CN102477495A - Preparation method of leadless, bismuth-free and free-cutting brass - Google Patents
Preparation method of leadless, bismuth-free and free-cutting brass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A preparation method of leadless, bismuth-free and free-cutting sintered brass. According to the invention, a powder activated sintering method is adopted for production. Powders and a binder are proportioned as follows: by weight, 0.2-0.5% of a sintering activator copper-containing nickel powder with the mass fraction of nickel being greater than 70%, 0.06-0.40% of a second-phase micropowder, 0.5-1.0% of the binder zine stearate, 0.3-0.5% of a dispersant PVA, and the balance being brass powder. The powders are mixed, pressed and sintered. The sintering technology comprises steps of: heating from room temperature to the temperature of 840-860 DEG C in the reducing atmosphere for 2-5 hours and carrying out water cooling. The second-phase micropowder is a graphite micropowder, a hexagonal boron nitride micropowder, a manganese sulfide micropowder or a molybdenum disulfide micropowder. The granularity of the second-phase micropowder is 1-10 microns. The granularity of the brass powder is less than or equal to 106 microns. And the granularity of the copper-containing nickel powder is less than or equal to 75 microns. The brass prepared in the invention contains no lead, bismuth and antimony and is environmentally friendly. Therefore, the preparation method provided by the invention is suitable for large-scale production and requires low production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the method for manufacture of a kind of manufacturing technology of metallic substance, particularly non-leaded easily-cutting brass.
Background technology
Leaded brass has characteristics such as good cold and hot working performance, fabulous cutting ability and self-lubricating, can satisfy the machining requirement of different shape component.Winn bronze is once by the universally acknowledged fields such as domestic water supply system, electronics, automobile and machinofacture that are widely applied to for important base mateiral.Because leaded brass is widely used, so depleted leaded brass spare and accessory parts quantity is a lot, wherein have only to be recovered utilization on a small quantity, a lot of smallclothes are used as rubbish and abandon.The depleted leaded brass contacts with soil, and its contained lead gets into soil under rainwater and atmospheric long term, thus contaminated soil and water source.When discarded leaded brass was taken as waste incineration, plumbous steam distributed among atmosphere, and human body is produced greatly harm, thereby its application receives strict restriction day by day.The i.e. not solid solution of lead does not form intermetallic compound with copper yet, but is present in crystal boundary with the particle form of simple substance in copper.Lead under the effect of impurity in tap water and organic acid etc. in the copper alloy containing lead is slowly separated out with the ionic form, and existing copper alloy containing lead is difficult to satisfy the requirement of environmental protection act.In order to reduce plumbous deleterious effect; The scientific research personnel with regard to tap water to the mechanism of corrosion of brass and add element the corrosive effects of brass has been carried out systematic research; And taked multiple measure; As add the corrosion resisting property that alloying elements such as a spot of tin, nickel improve leaded brass, or the lead of solubility is removed metals such as covering chromium then on the surface of deleading again or taked other method to suppress plumbous leaching etc.Owing to exist lead all the time in the brass, these methods can't fundamentally be eliminated plumbous deleterious effect.With lead element as a kind of leaded brass of the principal element that improves the brass cutting ability under the regulation of environmental protection act, have to withdraw from historical stage.
No matter, still, valueless to the improvement that leaded brass is patched up again from the angle of Technological Economy from environmental protection laws and regulations both domestic and external, have the unleaded novel brass of exploitation only.People have the process of a long-term accumulation to the research of metal, alloy, compound, and are quite abundant to the understanding of its characteristic.Elements such as bismuth, antimony, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, sulphur, calcium, tellurium, selenium join that the improvement to cutting ability has obtained common recognition in the brass, all have number of patents open both at home and abroad, as: leadless free-cutting brass alloy material and its method of manufacture, 02121991.5; Leadless free-cutting brass alloy, 200310109162.0; Ecological, environmental protective new type leadless easy cutting low antimony bismuth brass alloys and method of manufacture thereof, 200510050425.4; Pb-free copper-alloy, 200610005689.2; A kind of unleaded easy-cutting magnesium-bismuth-brass alloys, 200710098481.4; A kind of leadless free-cutting magnesium silicon brass 2009-2-25 200910042723.7; A kind of casting non-leaded easily-cutting brass 200910044315.5.It must be noted that, compare with being prone to the cutting leaded brass, the processing characteristics of all at present non-leaded easily-cutting brass and cost, as: there are some problems more or less in pressure machining characteristics, machinability or use properties.,, compare with leaded brass and also have big gap when improving the principal element of cutting ability with bismuth metal though the cutting ability of bismuth brass is also very good.On the other hand, the processing characteristics of bismuth particularly hot workability is also not ideal, and more crucial is that bismuth ion also is not very clear health effects so far, and the size of its spinoff does not still have public opinion, also is unwilling to accept bismuth brass in some countries and regions.Antimony is little malicious element to human body, and its stripping concentration in water receives strict restriction, although the cutting ability of merimee's yellow copper is also very outstanding, it uses and also receives very big restriction.Sulphur adds in the brass relatively more difficult, so its application also is restricted.Magnesium can obviously improve the cutting ability of brass, but its addition can not be too much, when its massfraction surpasses 0.2%; The unit elongation of alloy begins to descend, and addition is many more, and its extension property descends obvious more; Use properties to brass is unfavorable, and this also is unfavorable for the application of magnesium brass.Phosphorus adds the cutting ability that helps improving it in the brass to, but reduces the plasticity of alloy simultaneously, and the alloy hot cracking tendency increases during low-pressure casting.This makes the addition of phosphorus in brass receive very big restriction, and the use of phosphorus brass is very limited.Because tin, tellurium, selenium price Gao Mao, one-ton brass and contain tellurium, selenium brass is difficult to accepted by market, silicon brass is because copper content is high, expensive, the market share is very little.In the reality exploitation, engineering technical personnel adopt the method for alloying element diversification mostly, and compound interpolation has the alloying element of improved action to cutting ability in brass.But facts have proved that it is also unsatisfactory to add the multiple method of improving the cutting ability element, on the one hand, because the interaction between the element can reduce the effect of improving cutting ability each other.On the other hand, owing to after adding multiple metallic element, can produce the effect of alloy strengthening, the intensity of brass, hardness are all improved, in the cutting ability that to a certain degree also can reduce brass.And add-on rare, your element too much also can make the cost of brass improve, and it is also unfavorable that marketing is used.
The free-cutting brass material that current market presses for a kind of unleaded, no bismuth, no antimony satisfies the process requirements of brass small articles, abnormal member, and the present invention considers this demand just and develops.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to effectively solve the leaded brass problem of environment pollution caused; For the small-scale structure spare in fields such as electron device, hot-water heating bathroom, clock and watch provides a kind of preparation method of unleaded cheaply no bismuth free-cutting brass, realize unleaded, no bismuth, the no antimony of non-leaded easily-cutting brass.
Particular content of the present invention:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 54.0%-70.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%-0.4%, all the other are zinc (Zn); Total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%, or brass powder contains aluminium, tin, manganese, 4 kinds of elements of silicon one or more; Each element mass percent be aluminium smaller or equal to 1.2%, tin is smaller or equal to 0.5%, manganese is smaller or equal to 0.6%; Silicon is smaller or equal to 1.5%, and selected element total content is smaller or equal to 3.5%.The second phase micro mist is one or more of graphite microparticles, hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, manganese sulfide micro mist or molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and the granularity of the second phase micro mist is 1-10 μ m.Sintering activator is the cupric nickel powder, and dispersion agent is PVA, and sticker is a Zinic stearas.The granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.2%-0.5%, and the nickeliferous massfraction of institute is greater than 70% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of the second phase micro mist is 0.06%-0.40%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%-1.0%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%-0.5%; Surplus is a brass powder.
Technical process of the present invention is following:
Unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass of the present invention adopts powder activated sintering method to produce.Various powder and sticker carry out proportioning by following massfraction: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.2%-0.5%, nickeliferous massfraction 70%-100% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of the second phase micro mist is 0.06%-0.40%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%-1.0%; The massfraction of dispersion agent PVA is 0.3%-0.5%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender (not putting ball) or planetary type ball-milling frame (ball material mass ratio 1:8), and mixing time 5-7 hour, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 2-5 hour heat-up time; Fully remove sticker, sintering temperature 840-860 ℃, sintering time 45-75min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.
Materials respectively and test HB, cutting ability (comprising surfaceness, surface temperature and fines per-cent) and the mechanical property (comprising tensile strength and unit elongation) of brass.During cut all smear metals are collected, then 14 mesh standard sieves are crossed in smear metal, take by weighing the quality of all smear metals before the sieve, take by weighing the sieve quality of fines down behind the sieve, calculate fines per-cent than the total mass of smear metal with the quality of fines.
Principle of the present invention:
Plumbous solubleness in the brass melt is very big, and the room temperature solid solubility in copper is almost nil, so during the leaded brass melt solidifying, lead is distributed in the brass with fine spheroidal particle form disperse.Lead has more crisp and soft characteristics, and on the other hand, plumbous fusing point has only 327.5 ℃; The heat of friction that when leaded brass is carried out cut, produces can make plumbous particle further softening; When leaded brass is cut, the cavity that the plumbous particle of these disperses is equivalent to exist in the brass, stress is concentrated at this easily; Produce so-called " notched effect ", thereby cause smear metal to be easy in this fracture.In addition, cutter head and smear metal contact the part because of the cut instant melting that is heated, help to change the shape of smear metal, and play the effect of lubricated cutter, can make tool bit abrasion reduce to minimum.Therefore; Plumbous cracked smear metal, minimizing bonding and seam and the raising cutting speed of in the cutting process of free-cutting brass material, playing a part can improve the efficient of cut greatly, and increase the work-ing life of cutter; Reduce the roughness of finished surface, make finished surface smooth smooth.Plumbous existence in being prone to the cutting leaded brass has conclusive effect to its cutting ability.Be employed in the second small phase micro mist of interpolation in the brass such as the method for graphite microparticles, hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, manganese sulfide micro mist or molybdenumdisulphide micro mist among the present invention, replace plumbous particle with the second phase micro powder granule.Because the constructional feature of the second phase micro mist makes them all have soft and sliding characteristic.The second phase micro powder granule that is distributed in the brass also is the equal of to have a cavity in the brass, and stress is concentrated at this easily, produces so-called " notched effect ", thereby causes smear metal to be easy in this fracture.Because the second phase micro powder granule has lubricated effect to bite, also can reduce the abrasive action of cutter head, improves cut efficient greatly.The second phase micro mist combines not strong with interface between the brass particle, adding the second phase micro mist has certain disadvantageous effect to the mechanical property of brass, unfavorable to its use, is reduced to minimum but take suitable measure just can must not influence.The present invention is directed to this problem has solution cleverly, adopts the second phase micro mist, and its granularity is little, can reduce to maximum amplitude the disadvantageous effect of the second phase particle to mechanical property and use properties.Because the granularity of graphite microparticles is very tiny, with blended such as activator powder, copper powder the time, is easy to occur segregation even reunites.The appearance of this phenomenon makes the mis-behave of non-leaded easily-cutting brass, must take adequate measures to avoid.The present invention is through optimizing the consumption of dispersion agent PVA, and the segregation extent control of graphite microparticles in acceptable scope, has been optimized the cutting ability and the mechanical property of non-leaded easily-cutting brass.Sintering activator cupric nickel powder is to the very positive effect that has of the minimizing of the raising of the bonding strength of non-leaded easily-cutting brass crystal grain, hole, and its performance is improved also has very positive meaning.
Advantage of the present invention: unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass has good cutting performance, and cutting power can reach and be equivalent to 88% of leaded brass, and cost is 92% of a leaded brass, has reduced by 8%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 54.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is a graphite microparticles, and granularity is 10 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.5%, nickeliferous massfraction 70% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.06%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender (not putting ball), mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 2 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 840 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 45min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB131; Surfaceness is that raise 22.4 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.56 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.5%; Cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 278.1MPa, and unit elongation is 3.3%.Cost is 92% of a leaded brass, has reduced by 8%.
Embodiment 2:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 54.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, tin (Sn) 0.17%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.5%, nickeliferous massfraction 80% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.11%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender (not putting ball), mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 3 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 850 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 55min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB125; Surfaceness is that raise 26.4 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.38 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.1%; Cutting power is equivalent to 85% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 223.6MPa, and unit elongation is 3.7%.Cost is 92% of a leaded brass, has reduced by 8%.
Embodiment 3:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 54.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.3%, aluminium (Al) 0.6%, manganese (Mn) 0.3%, magnesium (Mg) 0.1%, silicon (Si) 1.0%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the powder mix of manganese sulfide micro mist and graphite microparticles, and granularity is 2.3 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.5%, nickeliferous massfraction 90% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of the powder mix of manganese sulfide micro mist and graphite microparticles is 0.22%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 4 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 855 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 65min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB119; Surfaceness is that raise 23.5 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.32 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 78.2%; Cutting power is equivalent to 88% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 281.4MPa, and unit elongation is 3.5%.Cost is 92% of a leaded brass, has reduced by 8%.
Embodiment 4:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 54.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, magnesium (Mg) 0.4%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1.5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.5%, nickeliferous massfraction 100% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.4%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 5 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 860 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 75min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB121; Surfaceness is that raise 27.8 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.42 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 72.8%; Cutting power is equivalent to 82% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 249.4MPa, and unit elongation is 3%.Cost is 92% of a leaded brass, has reduced by 8%.
Embodiment 5:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 59.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.4%, aluminium (Al) 0.8%, tin (Sn) .04%, silicon (Si) 1.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is a graphite microparticles, and granularity is 1.5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.4%, nickeliferous massfraction 100% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.13%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts planetary type ball-milling frame (ball material mass ratio 1:8), mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 5 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 855 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 75min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB120; Surfaceness is that raise 26.4 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.22 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 81.6%; Cutting power is equivalent to 89% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 302.2MPa, and unit elongation is 3.2%.
Embodiment 6:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 59.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, tin (Sn) 0.34%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.4%, nickeliferous massfraction 90% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.06%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts planetary type ball-milling frame (ball material mass ratio 1:8), mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 4 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 860 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 65min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB119; Surfaceness is that raise 25.2 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.27 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.8%; Cutting power is equivalent to 88% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 217.4MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 7:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 59.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, manganese (Mn) 0.2%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the manganese sulfide micro mist, and granularity is 2.3 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.4%, nickeliferous massfraction 80% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of manganese sulfide micro mist is 0.4%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 3 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 840 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 55min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB110; Surfaceness is that raise 26.8 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.5 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.8%; Cutting power is equivalent to 87% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 210.4MPa, and unit elongation is 2.3%.
Embodiment 8:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 59.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, magnesium (Mg) 0.1%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1.5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.4%, nickeliferous massfraction 70% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.3%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 2 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 845 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 45min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB117; Surfaceness is that raise 27.6 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.15 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 72.9%; Cutting power is equivalent to 85% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 241.5MPa, and unit elongation is 3.5%.
Embodiment 9:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 64.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.4%, aluminium (Al) 0.3%, magnesium (Mg) 0.1%, silicon (Si) 0.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is a graphite microparticles, and granularity is 2.3 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.3%, nickeliferous massfraction 80% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.2%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 3 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 860 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 55min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB119; Surfaceness is that raise 30.7 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.41 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 76.1%; Cutting power is equivalent to 87% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 290MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 10:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 64.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.3%, tin (Sn) 0.1%, silicon (Si) 0.1%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.3%, nickeliferous massfraction 90% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.2%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 2 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 855 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 45min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB123; Surfaceness is that raise 29.6 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.42 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.5%; Cutting power is equivalent to 86% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 280.7MPa, and unit elongation is 3.2%.
Embodiment 11:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 64.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.4%, manganese (Mn) 0.6%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the manganese sulfide micro mist, and granularity is 2.3 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.3%, nickeliferous massfraction 70% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of manganese sulfide micro mist is 0.09%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 5 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 850 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 75min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB105.6; Surfaceness is that raise 19.6 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.66 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.1%; Cutting power is equivalent to 85% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 236.1MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 12:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 64.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.3%, magnesium (Mg) 0.27%, silicon (Si) 1.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.3%, nickeliferous massfraction 100% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.22%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 4 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 840 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 65min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB110; Surfaceness is that raise 29.6 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.29 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 76.8%; Cutting power is equivalent to 86% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 295.6MPa, and unit elongation is 3.4%.
Embodiment 13:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 70.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, aluminium (Al) 0.8%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is a graphite microparticles, and granularity is 5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.2%, nickeliferous massfraction 70% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.26%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 4 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 845 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 65min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB129; Surfaceness is that raise 29.9 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.29 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 72.1%; Cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 259.4MPa, and unit elongation is 3.1%.
Embodiment 14:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 70.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, tin (Sn) 0.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.2%, nickeliferous massfraction 100% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.16%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 5 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 840 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 75min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB121; Surfaceness is that raise 34 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.25 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 73.3%; Cutting power is equivalent to 84% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 260.5MPa, and unit elongation is 3.1%.
Embodiment 15:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 70.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.2%, manganese (Mn) 0.2%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the manganese sulfide micro mist, and granularity is 2.3 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.2%, nickeliferous massfraction 90% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of manganese sulfide micro mist is 0.16%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 2 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 860 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 55min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB113; Surfaceness is that raise 31.1 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.22 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 72.8%; Cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 230.7MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 16:
The massfraction of each element is respectively in the brass powder: copper (Cu) 70.0%, and phosphorus (P) 0.4%, magnesium (Mg) 0.15%, silicon (Si) 0.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.The second phase micro mist is the molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1.5 μ m, the granularity of brass powder≤106 μ m, the granularity of cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.The proportioning of various powder is following: sintering activator cupric nickel powder massfraction is 0.2%, nickeliferous massfraction 80% in the cupric nickel powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.12%; Sticker Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is a brass powder.The powder batch mixing adopts the V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, i.e. compacting after batch mixing finishes; Promptly put into the sintering oven sintering after having suppressed, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature from room temperature, 3 hours heat-up times; Fully remove sticker, 855 ℃ of sintering temperatures, sintering time 45min; Sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.Carry out cutting experiment from the sampling of sintering appearance; The result is that the HB of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB113; Surfaceness is that raise 31.1 ℃, fines per-cent of 1.22 μ m, cutting back surface temperature are 72.8%; Cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, and tensile strength is 272.6MPa, and unit elongation is 2.8%.
Claims (8)
1. the preparation method of a unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass is characterized in that: with sticker and powder ingredients, adopt the preparation of powder activated sintering method, detailed process is:
Earlier sticker and powder are carried out proportioning by following massfraction: sticker Zinic stearas, massfraction are 0.5%-1.0%; Sintering activator, nickeliferous massfraction is at the cupric nickel powder more than 70%, 0.2%-0.5%; The second phase micro mist is one or more of graphite microparticles, hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, manganese sulfide micro mist or molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and massfraction is 0.06%-0.40%; Dispersion agent PVA, massfraction are 0.3%-0.5%, and surplus is a brass powder;
Said components is carried out batch mixing, mixing time 5-7 hour, suppress again; Put into the sintering oven sintering then, sintering process is: begin to be heated to sintering temperature 840-860 ℃ from room temperature, 2-5 hour heat-up time; Fully remove sticker; Sintering time 45-75min, sintering atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere, the intact back water flowing of sintering cool to room temperature.
2. weigh the preparation method of 1 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass according to claim; It is characterized in that: the massfraction of said each element of brass powder is respectively: copper 54.0%-70.0%; Phosphorus 0.2%-0.4%; All the other are zinc, and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.
3. weigh the preparation method of 2 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brasses according to claim; It is characterized in that: said brass powder contains one or more of aluminium, tin, manganese, 4 kinds of elements of silicon; Each element mass percent be aluminium smaller or equal to 1.2%, tin is smaller or equal to 0.5%, manganese is smaller or equal to 0.6%; Silicon is smaller or equal to 1.5%, and selected element total content is smaller or equal to 3.5%.
4. according to the preparation method of claim power 1,2 or 3 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brasses, it is characterized in that: the granularity of described brass powder≤106 μ m.
5. weigh the preparation method of 1 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass according to claim, it is characterized in that: the granularity of described sintering activator cupric nickel powder≤75 μ m.
6. weigh the preparation method of 1 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass according to claim, it is characterized in that: the massfraction of the sintering activator cupric nickel powder described in the proportioning is 0.2%-0.4%.
7. weigh the preparation method of 1 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass according to claim, it is characterized in that: the massfraction of the second phase micro mist described in the proportioning is 0.08%-0.34%.
8. weigh the preparation method of 1 described unleaded no bismuth free-cutting brass according to claim, it is characterized in that: the sticker Zinic stearas massfraction described in the proportioning is 0.6%-0.9%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101285138A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-15 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Leadless and free-cutting phosphorus-brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101285137A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-15 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Leadless and free-cutting brass containing magnesium and manufacturing method for manufactures |
| CN101440444A (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2009-05-27 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Leadless free-cutting high-zinc silicon brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101624667A (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2010-01-13 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Sintered leadless free-cutting brass and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101285138A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-15 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Leadless and free-cutting phosphorus-brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101285137A (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2008-10-15 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Leadless and free-cutting brass containing magnesium and manufacturing method for manufactures |
| CN101440444A (en) * | 2008-12-02 | 2009-05-27 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Leadless free-cutting high-zinc silicon brass alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101624667A (en) * | 2009-08-11 | 2010-01-13 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Sintered leadless free-cutting brass and preparation method thereof |
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