能综合利用装置10上时，光伏发电组件I吸收太阳光线，将光能转换成电能，并产生大量的热量，积累在光伏发电组件I的背板上。而光伏发电组件I的背板与温差发电件2的热端21通过导热硅胶层4相连，热量通过导热硅胶层4传递给温差发电组件2，这样就可将光伏发电产生的热量作为温差发电的热源。温差发电组件2的冷端22与冷却装置3相接触，热量被冷却管路内的流体介质吸收，与热端在P-N结两侧形成温差以进行发电。同时，从冷却管路流出的热流体介质例如热水可以用于采暖或其它用途，达到了余热利用的效果。
[0026] 图3示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的太阳能综合利用装置20的示意截面图，第二实施例与图1所示的实施例的主要区别在于，光伏发电组件I是由前端钢化单层玻璃板11、光伏发电元件12、绝缘导热层6组成。即用绝缘导热层6替代实施例1的光伏发电组件I背光侧的玻璃板。这样可以在温差发电组件2和光伏发电组件I之间更有效地传热；同时，绝缘导热层6可以起到在光伏发电组件I和温差发电组件2之间电绝缘的作用。第二实施例的其他部分结构及功能与图1所示的实施例相同。
[0027] 图4是根据本发明的太阳能综合利用装置的应用示例的示意图。如图所示，太阳能综合利用主要包括光伏发电、温差发电、水冷热回收三部分。当太阳光照射到光伏板表面时被光伏板吸收用于发电，所发的电通过逆变器的作用直接输送给用户用于照明及设备用电或输送给电网，其余的太阳辐射能则在光伏板背板附近以热量的形式存在(少部分通过前面板辐射到环境中去)。而温差发电冷端与冷却水管路相接触，可将其热量及时带走，在温差发电P-N结两侧形成温差，进行发电，所生成的电能通过DC/DC转换装置后储存在蓄电池中。蓄电池的材料可以是铅蓄电池、锂电池等。而未被温差发电所利用的热量则通过导热硅胶、温差发电组件传递到冷却水管，用于对管内的水的加热。所加热的水可以直接用做生活热水或冬季地板采暖，也可作为热栗系统的水源，经热栗提升后用于夏季吸收/吸附式制冷等。因此，本发明建立了一套完善的太阳辐射能综合利用的解决方案，实现对建筑及设备的供电、热水的供应、冬季的供暖等的多重作用，从利用途径上使得太阳辐射能的应用达到最大化。
[0028] 以上描述仅示例性地说明了本发明的实施例，而非用于限制本发明，熟知本领域的技术人员应明白，在不偏离本发明的实质的情况下，对本发明所作的任何变形都在本发明的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种太阳能综合利用装置，包括: 光伏发电组件，所述光伏发电组件接收太阳辐射，并将太阳能转变为电能； 温差发电组件，所述温差发电组件设置于所述光伏发电组件的背光侧，用于将来自光伏发电组件的热能转变为电能，其中，所述温差发电组件包括热端和位于热端相反侧的冷端，所述热端与所述光伏发电组件的所述背光侧接触； 冷却装置，所述冷却装置设置于所述温差发电组件的一侧，与所述温差发电组件的冷端接触，其中，所述冷却装置包含流体介质，并且，所述冷却装置通过循环所述流体介质来冷却所述温差发电组件的冷端，同时产生热流体介质以供利用； 其中，所述冷却装置包括第一集管、第二集管和位于第一集管和第二集管之间并且与第一集管和第二集管连通的多个支管，流体介质从第一集管的流体介质入口流入，分别流经多个支管后从第二集管的流体介质出口流出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能综合利用装置，其中，所述流体介质为水。
3.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能综合利用装置，其中，所述光伏发电组件和所述温差发电组件具有扁平板形状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能综合利用装置，其中，在所述光伏发电组件和所述温差发电组件的热端之间设有导热硅胶层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的太阳能综合利用装置，其中，在所述温差发电组件的冷端与所述冷却装置之间设有第一电绝缘导热层。
6.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能综合利用装置，其中，所述光伏发电组件由双层玻璃和位于所述双层玻璃之间的光伏发电元件构成。
7.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能综合利用装置，其中，所述光伏发电组件由单层玻璃、第二电绝缘导热层和位于所述单层玻璃和第二电绝缘导热层之间的光伏发电元件构成，其中，所述第二电绝缘导热层与所述导热硅胶层接触。
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| CN105375823B (zh) * | 2015-12-07 | 2018-05-11 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 发电装置、太阳能热水发电设备及发电站 |
| CN105897122A (zh) * | 2016-01-02 | 2016-08-24 | 俞亮芽 | 一种太阳能发电装置的制造方法 |
| CN105763140A (zh) * | 2016-01-02 | 2016-07-13 | 俞亮芽 | 太阳能发电系统 |
| CN105958899A (zh) * | 2016-01-02 | 2016-09-21 | 俞亮芽 | 太阳能发电装置 |
| CN105515501A (zh) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-20 | 俞亮芽 | 太阳能发电装置 |
| CN105515500A (zh) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-20 | 俞亮芽 | 太阳能发电装置 |
| CN105553388A (zh) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-04 | 孙啸 | 太阳能发电装置 |
| CN105932931A (zh) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-09-07 | 孙啸 | 太阳能发电装置 |
| CN105529984A (zh) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-04-27 | 孙啸 | 太阳能发电装置 |
| CN105915159A (zh) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-08-31 | 孙啸 | 一种太阳能发电装置的制造方法 |
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| CN106026860A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州思博露光伏能源科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能光热双发电电池组件 |
| CN108494315A (zh) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-04 | 铜仁学院 | 一种综合利用太阳能方法 |
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