CN102479290A - Method for calculating meltability temperature of slag - Google Patents
Method for calculating meltability temperature of slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN102479290A CN102479290A CN2010105752637A CN201010575263A CN102479290A CN 102479290 A CN102479290 A CN 102479290A CN 2010105752637 A CN2010105752637 A CN 2010105752637A CN 201010575263 A CN201010575263 A CN 201010575263A CN 102479290 A CN102479290 A CN 102479290A
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- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009377 nuclear transmutation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007850 degeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating meltability temperature of slag. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining multiple groups of viscosity and corresponding temperature data of the slag; fitting a viscosity-temperature curve according to the multiple groups of viscosity and corresponding temperature data and a functional relation which indicates that the viscosity varies with the temperature, wherein, in the coordinate system of the viscosity-temperature curve, the unit of the vertical axis representing the viscosity is Pa.s, and the unit of the horizontal axis representing the temperature is centigrade; and taking the corresponding temperature of a point of contact of a straight line and the viscosity-temperature curve as the meltability temperature of slag, wherein the gradient of the straight line is 1/(50-70). In the method for calculating the meltability temperature, the value of the gradient is specifically defined, thus, the calculated meltability temperature can accurately express the characteristics of mutation in viscosity and fluidity transmutation, and the contradiction that the slag reaches the meltability temperature but cannot flow freely is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of metallurgical engineering, and in particular to a method of calculating the meltability temperature of slag.
Background
The meltability temperature of the slag refers to the temperature at which the slag transitions from being non-flowable to being free-flowing. In the production of blast furnace, the slag with too high melting temperature (T > 1450-1500 ℃) can not be used, and the slag with lower melting temperature has not necessarily good fluidity. Therefore, it is industrially very meaningful to determine the meltability temperature of slag.
Currently, there are two methods of calculating the meltability temperature: (1) slope determination method: taking the temperature corresponding to the tangent point of the straight line with the slope angle of 45 degrees and the viscosity temperature curve as the meltability temperature; (2) viscosity determination method: the temperature at which the viscosity value is 2.0-2.5 pas is taken as the meltability temperature.
Most academic papers now deal with the first calculation method, but this calculation method is not normative. First, it is intended that the slope angle is a 135 ° line, i.e., the slope is-1, rather than a 45 ° line; secondly, there are no dimensional standards for viscosity and temperature given; again, the calculated meltdown temperature is uncertain as the ratio of the values represented by long segments of the Y and X axes in the viscosity temperature curve changes. In many authoritative academic works or national project research papers in China, the apparent slopes obtained when the melting temperature is obtained are all-1, but the actual slopes are very different, so the obtained melting temperature is not comparable. The slope determination method has the advantages of accurately expressing the meanings of viscosity mutation and fluidity degeneration, but has the defect that the required melting temperature is not comparable due to the dependence on an apparent slope and failure to indicate a true slope. In addition, the misgiving of the true slope may result in the slag having too high a meltability viscosity to flow normally, and the meltability temperature thus calculated loses its essential meaning and is obviously incorrect. FIG. 1 shows the contradiction that the slag does not flow freely at the meltability temperature, due to the meltability viscosity of 4 pas resulting from the actual slope being chosen too low (too sharp angle).
Although the constant viscosity method can effectively avoid the situation that the slag shown in fig. 1 can not flow freely at the melting temperature, the constant viscosity method also has the defect that the meaning of abrupt viscosity change and qualitative change of fluidity can not be accurately expressed for some short slag, and the melting temperature calculated in the way is not the turning point of the curve as shown in fig. 2.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the method for calculating the melting temperature in the prior art cannot accurately calculate the melting temperature, the invention particularly provides a method for calculating the melting temperature of slag.
The method for calculating the melting temperature of the slag comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of groups of viscosity data of the slag and data of corresponding temperature; according to the multiple groups of viscosities, the data of the temperatures corresponding to the viscosities and the function relation of the viscosity changing along with the temperatures, fitting a viscosity-temperature curve, wherein in a coordinate system where the viscosity-temperature curve is located, the unit of a vertical axis representing the viscosities is Pa.s, and the unit of a horizontal axis representing the temperatures is Pa.s; and taking the temperature corresponding to the tangent point of the viscosity-temperature curve and the straight line with the slope of-1/(50-70) as the melting temperature of the slag.
The method for calculating the melting temperature provided by the invention has the advantages that the slope value is clearly defined, the calculated melting temperature can accurately express the characteristics of viscosity mutation and fluidity qualitative change, the contradiction that the slag can not flow freely at the melting temperature does not exist, and the connotation of the melting temperature can be accurately reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process of calculating a slag meltability temperature by a conventional fixed slope method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a process of calculating a slag meltability temperature by a prior constant viscosity method;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method of calculating the slag meltability temperature according to the invention;
FIGS. 4a and 4b are graphs of the fusibility temperature versus the fusibility viscosity versus slope norm, for saddle and Pan steel slags, respectively; and
fig. 5a and 5b are schematic views of the process of calculating the slag meltability temperature using the meltability temperature calculation method of the present invention for saddle steel slag and Pan steel slag, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order that the manner in which the above recited and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are obtained will become more apparent, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention provides a method of calculating a meltability temperature of slag, the method including: acquiring a plurality of groups of viscosity data of the slag and data of corresponding temperature; according to the multiple groups of viscosities, the data of the temperatures corresponding to the multiple groups of viscosities and the function relation of the viscosities with the temperature change, a viscosity-temperature curve (eta/Pa s-T/° C) is fitted, in a coordinate system where the viscosity-temperature curve is located, the unit of a vertical axis representing the viscosities is Pa s (Pascal seconds), and the unit of a horizontal axis representing the temperatures is; and taking the temperature corresponding to the tangent point of the viscosity-temperature curve and the straight line with the slope of-1/(50-70) as the melting temperature of the slag.
Wherein the function relation of the viscosity along with the temperature is
Where eta is viscosity, A is a coefficient relating to the properties of the slag, EηR is the gas constant (8.3145) and T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin for viscous activation energy related to the properties of the slag. In the functional relationship, A and EηThe two unknown coefficients related to the attributes of the slag can be obtained by obtaining a plurality of groups of viscosities and the corresponding temperatures thereof and adopting a certain algorithm to fit a viscosity-temperature curve so as to obtain the unknown coefficients A and Eη. The algorithm may be a nonlinear least square method, a Lagrange interpolation polynomial method, a Newton interpolation polynomial method, or a cubic spline interpolation, etc., and the process of curve fitting using the algorithm is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be described herein. After fitting the curve equation, the curve should be calculated by an iterative method
The abscissa corresponding to the tangent point of the straight line is the melting temperature point.
The present invention will be further described below by taking an iterative algorithm as an example.
The above-mentioned functional relationship of viscosity with temperature change is derived to give the following equation:
wherein,
the tangent equation representing the curve, the value of K being referred to herein as the slope norm, is compiled for this equation (1):
in the range of the definition domain and the value domain with practical significance, the formula meets the Lipschitz convergence condition, and the melting temperature can be obtained by carrying out iterative operation on the formula (2).
In the invention, the slope norm K is selected in consideration of the constraint condition of meltability viscosity and the constraint condition of industry experience. The constraint condition of the meltability viscosity is '0.5 < eta < 2.5 Pa.s', the slag is difficult to flow when the viscosity is high, and is easy to splash when the viscosity is low, and in order to verify the reasonability of the melting temperature, the viscosity range of '0.5 < eta < 2.5 Pa.s' which is suitable for flowing is specially taken as the final constraint condition of the meltability viscosity. The industrial experience constraint condition is that the melting temperature ranges from 1250 ℃ to 1350 ℃ and/or ranges from 1330 ℃ to 1450 ℃, according to the summary of industrial experience, the melting temperature range of the common slag ranges from 1250 ℃ to 1350 ℃, and the melting temperature of the climbing steel high-titanium type slag is about 80 ℃ to 100 ℃ higher than that of the common slag and is about 1330 ℃ to 1450 ℃. The industrial experience constraint condition is a loose and reference condition and can be considered on the premise of meeting the constraint condition of meltability viscosity.
The accuracy of the selection of the slope criterion K is verified below by taking saddle steel slag and Pan steel slag as examples. FIGS. 4a and 4b are graphs of the temperature of meltability versus the viscosity of meltability versus slope norm for saddle and Pan steel slag, respectively. The viscosity-temperature data for saddle and Pan steel slags are shown in tables 1 and 2 below.
TABLE 1 Pan Steel slag viscosity-temperature data
TABLE 2 viscosity-temperature data for saddle steel slag
From the data in tables 1 and 2, a viscosity-temperature curve can be fitted to give A and E in formula (2)ηThe value of (c). Thereafter, the melting temperature and the melting viscosity can be plotted against the slope norm by changing the slope norm K to 10, 20, 30, …, 100, respectively, as shown in fig. 4a and 4 b.
As can be seen from fig. 4a and 4b, when K is 50 to 70, the first constraint is satisfied, i.e., the slag free-flowing viscosity ranges from 0.5 to 2.5Pa · s. In addition, when K is 50-70, the second constraint condition is also met, namely the melting temperature range of the common slag is 1250-1350 ℃, and the melting temperature of the climbing steel high titanium type slag is about 1330-1450 ℃. Therefore, when K is 50 to 70, the calculated melting temperature is in accordance with the viscosity range of free flow of slag and the empirical summary of the industry, so K is preferably 50 to 70.
In the standardized definition of the melting temperature (it should be noted that, currently, there is no standard definition in the authoritative textbook, and the standardized definition of the melting temperature is not mentioned in the national standard), the slope criterion is preferably K equal to 50. Fig. 5a and 5b are schematic diagrams of the process of calculating the slag meltability temperature for saddle and Pan steel slag, respectively (viscosity-temperature curve fitting using the data in tables 1 and 2 above was still used), using the meltability temperature calculation method of the present invention and a slope norm K-50 (i.e., the slope of the straight line was-1/50). In FIG. 5a, the viscosity value corresponding to the tangent point of the straight line and the curve is 2.16 pas, the temperature value is 1313 ℃, the viscosity value 2.16 pas is in the range of 0.5-2.5 pas, and the temperature value 1313 ℃ is in the range of 1250-1350 ℃; in FIG. 5b, the viscosity corresponding to the point of tangency of the straight line and the curve is 0.94 pas, the temperature is 1368 ℃, the viscosity is 0.94 pas is in the range of 0.5-2.5 pas, and the temperature is 1368 ℃ is also in the range of 1330-1450 ℃. As can be seen from fig. 5a and 5b, the values of the melting temperature are both determined to meet the above two constraints, i.e., the viscosity range and the melting temperature range are satisfied, which also verifies the correctness of taking the slope criterion K equal to 50 from the side.
According to the invention, through a large number of experiments and researches, the temperature corresponding to the tangent point of a straight line with the slope of-1/(50-70) and a viscosity-temperature curve is most suitable as the melting temperature of the slag, so that the calculated melting temperature can accurately express the meanings of the sudden change of the viscosity and the qualitative change of the fluidity, the contradiction that the slag cannot flow freely at the melting temperature is avoided, and the problems that engineering testers cannot unify the melting temperature standard and cannot realize the calculation accuracy of the melting temperature for many years are solved.
Although the present invention has been disclosed in the context of the above embodiments, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of calculating the meltability temperature of slag, the method comprising:
acquiring a plurality of groups of viscosity data of the slag and data of corresponding temperature;
according to the multiple groups of viscosities, the data of the temperatures corresponding to the viscosities and the function relation of the viscosity changing along with the temperatures, fitting a viscosity-temperature curve, wherein in a coordinate system where the viscosity-temperature curve is located, the unit of a vertical axis representing the viscosities is Pa.s, and the unit of a horizontal axis representing the temperatures is Pa.s; and
and taking the temperature corresponding to the tangent point of the viscosity-temperature curve and a straight line with the slope of-1/50-1/70 as the melting temperature of the slag.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the slope of the line is-1/50.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity as a function of temperature is expressed as:where eta is viscosity, A is a coefficient relating to the properties of the slag, EηIs the viscous activation energy associated with the properties of the slag, R is the gas constant and T is the kelvin temperature.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the viscosity-temperature curve is fitted by a non-linear least squares method, a Lagrange interpolation polynomial method, a Newton interpolation polynomial method, or a cubic spline interpolation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the slope of the line depends on a range of melt viscosities.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the melt viscosity is in a range of 0.5 < η < 2.5 Pa-s.
7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the slope of the line is further dependent on a range of meltability temperatures.
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein the meltability temperature is in the range 1250 to 1350 ℃ and/or 1330 to 1450 ℃.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103090839A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-05-08 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Method for measuring chip area of packaged power device |
| CN110372197A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-25 | 中南大学 | A method of it obtaining ferroalloy smelting waste residue and produces minimum end of melting temperature during qualified mineral wool |
| CN110750911A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-04 | 中冶赛迪重庆信息技术有限公司 | Blast furnace slag physical property analysis method and analysis system |
Citations (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2541820Y (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-03-26 | 东北大学 | Tester for slag molten temp characteristic |
| JP2005002405A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Blast furnace operating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2541820Y (en) * | 2002-05-23 | 2003-03-26 | 东北大学 | Tester for slag molten temp characteristic |
| JP2005002405A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Blast furnace operating method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| SICHEN等: "A model for estimation of viscosities of complex metallic and lonic melts", 《METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B》 * |
| 吴卫国: "铜闪速熔炼多相平衡数模研究与系统开发", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
| 杨绍利等: "《钛铁矿熔炼钛渣与生铁技术》", 30 April 2006, 冶金工业出版社 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103090839A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-05-08 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Method for measuring chip area of packaged power device |
| CN103090839B (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院微电子研究所 | Method for measuring chip area of packaged power device |
| CN110372197A (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2019-10-25 | 中南大学 | A method of it obtaining ferroalloy smelting waste residue and produces minimum end of melting temperature during qualified mineral wool |
| CN110372197B (en) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-08-06 | 中南大学 | Method for obtaining minimum melting end point temperature in process of producing qualified slag wool from ferroalloy smelting waste residues |
| CN110750911A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-02-04 | 中冶赛迪重庆信息技术有限公司 | Blast furnace slag physical property analysis method and analysis system |
| CN110750911B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-12-22 | 中冶赛迪重庆信息技术有限公司 | Blast furnace slag physical property analysis method and analysis system |
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