CN102477499A - Easy-cutting environment-friendly brass alloy - Google Patents
Easy-cutting environment-friendly brass alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN102477499A CN102477499A CN2010105896120A CN201010589612A CN102477499A CN 102477499 A CN102477499 A CN 102477499A CN 2010105896120 A CN2010105896120 A CN 2010105896120A CN 201010589612 A CN201010589612 A CN 201010589612A CN 102477499 A CN102477499 A CN 102477499A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an easy-cutting environment-friendly brass alloy comprising components of, by weight: 0.01-0.4% of bismuth, 0.01-0.25% of lead, 0.2-0.5% of nickel, 0.4-0.9% of tin, one or more elements selected from iron, aluminum and antimony, and above 96% of copper and zinc. A total content of the selected elements is 0.02-1.2% by weight, and the copper content of the brass alloy is 57-67% by weight.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of environment-friendly yellow brass alloy, especially the present invention relates to a kind of free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy.
Background technology
The major ingredient of brass is copper and zinc, and both ratios are generally about 7: 3 or 6: 4, comprises small amount of impurities in addition usually.In order to improve brass character, known brass leaded (being mostly 1 to 3 weight %) to be reaching the required mechanical characteristics of industry, and therefore becomes industry and go up important materials, is widely used in the goods such as metal device or metal valve of pipeline, water tap, water supply/water exhaust system.
Yet along with environmental consciousness comes back, heavy metal comes into one's own for the problem of health effects and environmental pollution gradually, therefore, limits the present trend that is used for of lead-containing alloy.States such as Japan, the U.S. revise relevant laws and regulations successively; Do one's utmost to promote to reduce the leaded rate in the environment; Contain the lead-containing alloy material that is used for the peripheral product of household electrical appliances, automobile, water, special demands lead can not be from this product stripping in tap water, and in procedure for processing, must avoid Lead contamination.Therefore, industry is desired most ardently the unleaded brass material of exploitation, seeks alternative Winn bronze, but still must take into account material wrought performance, machinability, weldability, erosion resistance, with the alloy formula of mechanical properties.
The report of existing many at present Pb-free copper-alloy prescriptions; Be that staple replaces lead and makes an addition in the brass alloys for example with silicon (Si); The Pb-free copper-alloy prescription that disclosed such as TW421674, US7354489, US20070062615, US20060078458, US2004023441 for example; But the shortcoming of these known technologies is that hardness is too high, forging property and weldability are relatively poor, and machinability is not good.In addition, it is main alloy element that Pb-free copper-alloy for example fills a prescription that CN10144045 discloses with aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, though can be used for forging, weldableness and machinability are relatively poor, and working (machining) efficiency is inappropriate for production in enormous quantities far below leaded brass.
It is that staple replaces lead and makes an addition in the brass alloys with bismuth (Bi) that document is also arranged; For example US7297215, US6974509, US6955378, US6149739, US5942056, US5653827, US5487867, US5330712, US20060005901, US20040094243, US5637160, US20070039667 etc.; The bi content of above-mentioned alloy formula is contained the scope of 0.5 weight % to 7 weight % approximately; And except bismuth, each self-contained other different elemental compositions and specified proportion.But the no leaded brass of high bismuth (＞1 weight %), because of the Bi atomic radius is 0.16nm, the Pb atomic radius is 0.18nm.Cu is a FCC closest packing structure, and its octahedra interstitial atom radius is 0.053nm, and tetrahedron interstitial atom radius is 0.029nm, and the both is less than Pb, Bi atomic radius, so can't be present in the Cu with interstitial atom.So Bi and the solid solution of Pb atom are minimum in the Cu alloy, so Bi often is present in the copper alloy with simple substance mutually.And 271 ℃ of Bi fusing points are lower, forging or during hot-work such as welding, and the bismuth film that can be in a liquid state, thus reduced the bonding force of intergranule.Cause the body material strength degradation, easily cracking under the effect of external force or internal stress.Therefore be not suitable for hot-work.
Again, US6413330 discloses the Pb-free copper-alloy prescription that comprises bismuth, silicon and other composition simultaneously, and CN101440444 also discloses high zinc silicon does not have lead brass alloy; Yet, because of its silicon content height but copper content is lower, be difficult to welding; And the bad plasticity of alloy almost can not be used for forging.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is protected brass alloy material for the free machining low lead ring of exploitation.
The present invention relates to a kind of free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy, this free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy comprises: a kind of free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy comprises: the bismuth of 0.01 to 0.4 weight %; 0.01 lead to 0.25 weight %; 0.2 nickel to 0.5 weight %; 0.4 tin to 0.9 weight %; And one or more element in chosen from Fe, aluminium and the antimony, and the total content of selected element is 0.02 to 1.2 weight %; And above copper and the zinc of 96 weight %; Wherein, the copper content of these brass alloys is 57 to 67 weight %.
In the free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention; The content of copper and zinc is to account for more than the 96 weight % of alloy gross weight; Wherein, copper accounts for 57 to 67 weight % of alloy gross weight, preferably accounts for 59 to 63 weight % of alloy gross weight; The copper of the content of this scope can provide good toughness of alloy and good processibility, in order to the following process of alloy material.
In free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention, lead content is below the 0.25 weight %.In a preferred embodiment; Lead content is 0.01 to 0.25 weight %, is preferably 0.05 to 0.2 weight %, and an amount of lead has the material of raising cutting ability; But plumbous to the big toxicity of human harm, this cutting brass alloy meets the lead-free alloy environmental regulation standard that lead content is lower than 0.25 weight %.
In free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention, bi content is 0.01 to 0.4 weight %.In a preferred embodiment, bi content is 0.05 to 0.35 weight %, and an amount of bismuth has the cutting resistance of reducing, and improves the cutting ability effect.
In free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention, tin content is 0.4 to 0.9 weight %.In a preferred embodiment, tin content is 0.5 to 0.8 weight %.An amount of tin can promote the solidity to corrosion of material to cl ions, and can promote the intensity of alloy material.
In free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention, nickel content is 0.2 to 0.5 weight %.In a preferred embodiment, nickel content is 0.3 to 0.45 weight %.An amount of nickel ability refinement material grains increases toughness of material.
Free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention also comprises in chosen from Fe, aluminium and the antimony one or more element, and the total content of selected element is 0.02 to 1.2 weight %, and serves as preferred with 0.2 to 1.0 weight %.In a preferred embodiment, select to add antimony, and antimony content 0.01 to 0.2 weight %.An amount of antimony helps cutting, thereby bi content of the present invention is minimized, and still keeps machinability.
In another preferred embodiment, select to add iron, and iron level is 0.02 to 0.35 weight %.An amount of iron can refinement brass material crystal grain, but too much can reduce the plastic deformation ability of material.
In another preferred embodiment, select to add aluminium, and aluminium content is 0.02 to 0.65 weight %.An amount of aluminium can increase brass material intensity, hardness, but too much can cause brass fragility and plasticity to reduce.
In free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention; One or more element in good time interpolation silicon, manganese, magnesium and the phosphorus; And the total content of selected element is 0.02 to 0.7 weight %; To improve mechanical property, wear resistance and the solidity to corrosion of brass, promote welding property, the processing procedure processibility of copper and alloy, thereby improve alloy each item performance.
In free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention, the zirconium of trace, boron and rare-earth element cerium can purify crystal boundary by crystal grain thinning, make alloy structure even, thereby improve alloy property, improve extruding copper rod quality, increase the strength of materials and plasticity.Therefore, also can comprise in selected among zirconium, boron and the cerium one or more element, and the total content of selected element is 0.01 to 0.1 weight %.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is that the metallographic structure of the free machining environmental protection brass of the embodiment of the invention 1 distributes; And
Figure 1B is that the metallographic structure of C37700 leaded brass test piece (comparative example 1) distributes.
Fig. 2 A is the smear metal figure of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 1, and smear metal is a sheet, and length is 3-5mm.
Fig. 2 B is the smear metal figure of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 2, and smear metal is a sheet, and length is 4-6mm.
Fig. 2 C is the smear metal figure of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 3, and smear metal is a sheet, and length is 5-7mm.
Fig. 2 D is the smear metal figure of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 4, and smear metal is a sheet, and length is 4-6mm.
Fig. 2 E is the smear metal figure of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 5, and smear metal is a sheet, and length is 3-5mm.
Fig. 2 F is the smear metal figure of the C37700 leaded brass of comparative example 1, and smear metal is collapses particle shape or needle-like, and length is 2-3mm.
Embodiment
Below be through particular specific embodiment embodiment of the present invention to be described, those skilled in the art can understand other advantage of the present invention and effect by the content that this specification sheets disclosed.
In this manual, except as otherwise noted, otherwise the composition that free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy comprised is a benchmark with this alloy gross weight all, and representes with weight percent (wt%).
The present inventor finds; When being added into brass alloys, on microcosmic, being prone in the crystal grain of brass alloys, form the liquid film of bismuth with known high-load bismuth (more than the 1 weight %); Produce continuous flaky bismuth at grain boundary segregation at last; Cover crystal boundary, make that the physical strength of alloy is defeated and dispersed and the red brittleness of alloy and cold shortness are improved, cause the material cracking.
Yet; According to free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy prescription of the present invention; Only need use the bismuth below the 1wt%; Not only can solve material rimose defective and still can reach the material behavior (like machinability etc.) that leaded brass (like known C37700 leaded brass) is possessed, and be difficult for cracking or product defects such as slag inclusion.Therefore, free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention can reduce the bismuth consumption, effectively reduces the production cost of free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy, goes up very advantageous for commercial production and application.
In addition,, can make the lead content of alloy be reduced to 0.01 to 0.25 weight %, meet world regulation for the lead content of the tube material that contacts with water according to free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy prescription of the present invention.Therefore, help making application such as water tap and bathroom spare part, tap water pipeline, waterworks according to free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention.
Below, will set forth the present invention in detail with exemplary embodiments.
State the leadless free-cutting brass alloy of the present invention of Test Example and the composition of comparative example after being used for, as follows
Shown in the table 1, wherein, each components in proportions is to be benchmark with the alloy gross weight.
Test Example 1:
Medium-frequency induction furnace is adopted in the preparation of this alloy, carries out the brass alloys melting; According to each alloy melting point and material behavior, the alloy melting point height reaches required composition ratio and is added in the induction furnace in regular turn; Carry out mixing stirring; Control good its alloy oxidation and scaling loss situation, add the refining agent of melting in good time, come out of the stove into copper ingot 1000 to 1050 ℃ of casting.
Copper ingot is processed required unleaded copper rod according to operations such as sawing, ingot blank heating, extruding, water seal, system head, pickling, drawing and alignings.
Then, copper rod is cut into desired length, send into forging press, be heated to 700 ℃, die temperature is controlled at 250 to 350 ℃, is forged into the product blank.Through mechanical cutting processing, the welding copper pipe polishes to electroplate and processes the water tap product with forging stock.And add up the qualification rate of each process stage.
Produce total qualification rate=salable product number/all prods number * 100%
The total qualification rate of the production of processing procedure is a reacted processing procedure quality stability, and quality stability is high more, could guarantee ordinary production.
The composition measured value of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 1 is Cu:61.38wt%, Zn:36.99wt%, Pb:0.073wt%, Bi:0.356wt%, Al:0.137wt%, Sn:0.532wt%, Fe:0.062wt%, Ni:0.241wt%, Sb:0.021wt%, Si:0.04wt%, Zr:0.004wt%, Ce:0.002wt%.Its metallographic structure distributes shown in Figure 1A, about 20 to the 40 μ m of the particle diameter of its crystal grain, and its α phase crystal grain can obtain higher intensity and hardness less than the crystal grain of C37700, and length of chip about 3 shown in Fig. 2 A, has excellent machinability to 5mm.
The composition measured value of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 2 is Cu:62.21wt%, Zn:35.75wt%, Pb:0.012wt%, Bi:0.312wt%, Sb:0.032wt%, Sn:0.644wt%, Fe:0.084wt%, Ni:0.228wt%, Si:0.117wt%, Zr:0.006wt%, Ce:0.003wt%.Its metallographic structure distributes roughly identical with embodiment 1, and its α phase crystal grain is less than the crystal grain of C37700, and length of chip about 4 shown in Fig. 2 B, has excellent machinability to 6mm.
The composition measured value of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 3 is Cu:60.82wt%, Zn:36.75wt%, Pb:0.097wt%, Bi:0.275wt%, Sb:0.058wt%, Sn:0.689wt%, Fe:0.135wt%, Ni:0.247wt%, Si:0.176wt%, Zr:0.005wt%, Ce:0.004wt%.Its metallographic structure distributes roughly identical with embodiment 1, and its α phase crystal grain is less than the crystal grain of C37700, and length of chip about 5 shown in Fig. 2 C, has excellent machinability to 7mm.
The composition measured value of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 4 is Cu:59.85wt%, Zn:37.31wt%, Pb:0.163wt%, Bi:0.221wt%, Sb:0.077wt%, Sn:0.724wt%, Fe:0.183wt%, Ni:0.363wt%, Si:0.194wt%, Zr:0.006wt%, Ce:0.003wt%.Its metallographic structure distributes roughly identical with embodiment 1, and its α phase crystal grain is less than the crystal grain of C37700, and length of chip about 4 shown in Fig. 2 D, has excellent machinability to 6mm.
The composition measured value of the free machining environmental protection brass of embodiment 5 is Cu:61.43wt%, Zn:35.74wt%, Pb:0.112wt%, Bi:0.128wt%, Sb:0.086wt%, Sn:0.796wt%, Fe:0.221wt%, Ni:0.315wt%, Si:0.203wt%, Zr:0.004wt%, Ce:0.002wt%.Its metallographic structure distributes roughly identical with embodiment 1, and its α phase crystal grain is less than the crystal grain of C37700, and length of chip about 3 shown in Fig. 2 E, has excellent machinability to 5mm.
Figure 1B then is the tissue distribution of comparative example 1, and the measured value of C37700 leaded brass staple is: Cu:59.63wt%, Pb:1.15wt%, Bi:0.0072wt%, Al:0.114wt%, Sn:0.0554wt%, Fe:0.095wt%, Ni:0.0243wt%, Mg:0.0004wt%, Si:0.002wt%.The about 2mm of the length of chip of this alloy shown in Fig. 2 F, though have excellent machinability, does not meet international environmental law rule, and is harmful to HUMAN HEALTH.
Table 1, the total qualification rate statistics of production
REM: surplus
Material of the present invention is processed product after through forging, mechanical cutting, welding, the processing of polishing multitask preface; It processes total qualification rate, and not have lead bronze than commercially available high bismuth higher; Suitable with the C37700 leaded brass, have good processibility, can replace existing leaded brass fully and be used for products production.
Test Example 2:
Carry out the measuring mechanical property of brass alloys according to ISO6998-1998 " metallic substance tensile tests at room " standard, the result is as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
Can know from table 2; The tensile strength of free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention is higher than C37700; Elongation and C37700 leaded brass are approaching; Represent that free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention possesses the mechanical property that is equivalent to the C37700 leaded brass, can replace the C37700 leaded brass really and be used to manufacture a product.
Test Example 3:
Allow the amount of separating out standard to test according to NSF 61-2007a SPAC single product metal, check with environment that water contact in the metal of brass alloys to separate out the measurement test result as shown in table 3 below:
Table 3
As shown in table 3, each metal amount of separating out of free machining environmental protection brass of the present invention meets the requirement of NSF 61-2007a SPAC all far below upper limit standard value.And free machining environmental protection brass of the present invention more is starkly lower than the amount of separating out of C37700 leaded brass in the amount of separating out of heavy metal lead, also be lower than through washing the plumbous C37700 leaded brass of handling, and compliance with environmental protection requirements more, and help HUMAN HEALTH.
Test Example 4:
On lathe, carry out the machinability test with the C37700 leaded brass of comparative example 1 and the free cutting copper of the present invention of embodiment 1 respectively.The condition enactment of machinability test is as shown in the table.
Table 4: experiment parameter is set
Table 5
In the machinability test, in the data of axial (Ff), the radially cutting resistance of (Fp), normal direction (Fc) three directions, and cutting energy, free machining environmental protection brass of the present invention and known C37700 leaded brass are approaching, and cutting energy is slightly high, but its cutting resistance difference is little.
In addition, the C37700 leaded brass collapses particle shape or needle-like because lead is distributed on the brass base with soft some form disperse so smear metal is; Free machining environmental protection brass of the present invention smear metal is compared big slightly with the smear metal of C37700 leaded brass, in the form of sheets, have good machinability equally.
Free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention has the mechanical property suitable with the C37700 leaded brass (for example machinability), even more excellent in known C37700 leaded brass (for example tensile strength); Processing procedure qualification rate, mechanical workout qualification rate at cast article also are good; And free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention significantly reduces the scorification output, and the utmost point is suitable as the alloy material that replaces known leaded brass.The foregoing description is illustrative free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy of the present invention and its object preparation method only, but not is used to limit the present invention.Any those skilled in the art all can be under spirit of the present invention and category, and the foregoing description is modified and changed.Therefore, rights protection scope of the present invention like the back claims record.
Claims (18)
1. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy comprises:
0.01 bismuth to 0.4 weight %;
0.01 lead to 0.25 weight %;
0.2 nickel to 0.5 weight %;
0.4 tin to 0.9 weight %;
And one or more elements in chosen from Fe, aluminium and the antimony, and the total content of selected element is 0.02 to 1.2 weight %; And above copper and the zinc of 96 weight %; Wherein, the copper content of said brass alloys is 57 to 67 weight %.
2. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1 also comprises one or more elements that are selected from silicon, manganese, magnesium and the phosphorus, and the total content of selected element is 0.02 to 0.7 weight %.
3. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1 also comprises one or more elements in selected among zirconium, boron and the cerium, and the total content of selected element is 0.01 to 0.1 weight %.
4. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, copper content is 59 to 63 weight %.
5. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, bi content is 0.05 to 0.35 weight %.
6. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, lead content is 0.05 to 0.2 weight %.
7. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, nickel content is 0.3 to 0.45 weight %.
8. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, tin content is 0.5 to 0.8 weight %.
9. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, antimony content is 0.01 to 0.2 weight %.
10. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, iron level is 0.02 to 0.35 weight %.
11. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, aluminium content is 0.02 to 0.65 weight %.
12. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the total content of one or more elements in chosen from Fe, aluminium and the antimony is 0.2 to 1.0 weight %.
13. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy gold as claimed in claim 2, wherein, manganese content is 0.02 to 0.2 weight %.
14. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy gold as claimed in claim 2, wherein, silicone content is 0.02 to 0.2 weight %.
15. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy gold as claimed in claim 2, wherein, Mg content is 0.02 to 0.15 weight %.
16. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy gold as claimed in claim 2, wherein, phosphorus content is 0.02 to 0.15 weight %.
17. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein, the total content that is selected from one or more elements in silicon, manganese, magnesium and the phosphorus is 0.05 to 0.6 weight %.
18. free machining environment-friendly yellow brass alloy as claimed in claim 3 also comprises one or more elements in selected among zirconium, boron and the cerium, and the total content of selected element is 0.01 to 0.05 weight %.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104862520A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-08-26 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | Brass alloy as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20120530 |