CN102477496B - Method for preparing unleaded free-cutting brass - Google Patents
Method for preparing unleaded free-cutting brass Download PDFInfo
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- CN102477496B CN102477496B CN201010561437.4A CN201010561437A CN102477496B CN 102477496 B CN102477496 B CN 102477496B CN 201010561437 A CN201010561437 A CN 201010561437A CN 102477496 B CN102477496 B CN 102477496B
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Abstract
A method for preparing unleaded free-cutting brass is used for production by means of a powder activation sintering process. Powder and binder include, in mass fraction ratio, sintering activator which contains from 0.2% to 0.5% of phosphorous copper powder and from 0.06% to 0.40% of second-phase micropowder, binder which contains from 0.5% to 1.0% of zinc stearate, from 0.3% to 0.5% of dispersant PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), and the rest percentage of brass powder. Sintering is performed after mixing and pressing, and the sintering process includes that heating is performed from the room temperature to the sintering temperature ranging from 830 DEG C to 850 DEG C in a reducing atmosphere, wherein the heating time ranges from 2 hours to 5 hours, and the sintering time ranges from 45 minutes to 75 minutes. The second-phase micropowder is graphite micropowder, hexagonal boron nitride micropowder, manganese sulfide micropowder or molybdenum disulfide micropowder, the granularity of the second-phase micropowder ranges from 1 micrometer to 10 micrometers, the granularity of the brass powder is not larger than 106 micrometers, and the granularity of the phosphorous copper powder is not larger than 75 micrometers. The brass prepared by the method does not contain lead, bismuth and antimony, and the method is environment-friendly, suitable for mass production and low in production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the manufacture method of a kind of manufacturing technology of metallic substance, particularly non-leaded easily-cutting brass.
Background technology
Leaded brass has the features such as excellent cold and hot working performance, fabulous cutting ability and self-lubricating, can meet the machining requirements of different shape component.Winn bronze was once widely applied to the fields such as domestic water supply system, electronics, automobile and machinofacture by universally acknowledged for important base mateiral.Because leaded brass is widely used, therefore discarded leaded brass spare and accessory parts quantity is a lot, and wherein only have and be recovered utilization on a small quantity, a lot of smallclothes are abandoned by as rubbish.Discarded leaded brass contacts with soil, and the lead contained by it, under the long term of rainwater and air, enters soil, thus contaminated soil and water source.When discarded leaded brass is taken as waste incineration, plumbous steam distributes among air, and produce high risks to human body, thus its application is subject to strict restriction day by day.Namely lead be not solid-solution in copper, also do not form intermetallic compound with copper, but be present in crystal boundary with the particle form of simple substance.Lead under the effect of the impurity in tap water and organic acid etc. in copper alloy containing lead is slowly separated out with the form of ion, and existing copper alloy containing lead is difficult to the requirement meeting environmental protection act.In order to reduce plumbous deleterious effect, scientific research personnel has carried out systematic research to the mechanism of corrosion of brass and Addition ofelements to the corrosive effects of brass with regard to tap water, and take many kinds of measures, as added the alloying elements such as a small amount of tin, nickel to improve the corrosion resisting property of leaded brass, or the lead of solubility is removed the leaching etc. then covering the metals such as chromium on the surface of deleading again or take other method suppression plumbous.Owing to there is lead all the time in brass, fundamentally cannot eliminate plumbous deleterious effect in these processes.Using lead element as a kind of leaded brass improving the principal element of brass cutting ability under the regulation of environmental protection act, have to exit the stage of history.
No matter from environmental law Laws & Regulations both domestic and external, or from the angle of Technological Economy, the improvement of patching up again to leaded brass is valueless, has the novel brass that exploitation is unleaded only.The research of people to metal, alloy, compound has the process of a long term accumulation, quite abundant to the understanding of its characteristic.The elements such as bismuth, antimony, magnesium, phosphorus, silicon, sulphur, calcium, tellurium, selenium join in brass and have obtained common recognition to the improvement of cutting ability, have a large amount of patents open both at home and abroad, as: leadless free-cutting brass alloy material and its manufacture method, 02121991.5; Leadless free-cutting brass alloy, 200310109162.0; Ecological environmental-protection lead-free free-cutting low antimony bismuth brass alloy and manufacture method thereof, 200510050425.4; Pb-free copper-alloy, 200610005689.2; A unleaded easy-cutting magnesium-bismuth-brass alloys, 200710098481.4; A kind of leadless free-cutting magnesium silicon brass 2009-2-25 200910042723.7; A kind of casting non-leaded easily-cutting brass 200910044315.5.It must be noted that, compared with Cutting free leaded brass, the processing characteristics of non-leaded easily-cutting brass all at present and cost, as: there are some problems more or less in pressure machining characteristics, machinability or use properties.Using bismuth metal as when improving the principal element of cutting ability, although the cutting ability of Bi brass is also very excellent, also there is larger gap compared with leaded brass.On the other hand, particularly hot workability is also not ideal for the processing characteristics of bismuth, and more crucially the impact of bismuth ion on HUMAN HEALTH is also not very clear so far, and the size of its side effect there is no public opinion, is also unwilling to accept Bi brass in some countries and regions.Antimony is micro-malicious element to human body, and its stripping concentration in water is subject to strict restriction, although the cutting ability of Stibium Brass is also very outstanding, its use is also very restricted.Sulphur adds in brass more difficult, therefore its application is also restricted.Magnesium obviously can improve the cutting ability of brass, but its addition can not be too much, when its massfraction is more than 0.2%, the unit elongation of alloy starts to decline, and addition is more, and its extension property declines more obvious, unfavorable to the use properties of brass, this is also unfavorable for the application of magnesium brass.Phosphorus adds in brass the cutting ability being conducive to improving it to, but falls low-alloyed plasticity simultaneously, and during low-pressure casting, alloy hot cracking tendency increases.This makes the addition of phosphorus in brass be very restricted, and also makes the use of phosphorus brass be very limited.Due to tin, tellurium, selenium price Gao Mao, one-ton brass and containing tellurium, selenium brass be difficult to accepted by market, silicon brass due to copper content high, price, the market share is very little.In actual development, engineering technical personnel adopt the method for alloying element diversification mostly, and in brass, compound adds alloying element cutting ability being had to improved action.But facts have proved, it is also unsatisfactory to add the multiple method improving cutting ability element, on the one hand, due to the interaction between element, can mutually reduce the effect improving cutting ability.On the other hand, owing to adding after Determination of multiple metal elements, the effect of alloy strengthening can be produced, make the intensity of brass, hardness all improves, to a certain degree also can reduce the cutting ability of brass.And add-on that is rare, your element too much also can make the cost of brass improve, also unfavorable to marketing application.
Vehicles Collected from Market in the urgent need to a kind of unleaded, without bismuth, the process requirements meeting brass small articles, abnormal member without the free-cutting brass material of antimony, the present invention considers this demand just and develops.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the problem effectively solving leaded brass contaminate environment, small-scale structure part for fields such as electron device, water heating bathroom, clock and watch provides a kind of preparation method of non-leaded easily-cutting brass of low cost, realize non-leaded easily-cutting brass unleaded, without bismuth, without antimony.
Particular content of the present invention:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 54.0%-70.0%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%; Or brass powder contains one or more in nickel, aluminium, tin, manganese, magnesium or silicon 6 kinds of elements, each element mass percent is that nickel is less than or equal to 0.2%, aluminium is less than or equal to 1.2%, tin is less than or equal to 0.5%, manganese is less than or equal to 0.6%, magnesium is less than or equal to 0.4%, and silicon is less than or equal to 1.5%, and selected element total content is less than or equal to 3.5%.Second-phase micro mist be graphite microparticles, hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, manganese sulfide micro mist or molybdenumdisulphide micro mist one or more, the granularity of second-phase micro mist is 1-10 μm.Sintering activator is phosphorous copper powder, and dispersion agent is PVA, and binding agent is Zinic stearas.Granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of binding agent and various powder is as follows: binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%-1.0%; Sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.2%-0.5%, massfraction 1.5%-3% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of second-phase micro mist is 0.06%-0.40%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%-0.5%; Surplus is brass powder.
Present invention process flow process is as follows:
Non-leaded easily-cutting brass of the present invention adopts powder activated sintering method to produce.Various powder and binding agent carry out proportioning by following massfraction: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.2%-0.5%, massfraction 1.5%-3% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of second-phase micro mist is 0.06%-0.40%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%-1.0%; The massfraction of dispersion agent PVA is 0.3%-0.5%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender (not putting ball) or planetary type ball-milling frame (ball material mass ratio 1:8), mixing time 5-7 hour, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, heat-up time 2-5 hour, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 830-850 DEG C, sintering time 45-75min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.
To materials respectively the test Brinell hardness of brass, cutting ability (comprising surfaceness, surface temperature and fines per-cent) and mechanical property (comprising tensile strength and unit elongation).During machining, all chips are collected, then 14 mesh standard sieves are crossed in chip, before sieve, take the quality of all chips, take the quality of the lower fines of sieve after sieve, calculate fines per-cent by the quality of fines than the total mass of chip.
Principle of the present invention:
Plumbous solubleness in brass melt is very large, and room temperature solid solubility in copper is almost nil, therefore during leaded brass melt solidifying, plumbous with fine spheroidal particle form Dispersed precipitate in brass.Lead has more crisp and soft feature, on the other hand, plumbous fusing point only has 327.5 DEG C, when carrying out machining to leaded brass, the heat of friction of generation can make plumbous particle soften further, when leaded brass is cut, the plumbous particle of these disperses is equivalent to the cavity existed in brass, and stress is easily concentrated at this, produce so-called " notched effect ", thus cause chip to be easy in this fracture.In addition, in the contact local of cutter head and chip because machining is heated instant melting, contribute to the shape changing chip, and play the effect of lubrication cutter, tool bit abrasion can be made to reduce to minimum.Therefore, lead plays a part cracked chip, reduces bonding and seam and improve cutting speed in the cutting process of free-cutting brass material, greatly can improve the efficiency of machining, and increase cutting-tool's used life, reduce the roughness of finished surface, make finished surface flat smooth.Plumbous existence in Cutting free leaded brass has conclusive effect to its cutting ability.Adopt in the present invention and add the method for small second-phase micro mist as graphite microparticles, hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, manganese sulfide micro mist or molybdenumdisulphide micro mist in brass, replace plumbous particle with second-phase micro powder granule.Due to the constructional feature of second-phase micro mist, them are made all to have soft and sliding characteristic.The second-phase micro powder granule be distributed in brass is also the equal of there is a cavity in brass, and stress is easily concentrated at this, produces so-called " notched effect ", thus causes chip to be easy in this fracture.Because second-phase micro powder granule to have the effect of lubrication to bite, also can reduce the abrasive action of cutter head, greatly improve machining efficiency.Interface cohesion between second-phase micro mist and brass particle is strong, and adding the mechanical property of second-phase micro mist to brass has certain disadvantageous effect, unfavorable to its uses, but take suitable measure just energy must not affect be reduced to minimum.The present invention is directed to this problem and have solution cleverly, adopt second-phase micro mist, its granularity is little, can reduce the disadvantageous effect of Second Phase Particle to mechanical property and use properties in maximum amplitude ground.Because the granularity of graphite microparticles is very tiny, when mixing with activator powder, copper powder etc., be easy to occur segregation, even reunite.The appearance of this phenomenon, makes the penalty of non-leaded easily-cutting brass, and adequate measures must be taked to avoid.The present invention, by optimizing the consumption of dispersion agent PVA, by the segregation extent control of graphite microparticles in acceptable scope, optimizes cutting ability and the mechanical property of non-leaded easily-cutting brass.Sintering activator cupric nickel powder to the raising of the bonding strength of non-leaded easily-cutting brass crystal grain, the minimizing of hole have very positive effect, to its performance improve also have very positive meaning.
advantage and beneficial effect
Advantage of the present invention: non-leaded easily-cutting brass has excellent cutting ability, cutting power is the highest is equivalent to 88% of leaded brass, and cost is 92% of leaded brass, reduces 8%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 54.0%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is graphite microparticles, and granularity is 10 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.5%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.06%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender (not putting ball), mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 2 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 830 DEG C, sintering time 45min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB131, surfaceness is 1.56 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 22.4 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.5%, cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 279.1MPa, and unit elongation is 3.3%.Cost is 92% of leaded brass, reduces 8%.
Embodiment 2:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 54.0%, nickel (Ni) 0.1%, tin (Sn) 0.17%, all the other are zinc (Zn), total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.5%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.11%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender (not putting ball), mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 3 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 840 DEG C, sintering time 55min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB125, surfaceness is 1.38 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 26.4 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.1%, cutting power is equivalent to 85% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 223.6MPa, and unit elongation is 3.7%.Cost is 92% of leaded brass, reduces 8%.
Embodiment 3:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 54.0%, nickel (Ni) 0.2%, manganese (Mn) 0.3%, magnesium (Mg) 0.1%, silicon (Si) 1.0%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is the powder mix of manganese sulfide micro mist and graphite microparticles, and granularity is 2.3 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.5%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of the powder mix of manganese sulfide micro mist and graphite microparticles is 0.22%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 4 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 845 DEG C, sintering time 65min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB119, surfaceness is 1.32 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 23.5 DEG C, fines per-cent is 78.2%, cutting power is equivalent to 88% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 281.4MPa, and unit elongation is 3.5%.Cost is 92% of leaded brass, reduces 8%.
Embodiment 4:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 54.0%, magnesium (Mg) 0.4%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1.5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.5%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.4%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 5 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 850 DEG C, sintering time 75min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB121, surfaceness is 1.42 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 27.8 DEG C, fines per-cent is 72.8%, cutting power is equivalent to 82% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 248.4MPa, and unit elongation is 3%.Cost is 92% of leaded brass, reduces 8%.
Embodiment 5:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 59.0%, nickel (Ni) 0.1%, aluminium (Al) 0.8%, tin (Sn) .04%, all the other are zinc (Zn), total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is graphite microparticles, and granularity is 1.5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.4%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.13%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts planetary type ball-milling frame (ball material mass ratio 1:8), mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 5 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 845 DEG C, sintering time 75min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB120, surfaceness is 1.22 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 26.4 DEG C, fines per-cent is 81.6%, cutting power is equivalent to 89% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 304.2MPa, and unit elongation is 3.2%.
Embodiment 6:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 59.0%, tin (Sn) 0.34%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.4%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.06%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts planetary type ball-milling frame (ball material mass ratio 1:8), mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 4 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 850 DEG C, sintering time 65min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB119, surfaceness is 1.27 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 25.2 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.8%, cutting power is equivalent to 88% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 217.4MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 7:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 59.0%, manganese (Mn) 0.2%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is manganese sulfide micro mist, and granularity is 2.3 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.4%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of manganese sulfide micro mist is 0.4%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 3 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 830 DEG C, sintering time 55min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB110, surfaceness is 1.5 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 26.8 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.8%, cutting power is equivalent to 87% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 210.4MPa, and unit elongation is 2.3%.
Embodiment 8:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 59.0%, magnesium (Mg) 0.1%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1.5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.4%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.3%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 2 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 835 DEG C, sintering time 45min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB117, surfaceness is 1.15 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 27.6 DEG C, fines per-cent is 72.9%, cutting power is equivalent to 85% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 239.5MPa, and unit elongation is 3.5%.
Embodiment 9:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 64.0%, nickel (Ni) 0.1%, aluminium (Al) 0.3%, magnesium (Mg) 0.1%, silicon (Si) 1.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is graphite microparticles, and granularity is 2.3 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.3%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.2%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 3 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 850 DEG C, sintering time 55min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB119, surfaceness is 1.41 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 30.7 DEG C, fines per-cent is 76.1%, cutting power is equivalent to 87% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 290MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 10:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 64.0%, tin (Sn) 0.1%, silicon (Si) 0.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.3%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.2%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 2 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 845 DEG C, sintering time 45min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB123, surfaceness is 1.42 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 29.6 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.5%, cutting power is equivalent to 86% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 280.7MPa, and unit elongation is 3.2%.
Embodiment 11:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 64.0%, manganese (Mn) 0.6%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is manganese sulfide micro mist, and granularity is 2.3 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.3%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of manganese sulfide micro mist is 0.09%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 5 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 840 DEG C, sintering time 75min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB105.6, surfaceness is 1.66 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 19.6 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.1%, cutting power is equivalent to 85% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 234.1MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 12:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 64.0%, nickel (Ni) 0.2%, aluminium (Al) 0.8%, tin (Sn) 0.5%, manganese (Mn) 0.4%, magnesium (Mg) 0.27%, silicon (Si) 1.0%, all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.3%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.22%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 4 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 830 DEG C, sintering time 65min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB110, surfaceness is 1.29 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 29.6 DEG C, fines per-cent is 76.8%, cutting power is equivalent to 86% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 294.7MPa, and unit elongation is 3.4%.
Embodiment 13:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 70.0%, aluminium (Al) 0.8%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is graphite microparticles, and granularity is 5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.2%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of graphite microparticles is 0.26%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.7%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.37%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 4 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 835 DEG C, sintering time 65min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB129, surfaceness is 1.29 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 29.9 DEG C, fines per-cent is 72.1%, cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 254.4MPa, and unit elongation is 3.1%.
Embodiment 14:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 70.0%, tin (Sn) 0.5%, silicon (Si) 0.1%, all the other are zinc (Zn), total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, and granularity is 5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.2%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of hexagonal boron nitride micro mist is 0.16%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.5%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.3%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 5 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 830 DEG C, sintering time 75min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB121, surfaceness is 1.25 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 34 DEG C, fines per-cent is 73.3%, cutting power is equivalent to 84% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 260.5MPa, and unit elongation is 3.1%.
Embodiment 15:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 70.0%, manganese (Mn) 0.2%, and all the other are zinc (Zn), and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is manganese sulfide micro mist, and granularity is 2.3 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.2%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of manganese sulfide micro mist is 0.16%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 1%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.5%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 2 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 850 DEG C, sintering time 55min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB113, surfaceness is 1.22 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 31.1 DEG C, fines per-cent is 72.8%, cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 230.7MPa, and unit elongation is 2.9%.
Embodiment 16:
In brass powder, the massfraction of each element is respectively: copper (Cu) 70.0%, magnesium (Mg) 0.15%, silicon (Si) 0.5%, all the other are zinc (Zn), total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.Second-phase micro mist is molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and granularity is 1.5 μm, granularity≤106 μm of brass powder, granularity≤75 μm of phosphorous copper powder.The proportioning of various powder is as follows: sintering activator phosphorous copper powder massfraction is 0.2%, massfraction 1.8% phosphorous in phosphorous copper powder; The massfraction of molybdenumdisulphide micro mist is 0.12%; Binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.9%; The massfraction of dispersion agent is 0.44%; Surplus is brass powder.Powder batch mixing adopts V-type blender, mixing time 6 hours, namely suppress after batch mixing terminates, namely put into sintering oven after having suppressed and sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature, 3 hours heat-up times, abundant removal binding agent, sintering temperature 845 DEG C, sintering time 45min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.Cutting experiment is carried out from the sampling of sintering sample, found that, the Brinell hardness of non-leaded easily-cutting brass is HB113, surfaceness is 1.22 μm, cut that rear surface temperature increases 31.1 DEG C, fines per-cent is 72.8%, cutting power is equivalent to 83% of leaded brass, tensile strength is 272.6MPa, and unit elongation is 2.8%.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for non-leaded easily-cutting brass, is characterized in that binding agent and powder ingredients, and adopt powder activated sintering legal system standby, detailed process is:
First binding agent and powder are carried out proportioning by following massfraction: binding agent Zinic stearas, massfraction is 0.5%-1.0%; Sintering activator, phosphorous massfraction is the phosphorous copper powder of 1.5%-3%, and massfraction is 0.2%-0.5%; Second-phase micro mist is one or more in graphite microparticles, hexagonal boron nitride micro mist, manganese sulfide micro mist or molybdenumdisulphide micro mist, and massfraction is 0.06%-0.40%; Dispersion agent PVA, massfraction is 0.3%-0.5%; Surplus is brass powder; Described brass powder contain in nickel, aluminium, tin, manganese, magnesium or silicon 6 kinds of elements one or more, each element mass percent is that nickel is less than or equal to 0.2%, aluminium is less than or equal to 1.2%, tin is less than or equal to 0.5%, manganese is less than or equal to 0.6%, magnesium is less than or equal to 0.4%, and silicon is less than or equal to 1.5%, and selected element total content is less than or equal to 3.5%;
Said components is carried out batch mixing, mixing time 5-7 hour, suppress again, then put into sintering oven to sinter, sintering process is: from room temperature, be heated to sintering temperature 830-850 DEG C, heat-up time 2-5 hour, abundant removal binding agent, sintering time 45-75min, sintering atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, has sintered rear water flowing cool to room temperature.
2. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1, is characterized in that: the massfraction of described brass powder copper is 54.0%-70.0%, and total impurities is not more than 0.5%, and any one foreign matter content is not more than 0.05%.
3. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: granularity≤106 μm of described brass powder.
4. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1, is characterized in that: granularity≤75 μm of the phosphorous copper powder of described sintering activator.
5. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1, is characterized in that: the massfraction of the phosphorous copper powder of described sintering activator is 0.2%-0.4%.
6. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1, it is characterized in that: when described second-phase micro mist is graphite microparticles, massfraction is 0.08%-0.15%.
7. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1, it is characterized in that: when described second-phase micro mist is graphite microparticles, massfraction is 0.10%-0.12%.
8. the preparation method of the non-leaded easily-cutting brass according to claim power 1, is characterized in that: described binding agent Zinic stearas massfraction is 0.6%-0.9%.
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| US11440094B2 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2022-09-13 | Mueller Industries, Inc. | Powder metallurgy process for making lead free brass alloys |
| US11459639B2 (en) * | 2018-03-13 | 2022-10-04 | Mueller Industries, Inc. | Powder metallurgy process for making lead free brass alloys |
| CN110484769A (en) * | 2019-06-22 | 2019-11-22 | 杭州前进齿轮箱集团股份有限公司 | A kind of spraying is sintered synchronous ring material and production method |
| CN113136498B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-05-27 | 深圳市注成科技股份有限公司 | Brass MIM process preparation method |
| CN114309582B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-04-26 | 合肥波林新材料股份有限公司 | Copper-based powder metallurgy material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101805841B (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2012-05-23 | 中南大学 | Rare earth oxide unleaded free-cutting brass and preparation method thereof |
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