CN102208475B - 太阳能光伏热电制热模块及光伏热电热水系统 - Google Patents
太阳能光伏热电制热模块及光伏热电热水系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102208475B CN102208475B CN2011101038479A CN201110103847A CN102208475B CN 102208475 B CN102208475 B CN 102208475B CN 2011101038479 A CN2011101038479 A CN 2011101038479A CN 201110103847 A CN201110103847 A CN 201110103847A CN 102208475 B CN102208475 B CN 102208475B
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- photovoltaic
- water tank
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- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004065 semiconductors Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011521 glasses Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate)s Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- VOLSCWDWGMWXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclobuten-1-yl acetate Chemical compound 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- 229910045601 alloys Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
本发明公开了一种太阳能光伏热电制热模块，其由外到内依次包括玻璃盖板、封装光伏电池片、冷端散热器、半导体热电芯片组和热端平板热管散热器，热端平板热管散热器的冷凝端贴合有管式散热器，两散热器之间的空隙及热端平板热管散热器底侧设有隔热材料。本发明的光伏热电热水系统包括光伏热电制热模块组、热电空气源制热模块组、储热水箱和光伏供电组件，两模块组均与储热水箱连接；各模块组包括有串/并联的多个与储热水箱连通的模块，光伏供电组件中的光电控制器连接到封装光伏电池片上，其中的蓄电装置连接到各模块组的半导体热电芯片组上。本发明的系统在降低芯片温度提高发电效率的同时，能低成本、高效率地实现太阳能光电光热的综合利用。
Description
太阳能光伏热电制热模块及光伏热电热水系统
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于太阳能利用领域，涉及一种太阳能光电光热综合利用技术，具体涉及一种太阳能光伏热电制热模块及光伏热电热水系统。
背景技术
[0002] 随着常规能源的日益缺短和环境污染的日益严重，太阳能作为一种清洁的可再生能源，日益受到人们的重视。一般商用太阳能电池的光电转换效率仅为6%〜15%，提高系统效率及降低综合成本成为太阳能光伏建筑一体化应用的关键。传统认识上，提高太阳能光伏发电效率往往只关注在硅晶或非晶材料的改进上。实际上硅晶电池的发电效率严重依赖其温度条件。据统计，电池组件温度每降低IK输出电量增加O. 2%〜O. 5%，未被利用的太 阳辐射能除了一部分被反射外其余大部分被电池吸收并转化为热能，如果这些热量能及时排除并有效利用，将有明显的节能效果。针对这一思路CNlO 1740650A号中国专利文献公开了一种整板型管板式光伏热水模块，该模块包括封装光伏电池片、吸热板及铜肋管等，该技术方案具有同时产生电力和热水的功能，提高了太阳能的综合利用效率，但是该技术属于被动利用方式，在太阳辐射较弱或者热水需求量较大时，该光伏热水模块很难满足用户的需求。CN101764167A号中国专利文献还公开了一种太阳能光伏电池高效散热装置及热电联系统，其包括平板热管，该平板热管前、后板面的前板面与电池板背板直接或间接紧贴，平板热管后板面的一散热段贴合有一板管式换热器，通过管路与外部的储水箱形成循环回路。该热电联系统虽然采用热管传热，在一定程度上提高了光伏基板的散热能力，但同样属于被动式冷却技术，其热水供给能力同样相对不足。CN101806514A号中国专利文献还公开了一种建筑复合太阳能光伏热水供冷和采暖系统，该系统利用太阳能发电在夏季和冬季分别实现对室内的制冷和供热，其分离式热管、整体式重力热管、换热联箱和盘管、水箱等组成的热水系统复杂，且该系统同样未能解决在太阳辐射较弱和阴雨天时系统不能有效制热的问题。可以看出，包括上述专利文献在内，目前大多数太阳能热水器在太阳辐射较弱和阴雨天时难以解决供热问题，使得用户只能采用电加热的不节能方式制取热水，而且大多系统存在结构复杂、制备成本较高、光电光热系统各自独立、不能实现光、热、电三种能量的有效转化及统一。
发明内容
[0003] 本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有太阳能热水器及太阳能光伏光电光热综合利用系统在太阳辐射较弱，提供一种能主动实现太阳能光电光热综合利用的太阳能光伏热电制热模块，构造一种结构简单、制备成本低、能高效实现太阳能光电光热综合利用且能大量稳定供应热水的光伏热电热水系统。
[0004] 为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出的技术方案为一种太阳能光伏热电制热模块，所述太阳能光伏热电制热模块由外到内依次包括玻璃盖板、封装光伏电池片、冷端散热器、半导体热电芯片组和热端平板热管散热器，所述热端平板热管散热器的冷凝端贴合有管式散热器，所述冷端散热器和热端平板热管散热器间除与半导体热电芯片组连接部分外的空隙填充有隔热材料，所述热端平板热管散热器底侧覆有隔热材料。
[0005] 上述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块中，优选的，所述冷端散热器是由两块带翅片的铝制散热板相互嵌套焊接而成，相互嵌套的两散热板之间留有过水循环通道，所述过水循环通道的两端分别设置进水口和出水口。
[0006] 上述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块中，优选的，所述热端平板热管散热器包括有平板热管，平板热管为金属或合金挤压成型构成的平板式微热管阵列，所述平板热管的上表面为凸凹表面，其下表面为平整表面。
[0007] 上述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块中，所述封装光伏电池片包括位于中间夹芯层的光伏电池，所述光伏电池的外侧覆有外层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA)，所述外层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯的上层为透明复合氟塑料膜（TPT);所述光伏电池的内侧覆有内层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯，所述内层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯的下层为黑色复合氟塑料膜（TPT)。
[0008] 作为一个总的技术构思，本发明还提供一种能够应用上述太阳能光伏热电制热模块的光伏热电热水系统，所述光伏热电热水系统包括光伏热电制热模块组、热电空气源制热模块组、储热水箱和光伏供电组件，所述光伏热电制热模块组和热电空气源制热模块组均通过输水管道串并混联到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上；所述输水管道上设有循环泵；
[0009] 所述光伏热电制热模块组包括一个以上所述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的冷端散热器通过输水管道并联到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的热端平板热管散热器通过输水管道串联、并联或串并混联(对于规模较小的光伏热电热水系统可以米用串联方式，对于较大规模的光伏热电热水系统可以采用并联或串并混联方式）到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上；
[0010] 所述热电空气源制热模块组包括一个以上的热电空气源制热模块，所述热电空气源制热模块由外到内主要包括翅片式散热器、半导体热电芯片组和热端平板热管散热器，各热电空气源制热模块的热端平板热管散热器通过输水管道串联、并联或串并混联(对于规模较小的光伏热电热水系统可以米用串联方式，对于较大规模的光伏热电热水系统可以采用并联或串并混联方式）到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上；
[0011 ] 所述光伏供电组件包括光电控制器，所述各太阳能光伏热电制热模块中的封装光伏电池片通过光伏发电线路连接到所述光电控制器上，所述光电控制器上连接蓄电装置，所述蓄电装置通过输电线路连接到各太阳能光伏热电制热模块和各热电空气源制热模块的半导体热电芯片组上。
[0012] 上述的光伏热电热水系统中，所述输水管道优选包括第一进水管道、第二进水管道、第三进水管道、第一出水管道、第二出水管道和第三出水管道；
[0013] 所述各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的各冷端散热器并联成第一散热组件，该第一散热组件分别通过第一进水管道、第一出水管道连通至所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口，构成第一制热循环通道；
[0014] 所述各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的热端平板热管散热器之间串联成第二散热组件，该第二散热组件分别通过第二进水管道、第二出水管道连通至所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口，构成第二制热循环通道；
[0015] 所述各热电空气源制热模块的热端平板热管散热器之间串联成第三散热组件，该第三散热组件分别通过第三进水管道、第三出水管道连通至所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口，构成第三制热循环通道；
[0016] 上述优选包括的各条输水管道上分别设有阀门。
[0017] 上述优选包括的各条输水管道可以根据需要在适当位置合并使用一条共用管道，以减小管路铺设成本及简化管路结构。所述控制阀门也可以通过使用类似于换向阀的多功能阀进行等同替换。
[0018] 上述的光伏供电组件中，所述光电控制器上还可以根据需要连接直流负载或交流负载，以充分利用蓄电装置中储存的电能。
[0019] 与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
[0020] 首先，本发明克服现有太阳能热水器及太阳能光伏光电光热综合利用技术在太阳辐射较弱时制热能力不足和温度不高的问题，利用光伏电池发电驱动半导体芯片对光伏电池余热回收并经热泵作用后为室内提供热水，解决了在太阳辐射较弱时热水器制热能力不足问题，同时降低了光伏电池基板温度，提高了太阳能光伏电池的发电效率；
[0021 ] 其次，本发明克服了现有太阳能热水器及太阳能光伏光电光热综合利用系统在没太阳时不能有效制热的问题，利用光伏电池在有太阳辐射时储存在光伏电池中的电能驱动半导体芯片从环境中吸收热能制取热水，保证室内热水的稳定供给；
[0022] 再次，本发明在太阳辐射较强时，利用水直接带走光伏电池的热能，提高光伏电池的发电效率，同时利用光伏电池发的电储存在蓄电池中，而在太阳辐射较弱时或没有太阳辐射时释放出来驱动半导体芯片工作，有效的解决了太阳能光电、光热的供给和室内需求的矛盾。
[0023]总之，本发明的结构简单、制备成本低，其降低了太阳能光伏产业推广利用的实际成本；光伏热电制热模块制作时可根据需要组合不同功率大小的热水系统，满足不同场合的应用需求，具有重要的推广利用价值。
附图说明
[0024] 图I为本发明实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块的结构示意图（组成太阳能光伏热电制热模块的各层构件均为平板式结构)。
[0025]图2为本发明实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块的冷端散热器的结构示意图，其所示为图I中A-A处的剖面图。
[0026]图3为本发明实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块的热端平板热管散热器与管式散热器贴合后的结构示意图。
[0027] 图4为本发明实施例中光伏热电热水系统的结构示意图。
[0028] 图5为本发明实施例中光伏热电热水系统中热电空气源制热模块的结构示意图。
[0029] 图例说明
[0030] I、封装光伏电池片；
[0031] 11、光伏电池；
[0032] 12、内层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯；[0033] 13、外层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯；
[0034] 14、黑色复合氟塑料膜；
[0035] 15、透明复合氟塑料膜；
[0036] 2、冷端散热器；
[0037] 21、散热板；
[0038] 22、过水循环通道；
[0039] 23、进水口 ；
[0040] 24、出水口 ； [0041] 3、半导体热电芯片组；
[0042] 4、热端平板热管散热器；
[0043] 41、平板热管；
[0044] 42、管式散热器；
[0045] 43、管式散热器水出口；
[0046] 5、隔热材料；
[0047] 51、隔热材料层；
[0048] 6、光伏供电组件；
[0049] 61、光电控制器；
[0050] 62、光伏发电线路；
[0051] 63、蓄电装置；
[0052] 64、直流负载；
[0053] 65、输电线路；
[0054] 66、交流负载；
[0055] 67、逆变器；
[0056] 7、光伏热电制热模块组；
[0057] 71、太阳能光伏热电制热模块；
[0058] 72、储热水箱；
[0059] 721、水箱出水口 ；
[0060] 722、水箱进水口 ；
[0061] 723、供水管路；
[0062] 724、用水管路；
[0063] 73、循环泵；
[0064] 74、第一进水管道；
[0065] 75、第一出水管道；
[0066] 76、第二进水管道；
[0067] 77、第二出水管道；
[0068] 78、泄水管；
[0069] 79、控制阀门；
[0070] 791、第一阀门；
[0071] 792、第二阀门；[0072] 793、第三阀门；
[0073] 794、第四阀门；
[0074] 8、热电空气源制热模块组；
[0075] 81、热电空气源制热模块；
[0076] 82、翅片式散热器；
[0077] 83、第三进水管道；
[0078] 84、第三出水管道；
[0079] 85、第五阀门；
[0080] 86、第六阀门；
[0081] 9、玻璃盖板。
具体实施方式
[0082] 以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
[0083] 实施例：
[0084] 图I为本发明实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块的结构示意图。如图I所示的本发明的太阳能光伏热电制热模块71由外到内（外侧是指接受太阳光照射一侧）依次包括玻璃盖板9、封装光伏电池片I、冷端散热器2、半导体热电芯片组3和热端平板热管散热器4，热端平板热管散热器4的冷凝端贴合有管式散热器42。冷端散热器2的上端面紧贴封装光伏电池片I的底侧，半导体热电芯片组3安装在热端平板热管散热器4的凸起处，半导体热电芯片组3的另一端面与冷端散热器2的下端面紧密贴合，冷端散热器2和热端平板热管散热器4之间除与半导体热电芯片组3连接部分外的空隙处填充隔热材料5，热端平板热管散热器4底侧覆有隔热材料层51。
[0085] 本实施例的太阳能光伏热电制热模块可根据需要加工成不同面积和大小的模块，并可根据需要串联或并联组合成不同的系统。
[0086] 如图I所示，本实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的封装光伏电池片I包括位于中间夹芯层的光伏电池11，光伏电池11的内侧和外侧分别覆有内层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯12 (EVA)和外层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯13，内层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯12的下层（即内侧）和外层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯13的上层（即外侧)分别覆有黑色复合氟塑料膜14 (TPT)和透明复合氟塑料膜15 (TPT)0
[0087] 如图2所示，本实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的冷端散热器2是由两块带翅片的散热板21相互嵌套拼装焊接而成，本实施例的散热板21为铝板散热器，相互嵌套的两散热板21经焊接后拼装成密闭的散热装置，相互嵌套的两散热板21之间留有过水循环通道22，过水循环通道22的两端分别设置进水口 23和出水口 24。
[0088] 如图3所示，本实施例中太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的热端平板热管散热器4包括有平板热管41，平板热管41为合金挤压成型构成的平板式微热管阵列，平板热管41上表面为凸凹表面，其凸出处便于安装半导体热电芯片组3，增大半导体热电芯片组3与冷、热端散热器距离，降低半导体芯片组3冷热端面散热器之间的串热，其下表面为平整表面。热端平板热管散热器4的冷凝端贴合有管式散热器42，管式散热器42上设有管式散热器水出Π 43。[0089] 一种如图4所示的能够应用上述太阳能光伏热电制热模块的光伏热电热水系统，该光伏热电热水系统包括光伏热电制热模块组7、热电空气源制热模块组8、储热水箱72和光伏供电组件6 ;光伏热电制热模块组7和热电空气源制热模块组8均通过输水管道并联到储热水箱72的水箱出水口 721和水箱进水口 722上；输水管道上设有循环泵73和控制阀门79。光伏热电制热模块组7包括两个本实施例的太阳能光伏热电制热模块71，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的冷端散热器2通过输水管道并联到储热水箱72的水箱出水口 721和水箱进水口 722上，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的热端平板热管散热器4通过输水管道串联到储热水箱72的水箱出水口 721和水箱进水口 722上。热电空气源制热模块组8包括两个如图5所示的热电空气源制热模块81 (根据需要可串联多个)，各热电空气源制热模块81由外到内主要包括翅片式散热器82、半导体热电芯片组3和热端平板热管散热器4(其与太阳能光伏热电制热模块71中的热端平板热管散热器4结构相同)，该热端平板热管散热器4的冷凝端也贴合有管式散热器42，管式散热器42上设有管式散热器水出口 43 ;翅片式散热器82和热端平板热管散热器4之间除半导体热电芯片组3外的空隙部分填充隔热材料5，其热端平板热管散热器4内侧覆有隔热材料层51。各热电空气源制热模块81的热端平板热管散热器4通过输水管道串联到储热水箱72的水箱出水口 721和水箱进水口 722上。光伏供电组件6包括光电控制器61，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块71中的封装光伏电池片I通过光伏发电线路62串联到光电控制器61上，光电控制器61上连接蓄电装置63(本实施例选用一蓄电池)、直流负载64和交流负载66，蓄电装置63通过输电线路65连接到各太阳能光伏热电制热模块71和各热电空气源制热模块81的半导体热电芯片组3上。在连接至交流负载66上时应通过一逆变器67将直流电先转化为交流电。
[0090] 本实施例的光伏热电热水系统中，上述的输水管道包括第一进水管道74、第一出水管道75、第二进水管道76、第二出水管道77、第三进水管道83和第三出水管道84，各输水管道上分别设有第一阀门791、第二阀门792、第三阀门793、第四阀门794、第五阀门85、第六阀门86。具体的，循环泵73驱动冷水通过水箱出水口 721和第一进水管道74，从进水口 23分别流入各太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的冷端散热器2中，然后分别从冷端散热器2的出水口 24汇集到第一出水管道75，并从水箱进水口 722回流至储热水箱72，上述循环为第一制热循环通道。
[0091] 循环泵73还可驱动冷水通过水箱出水口 721和第二进水管道76，进入一太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的管式散热器42中，然后从管式散热器水出口 43流出并流入下一个串联的太阳能光伏热电制热模块71的管式散热器42中，从管式散热器水出口 43流出后到第一出水管道75，然后从水箱进水口 722回流至储热水箱72，上述循环为第二制热循环通道。
[0092] 循环泵73还可驱动冷水通过水箱出水口 721和第三进水管道83，然后流入热电空气源制热模块81的管式散热器42，从管式散热器水出口 43流出后进入下一个串联的热电空气源制热模块81的管式散热器42中，并从管式散热器水出口 43流出后到第三出水管道84，然后从水箱进水口 722回至储热水箱72，上述循环为第三制热循环通道。
[0093] 储热水箱72上均设有泄水管78以用于必要情况下及时排水，储热水箱72上还连接有供水管路723和用水管路724，供水管路723连接自来水水源用于补给，用水管路724连接至热水用水设施(例如洗浴用水、洗涤用水等等)。[0094] 上述太阳能光伏发电与热水供应一体化系统的工作原理为：
[0095] 当太阳辐射强时，同时开启第一进水管道74上的第一阀门791和第一出水管道75上的第二阀门792以及控制阀门79，并关闭其余的四道阀门（第三阀门793、第四阀门794、第五阀门85和第六阀门86)，对应上述第一制热循环通道，即利用循环泵73驱动储热水箱72中的冷水由水箱出水口 721流入到第一进水管道74中，再由进水口 23进入到光伏热电制热模块组7的各冷端散热器2中；当冷水流经各冷端散热器2后带走光伏电池11基板的热量，并由出水口 24流出，吸热后的热水通过第一出水管道75并由水箱进水口 722储存到储热水箱72中；这种工况下，不仅有效降低了光伏电池11基板的温度，提高了光伏电池11的发电效率，同时还获得了热水供用户使用，另外光伏电池11发的直流电也储存到了光伏供电组件6的蓄电装置63中，以备用户使用；
[0096] 当太阳辐射较弱时，同时开启第二进水管道76上的第三阀门793和第二出水管道77上的第四阀门794以及控制阀门79，并关闭其余的四道阀门（第一阀门791、第二阀门792、第五阀门85和第六阀门86)，利用循环泵73驱动储热水箱72中的冷水由水箱出水口721流入到第二进水管道76中，再由进水口 23依次进入到光伏热电制热模块组7中串联的 各热端平板热管散热器4中；此时，光伏电池11发电驱动半导体热电芯片组3制热，半导体热电芯片组3对光伏基板的余热进行提升后通过热端平板热管散热器4的蒸发段传递到与热端平板热管散热器4的冷凝端贴合的管式散热器42中，通过管式散热器42的水带走热量并储存在储热水箱72中，供室内使用；同时光伏电池11发的直流电（多余部分）则储存到光伏供电组件6的蓄电装置63中，以备用户使用；
[0097] 在没有太阳辐射时，同时开启第三进水管道83上的第五阀门85和第三出水管道84上的第六阀门86以及控制阀门79，并关闭其余的四道阀门（第一阀门791、第二阀门792、第三阀门793和第四阀门794)，这时蓄电装置63的电能驱动热电空气源制热模块81工作，即驱动热电空气源制热模块81中的半导体热电芯片组3从环境中吸收热量加热热水，具体流程为：在热电空气源制热模块81的作用下，翅片式散热器82从环境中吸热经半导体热电芯片组3提升后，再通过与其相连的热端平板热管散热器4的平板热管41传递到与平板热管41的冷凝端贴合的管式散热器42中，通过管式散热器42的水带走热量并储存在储热水箱72中，供室内使用。
[0098] 本实施例的上述光伏热电热水系统在太阳辐射较弱时或阴雨天时，能将硅晶电池温度维持在45°C以内，同时产生50°C〜80°C的热水；或者将非晶光伏电池温度维持在90°C以内，并产生90°C〜100°C的热水。
[0099] 本发明的光伏热电制热模块组7可根据需要组装成各种形式的热水系统，任何不脱离本发明整体技术构思的简单变换，均在本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1. 一种太阳能光伏热电制热模块，其特征在于：所述太阳能光伏热电制热模块由外到内依次包括玻璃盖板、封装光伏电池片、冷端散热器、半导体热电芯片组和热端平板热管散热器，所述热端平板热管散热器的冷凝端贴合有管式散热器，所述冷端散热器和热端平板热管散热器间除与半导体热电芯片组连接部分外的空隙填充有隔热材料，所述热端平板热管散热器底侧覆有隔热材料。
2.根据权利要求I所述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块，其特征在于：所述冷端散热器由两块带翅片的铝制散热板相互嵌套焊接而成，相互嵌套的两散热板之间留有过水循环通道，所述过水循环通道的两端分别设置进水口和出水ロ。
3.根据权利要求I或2所述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块，其特征在于：所述热端平板热管散热器包括有平板热管，平板热管为金属或合金挤压成型构成的平板式微热管阵列，所述平板热管的上表面为凸凹表面，其下表面为平整表面。
4.根据权利要求I或2所述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块，其特征在于：所述封装光伏电池片包括位于中间夹芯层的光伏电池，所述光伏电池的外侧覆有外层こ烯-醋酸こ烯酷，所述外层こ烯-醋酸こ烯酯上层为透明复合氟塑料膜；所述光伏电池的内侧覆有内层こ烯-醋酸こ烯酯，所述内层こ烯-醋酸こ烯酯下层为黑色复合氟塑料膜。
5. 一种光伏热电热水系统，其特征在于，所述光伏热电热水系统包括光伏热电制热模块组、热电空气源制热模块组、储热水箱和光伏供电组件，所述光伏热电制热模块组和热电空气源制热模块组均通过输水管道串并混联到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上；所述输水管道上设有循环泵； 所述光伏热电制热模块组包括ー个以上如权利要求I〜4中任一项所述的太阳能光伏热电制热模块，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的冷端散热器通过输水管道并联到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上，各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的热端平板热管散热器通过输水管道串联、并联或串并混联到所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水口上； 所述热电空气源制热模块组包括ー个以上的热电空气源制热模块，所述热电空气源制热模块由外到内主要包括翅片式散热器、半导体热电芯片组和热端平板热管散热器，各热电空气源制热模块的热端平板热管散热器通过输水管道串联、并联或串并混联到所述储热水箱的水箱出水ロ和水箱进水ロ上； 所述光伏供电组件包括光电控制器，所述各太阳能光伏热电制热模块中的封装光伏电池片通过光伏发电线路连接到所述光电控制器上，所述光电控制器上连接蓄电装置，所述蓄电装置通过输电线路连接到各太阳能光伏热电制热模块和各热电空气源制热模块的半导体热电芯片组上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的光伏热电热水系统，其特征在于：所述输水管道包括第一进水管道、第二进水管道、第三进水管道、第一出水管道、第二出水管道和第三出水管道； 所述各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的各冷端散热器并联成第一散热组件，该第一散热组件分别通过第一进水管道、第一出水管道连通至所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水ロ，构成第一制热循环通道； 所述各太阳能光伏热电制热模块的热端平板热管散热器之间串联成第二散热组件，该第二散热组件分别通过第二进水管道、第二出水管道连通至所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水ロ，构成第二制热循环通道；所述各热电空气源制热模块的热端平板热管散热器之间串联成第三散热组件，该第三散热组件分别通过第三进水管道、第三出水管道连通至所述储热水箱的水箱出水口和水箱进水ロ，构成第三制热循环通道； 上述的各条输水管道上分别设有阀门。
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| CN102646742B (zh) * | 2012-04-26 | 2014-09-24 | 中南大学 | 平板热管太阳能光伏光热复合集热器及其制作工艺 |
| CN103595338A (zh) * | 2013-10-24 | 2014-02-19 | 河海大学 | 一种光热一体化温室气体发电装置 |
| CN104821775A (zh) * | 2014-01-30 | 2015-08-05 | 内蒙古盾安光伏科技有限公司 | 太阳能发电系统 |
| CN104184401B (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2017-12-29 | 江苏弘汉生物科技有限公司 | 太阳能光伏光热发电、热电联供综合系统 |
| CN104201973A (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-12-10 | 谢英健 | 一种太阳能光伏光热发电、热电联供综合系统 |
| CN104167981A (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2014-11-26 | 谢英健 | 太阳能光伏、光热综合发电系统 |
| CN104184409B (zh) * | 2014-08-26 | 2017-12-19 | 江苏弘汉生物科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能光伏、光热综合发电系统 |
| CN104467629B (zh) * | 2014-11-14 | 2018-01-12 | 万卫东 | 一种多功能全天候全波段太阳能发电系统及其应用 |
| CN104601085B (zh) * | 2015-01-28 | 2016-08-24 | 安徽工业大学 | 一种光伏-光热-热电与烘烤一体化太阳能利用装置 |
| TWI617777B (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-03-11 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 用於輻射熱回收發電的熱交換裝置 |
| CN108831947A (zh) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-16 | 东华大学 | 一种柔性光伏热电一体化复合发电器件 |
| CN108599722B (zh) * | 2018-06-15 | 2019-09-13 | 南京理工大学 | 一种可实现温度控制与热利用的太阳能-热电耦合系统 |
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