Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of power supply reverse polarity protection circuit, when error-polarity connection of power supply, can be convenient, being connected of deenergization input and power output end effectively, thus the terminal equipment of protection power output end.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention provides a kind of power supply reverse polarity protection circuit, comprising: electronic switch, pumping source drive circuit, reversed polarity testing circuit,
Said electronic switch comprises first end that connects power input and second end that is connected power output end and control end;
Said pumping source drive circuit connects second end of said electronic switch, when electric power polarity just connects, produces the driving voltage that is higher than power input voltage;
Said reversed polarity testing circuit; First end and the control end that connect said electronic switch; When electric power polarity just connects; The said driving voltage that is produced by said pumping source drive circuit drives, first end of the said electronic switch of output conducting and the control end that controls signal to said electronic switch of second end; When error-polarity connection of power supply, first end of said electronic switch and the control end that controls signal to said electronic switch of second end are broken off in output.
Optional, said electronic switch comprises MOS transistor, and first end of the said electronic switch of said conducting and second end are that to instigate said MOS transistor conducting, first end of the said electronic switch of said disconnection and second end be to instigate said MOS transistor to end.
Optional, said MOS transistor is a nmos pass transistor, and its source electrode is first end of said electronic switch, and its drain electrode is second end of said electronic switch, and its grid is the control end of said electronic switch.
Optional, the conducting resistance of said nmos pass transistor is 10 milliohms.
Optional, said electronic switch also comprises the 4th diode, and the anode of said the 4th diode links to each other with the source electrode of said nmos pass transistor, and its negative electrode links to each other with the drain electrode of said nmos pass transistor.
Optional, said electronic switch also comprises first electric capacity, and an end of said first electric capacity links to each other with the source electrode of said nmos pass transistor, and its other end links to each other with the drain electrode of said nmos pass transistor.
Optional; Said pumping source drive circuit comprises second electric capacity, the 3rd electric capacity, second diode, the 3rd diode, second resistance, the 3rd resistance and multivibrator; The anode of said second diode links to each other with first end of said multivibrator and the drain electrode of said nmos pass transistor, and its negative electrode is connected with the anode of said the 3rd diode and first end of second electric capacity; The two ends of said second resistance connect second end of said second electric capacity and second end of said multivibrator respectively; The two ends of said the 3rd resistance connect the negative electrode of said the 3rd diode and first end of said the 3rd electric capacity respectively, second end ground connection of said the 3rd electric capacity and the 3rd end that connects said multivibrator; When electric power polarity just connect, the voltage that first end of said the 3rd electric capacity produces was said driving voltage.
Optional, said reversed polarity testing circuit comprises first diode, NPN triode, voltage stabilizing didoe, first resistance, the plus earth of said first diode, and its negative electrode links to each other with the base stage of said NPN triode; The emitter of said NPN triode links to each other with the source electrode of the anode of said voltage stabilizing didoe and said nmos pass transistor, and its collector electrode links to each other with the negative electrode of said voltage stabilizing didoe; One end of said first resistance is connected with the collector electrode of the negative electrode of said voltage stabilizing didoe and said NPN triode, and its other end links to each other with the grid of said nmos pass transistor; The negative electrode of said voltage stabilizing didoe also is connected with first end of the 3rd electric capacity of said pumping source drive circuit.
Optional, the burning voltage of said voltage stabilizing didoe is 7.5V.
Optional, said power supply is a vehicle power.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
When electric power polarity just connects; Produce the driving voltage that is higher than power input voltage through said pumping source drive circuit; Drive the control signal of the said electronic switch of said reversed polarity testing circuit output conducting, and when error-polarity connection of power supply, the control signal that said electronic switch is broken off in said reversed polarity testing circuit output; Thereby can realize convenient, conducting or the input of deenergization and being connected of output effectively, the terminal equipment of protection power output end.
Embodiment
For make above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be more obviously understandable, does detailed explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Set forth detail in the following description so that make much of the present invention.But the present invention can be different from alternate manner described here and implements with multiple, and those skilled in the art can do similar popularization under the situation of intension of the present invention.Therefore the present invention does not receive the restriction of following disclosed embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of power supply reverse polarity protection circuit provided by the invention; As shown in Figure 2; Comprise: electronic switch 10, pumping source drive circuit 20, reversed polarity testing circuit 30; Said electronic switch 10 comprises the first end 10a of connection power input U_IN and the second end 10b of power output end U_OUT, and control end 10c; Said pumping source drive circuit 20 connects the second end 10b of said electronic switch 10, when electric power polarity just connects, produces the driving voltage that is higher than power input voltage; Said reversed polarity testing circuit 30; The first end 10a and the control end 10c that connect said electronic switch 10; When electric power polarity just connects; The said driving voltage that is produced by said pumping source drive circuit 20 drives, first end 10a of the said electronic switch 10 of output conducting and the control end 10c that controls signal to said electronic switch 10 of the second end 10b; When error-polarity connection of power supply, first end 10a of said electronic switch 10 and the control end 10c that controls signal to said electronic switch 10 of the second end 10b are broken off in output.
In specific embodiment, said power supply is preferably vehicle power.Since car-mounted terminal electric current when standby less (not having off state completely), and the demand of electric current is bigger when start, if the polarity of power supply connects instead, will cause damage to the functional module of car-mounted terminal.Said electronic switch 10 comprises a MOS transistor; The first end 10a of the said electronic switch 10 of said conducting and the second end 10b instigate said MOS transistor conducting, and the first end 10a of the said electronic switch 10 of said disconnection and the second end 10b instigate said MOS transistor to end.Particularly; With the nmos pass transistor is example; When electric power polarity just connects; Said pumping source drive circuit 20 produces and is higher than the driving voltage of power input voltage and loads between the source electrode and grid of said nmos pass transistor through said reversed polarity testing circuit 30, thereby makes its source electrode and drain electrode conducting, i.e. conducting the first end 10a and the second end 10b of said electronic switch 10; When error-polarity connection of power supply, said reversed polarity testing circuit 30 loads on that voltage is 0 between source electrode and the grid of said nmos pass transistor, and then its source electrode and drain electrode end, and have promptly broken off the first end 10a and the second end 10b of said electronic switch 10.And in order to keep the little electric current of car-mounted terminal when the standby, said electronic switch 10 also includes a diode, and the anode of this diode links to each other with the source electrode of said nmos pass transistor, and its negative electrode links to each other with the drain electrode of said nmos pass transistor.Certainly, also can use the PMOS transistor, the control signal of importing its grid should be the inversion signal of the control signal of above-mentioned input NMOS transistor grid.
With specific embodiment power supply reverse polarity protection circuit provided by the invention is elaborated below.Fig. 3 is the power supply reverse polarity protection circuit diagram of the embodiment of the invention; In conjunction with Fig. 2, consult Fig. 3, in the present embodiment; The electronic switch 10 that said power supply reverse polarity protection circuit comprises, the particular circuit configurations of pumping source drive circuit 20, reversed polarity testing circuit 30 is following:
Said electronic switch 10 comprises MOS transistor; Be preferably nmos pass transistor Q1 in the present embodiment; Its source S is as the first end 10a of said electronic switch 10, and its drain D is as the second end 10b of said electronic switch 10, and its grid G is as the control end 10c of said electronic switch 10.And said nmos pass transistor Q1 has the conducting resistance of milliohm level, specifically is about 10 milliohms.Adopt less conducting resistance just can pass through bigger electric current, maximum can reach tens amperes electric current, has satisfied the demand of car-mounted terminal for big electric current.In addition, said electronic switch 10 also comprises the 4th diode D4, and the anode of said the 4th diode D4 links to each other with the source S of said nmos pass transistor Q1, and its negative electrode links to each other with the drain D of said nmos pass transistor Q1.And; The rated current of said the 4th diode D4 is less, and when car-mounted terminal was in holding state, little electric current can be through the first end 10a and the second end 10b of the said electronic switch 10 of said the 4th diode D4 conducting; When car-mounted terminal is started shooting; Big electric current is source S and the drain D conducting through said nmos pass transistor then, otherwise said the 4th diode D4 will can't stand that big electric current damages because of holding.When reality was implemented, said the 4th diode D4 can be integrated in said nmos pass transistor Q1 and go up the common electronic component that constitutes.Said electronic switch 10 also comprises first capacitor C 1, and an end of said first capacitor C 1 links to each other with the source S of said nmos pass transistor Q1, and its other end links to each other with the drain D of said nmos pass transistor Q1.Adding said first capacitor C 1 between power input U_IN and the power output end U_OUT is because after power input loads input voltage; Its voltage maybe be also unstable; Add 1 filtering of said first capacitor C to stablize the voltage at said nmos pass transistor Q1 source S and drain D two ends, in order to avoid damage said nmos pass transistor Q1.
The main effect of said pumping source drive circuit 20 is when electric power polarity just connects, to produce the driving voltage that is higher than power input voltage; Specifically can adopt two voltage doubling rectifying circuit to realize; As shown in Figure 3; Comprise second capacitor C 2, the 3rd capacitor C 3, the second diode D2, the 3rd diode D3, second resistance R 2, the 3rd resistance R 3 and multivibrator 201; The anode of the said second diode D2 links to each other with first end 201a of said multivibrator 201 and the drain D of said nmos pass transistor Q1, and its negative electrode is connected with the anode of said the 3rd diode D3 and the first end f of second capacitor C 2; The two ends of said second resistance R 2 connect second end h of said second capacitor C 2 and the second end 201b of said multivibrator 201 respectively; The two ends of said the 3rd resistance R 3 connect the negative electrode of said the 3rd diode D3 and the first end i of said the 3rd capacitor C 3 respectively, second end j ground connection (GND2) of said the 3rd capacitor C 3 and the 3rd end 201c that connects said multivibrator 201; Said driving voltage is formed at the first end i of said the 3rd capacitor C 3, and concrete forming process will be explained in the said circuit working principle below.
Said reversed polarity testing circuit 30 comprises the first diode D1, NPN triode Q2, voltage stabilizing didoe Z1, first resistance R 1, the plus earth of the said first diode D1 (GND1), and its negative electrode links to each other with the base stage b of said NPN triode Q2; The emitter e of said NPN triode Q2 links to each other with the source S of the anode of said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 and said nmos pass transistor Q1, and its collector electrode c links to each other with the negative electrode of said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1; One end of said first resistance R 1 is connected with the collector electrode c of the negative electrode of said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 and said NPN triode Q2, and its other end links to each other with the grid G of said nmos pass transistor Q1; The negative electrode of said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 also is connected with the first end i of the 3rd capacitor C 3 of said pumping source drive circuit 20.
Following mask body place of matchmakers states the operation principle of power supply reverse polarity protection circuit.
Still combining Fig. 2, consult Fig. 3, is V from power input U_IN on-load voltage value
INInput voltage after; Under the situation that electric power polarity is just connecing; Electric current is from said the 4th diode D4 of power input U_IN conducting and make the multivibrator 201 the said pumping source drive circuit 20 produce AC signal, and first end 201a of said multivibrator 201 and the alternating voltage between the second end 201b are V
201, general V
201=V
INSaid AC signal is exported by the first end 201a; After the second diode D2 rectification, obtain direct voltage so that said second capacitor C 2 is charged; The second end h by said second capacitor C 2 forms the loop through the second end 201b of second resistance R 2 to said multivibrator 201, makes the voltage V of said second capacitor C 2
C2Maximum can be said alternating voltage V
201About 1.4 times, afterwards, the voltage V of said second capacitor C 2
C2Said alternating voltage V superposes
201After the 3rd diode D3 rectification; Charge through the 3rd resistance R 3 pairs the 3rd capacitor C 3 again, form the loop by the second end j of said the 3rd capacitor C 3 to the 3rd end 201c of said multivibrator 201, thereby make the voltage maximum at said the 3rd capacitor C 3 two ends can be said alternating voltage V
201About 2.8 times because the second end j ground connection of said the 3rd capacitor C 3, then said driving voltage results from the first end i of said the 3rd capacitor C 3, this driving voltage is a direct voltage, its value is for V
C3, and V
C3Be higher than power input voltage V
IN, in specific embodiment, generally can make the said driving voltage V that is formed at the first end i of said the 3rd capacitor C 3
C3Be power input voltage V
INTwice.
Said the 3rd capacitor C 3 is exported the negative electrode that said driving voltage loads on the voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 of said reversed polarity testing circuit 30 by the first end i, and promptly the voltage of node k is V
C3, and the voltage of node a is V
IN, because V
C3Compare V
INHigh a lot; Said driving voltage is with said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 reverse breakdown; In specific embodiment, the burning voltage of said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 is 7.5V, after said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 is reversed puncture; Burning voltage warp first resistance R 1 of this 7.5V is added on source S and the grid G of nmos pass transistor Q1, the i.e. source S of nmos pass transistor Q1 and the voltage V between the grid G
GS=7.5V, greater than the conducting voltage of nmos pass transistor Q1, said nmos pass transistor Q1 conducting this moment, the first end 10a of promptly said electronic switch 10 and the second end 10b conducting, the power supply of vehicle power bio-occlusion car-mounted terminal.
In the foregoing description, said multivibrator 201 does not provide particular circuit configurations figure, during practical implementation, can adopt multivibrator circuit structure commonly used in the prior art to produce AC signal.
In other embodiments; Parameter (selecting the voltage stabilizing didoe of different parameters for use) that can be through changing said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 is so that said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 has different burning voltages, and said burning voltage is the source S that is carried in said nmos pass transistor Q1 and the magnitude of voltage V of grid G
GS, this voltage is at least greater than the conducting voltage of said nmos pass transistor Q1.
Certainly; The drive circuit of pumping source described in the foregoing description 20 produces said driving voltage with two voltage doubling rectifying circuit; In other embodiments, also can adopt other voltage doubling rectifing circuit, for example rectification circuit such as three multiplication of voltages, four multiplication of voltages; With the generation driving voltage higher than power input voltage, and this driving voltage can the said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1 of reverse breakdown.
Under the situation of error-polarity connection of power supply; The input voltage of said power input U_IN is for negative; Electric current can not flow into said pumping source drive circuit 20 from said power input U_IN, and then said pumping source drive circuit 20 is in non operating state, does not produce said driving voltage.But; Because the input voltage of said power input U_IN is for negative; Electric current flows to the base stage b of said NPN triode Q2 from the said first diode D1 of earth terminal GND1 conducting; Collector electrode e by the emitter c of said NPN triode Q2, said voltage stabilizing didoe Z1, said NPN triode Q2 forms the loop again, thereby makes said NPN triode Q2 saturation conduction, the pressure drop V between its emitter c and collector electrode e
CE0.1V only has an appointment; Make source S and the voltage between the grid G of said nmos pass transistor Q1 be almost 0 biasing and be in off-state; Be that said nmos pass transistor Q1 is in cut-off state; The first end 10a of said electronic switch 10 and the second end 10b break off, thereby have protected the functional module of car-mounted terminal.
Need to prove; In the present embodiment, the present invention is preferably applied to the protection of the power supply reversed polarity of said car-mounted terminal equipment, in other embodiments; Can be applicable to other association areas equally, rely on this circuit the terminal equipment of power output end to be protected in the situation of error-polarity connection of power supply.
To sum up, the power supply reverse polarity protection circuit that the embodiment of the invention provides has following beneficial effect at least:
When electric power polarity just connects; Produce the driving voltage that is higher than power input voltage through said pumping source drive circuit; Drive the control signal of the said electronic switch of said reversed polarity testing circuit output conducting, and when error-polarity connection of power supply, the control signal that said electronic switch is broken off in said reversed polarity testing circuit output; Thereby can realize convenient, conducting or the input of deenergization and being connected of output effectively, the terminal equipment of protection power output end.
The power supply reverse polarity protection circuit structure of the foregoing description is simple, and is easy to realize.
Though the present invention with preferred embodiment openly as above; But it is not to be used for limiting the present invention; Any those skilled in the art are not breaking away from the spirit and scope of the present invention; Can utilize the method and the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement that technical scheme of the present invention is made possible change and modification, therefore, every content that does not break away from technical scheme of the present invention; To any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment did, all belong to the protection range of technical scheme of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.