CN102456320A - Electrophoretic display and picture updating method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明系有关一种电泳显示器(Electro Phoretic Display;EPD),特别是关于一种EPD的画面更新方法。The present invention relates to an electrophoretic display (Electro Phoretic Display; EPD), in particular to an EPD screen updating method.
背景技术 Background technique
与其他种类的显示器相比,EPD具有较低功耗的优点,但却有驱动方式较复杂的缺点。对EPD而言,要将一个像素从某个灰阶改变为另一个灰阶,其驱动信号不只要考虑最终的灰阶,还要考虑初始的灰阶,例如M.Johnson等人的“High Quality Images on Electronic PaperDisplays”,SID 05Digest 1666(2005)参照。Compared with other types of displays, EPD has the advantage of lower power consumption, but has the disadvantage of more complicated driving methods. For EPD, to change a pixel from a certain gray scale to another gray scale, its driving signal should not only consider the final gray scale, but also consider the initial gray scale, such as M.Johnson et al. "High Quality Images on Electronic Paper Displays", cf. SID 05 Digest 1666 (2005).
以图1所示的主动矩阵式EPD为例,在控制EPD 10更新画面时,主机12将新画面传送至时序控制器14,时序控制器14利用存储器16分别储存新、旧画面,再根据每一个像素的新、旧灰阶值从快闪存储器18查出相对应的驱动波形,然后产生控制信号给EPD面板20,由列驱动器22循序驱动列电极24,行驱动器26提供特定的电压给行电极28。在EPD面板20中,每一条列电极24与每一条行电极28相交处有一个像素30,每一个像素30配置一个薄膜晶体管32,其栅极、源极与漏极分别连接该像素30的列电极24、行电极28与像素电极,因此可选择性地施加电压到该像素30,以产生电场驱动该像素30的电泳粒子迁移,因而使该像素30变亮或变暗。以图2所示的微胶囊双元粒子系统为例,在两平行电极34及36之间夹着微胶囊38,其内有悬浮的黑粒子40及白粒子42,二者携带相反电性的电荷,因此施加电压V在电极34及36上可驱动黑粒子40及白粒子42分别往相反的方向移动。当黑粒子40越接近观视侧,例如在电极34的那一侧,像素30所呈现的颜色越黑,反之,当白粒子42越接近观视侧,像素30所呈现的颜色越白,因而可藉控制黑粒子40及白粒子42的位移表现不同的灰阶。黑粒子40及白粒子42的位移,以及因而衍生的光学状态的变化,与电压V对时间的积分(称为电压脉冲)为正相关,例如R.Zehner等人的“Drive waveforms for active matrix electrophoretic displays”,SID 03Digest 842(2003)参照。回到图1,从任一个灰阶改变为另一个灰阶的驱动波形,系以检索表的形式储存在存储器18中,供时序控制器14读取,例如H.Gates等人的“High Performance ActiveMatrix Electrophoretic Display Controller”,SID 08Digest 693(2008)参照。以图3所示的16灰阶系统为例,初始的灰阶有16种,最终的灰阶也有16种,因此共有16×16=256种灰阶改变方式,亦即需要256种驱动波形。在现有的EPD中,如图4所示,其驱动方式系将电泳粒子从目前的位置经过多个框架的驱动迁移到目标灰阶对应的位置,过程中包含反复驱动电泳粒子,使其逐渐到达目标灰阶对应的位置。这种驱动方式非常复杂且耗时,而且因为框架数量多而导致耗电量较多。Taking the active matrix EPD shown in Figure 1 as an example, when controlling the
此外,如果一个框架的驱动波形需要2个位元储存,那么检索表就需要256×N×2÷8=64N个位元组(byte)的容量,而且会随着灰阶数的增加而大幅增加。其次,材料的特性会随着温度改变,因此检索表需要储存多种不同温度下的驱动波形,例如H.Gates等人的“High Performance Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display Controller”,SID 08Digest693(2008)参照,造成检索表更庞大。In addition, if the driving waveform of a frame needs 2 bits to be stored, then the look-up table needs 256×N×2÷8=64N bytes (byte) capacity, and it will increase significantly with the increase of the number of gray scales. Increase. Secondly, the characteristics of the material will change with the temperature, so the lookup table needs to store the driving waveforms at different temperatures, such as "High Performance Active Matrix Electrophoretic Display Controller" by H. Gates et al., referred to by SID 08Digest693 (2008), resulting in The key is larger.
由于材料的差异,同一笔灰阶调整的驱动波形无法适用全部的EPD面板,因此每一批产品都要重新设定检索表,不适合大量生产。Due to the difference in materials, the driving waveform for the same grayscale adjustment cannot be applied to all EPD panels, so each batch of products needs to reset the lookup table, which is not suitable for mass production.
上述的驱动方式对EPD面板的亮度调整也有不利的影响,这是因为亮度由电泳粒子的位置决定,一旦要改变每个灰阶的亮度差异,则所有的驱动波形都必须更新。The above-mentioned driving method also has an adverse effect on the brightness adjustment of the EPD panel, because the brightness is determined by the position of the electrophoretic particles. Once the brightness difference of each gray scale is to be changed, all driving waveforms must be updated.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的之一,在于提出一种EPD及其画面更新方法。One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an EPD and its screen updating method.
本发明的目的之一,在于提出一种画面更新较快的EPD及其画面更新方法。One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an EPD with faster picture updating and a picture updating method thereof.
本发明的目的之一,在于提出一种较省电的EPD及其画面更新方法。One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a relatively power-saving EPD and its screen update method.
本发明的目的之一,在于提出一种减少检索表容量的EPD及其画面更新方法。One of the objectives of the present invention is to propose an EPD and a screen updating method thereof that reduce the capacity of the retrieval table.
本发明的目的之一,在于提出一种简化亮度调整的EPD及其画面更新方法。One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an EPD that simplifies brightness adjustment and an image updating method thereof.
根据本发明,一种EPD包括EPD面板,时序控制器连接该EPD面板,快闪存储器连接该时序控制器,该快闪存储器以检索表的形式储存变动一个灰阶的驱动波形。在更新画面时,先抹除该EPD面板上旧画面的残影,再连续开启多个框架,每一个框架只变动一个灰阶,以逐步将所有像素调整至其各自所要的灰阶。According to the present invention, an EPD includes an EPD panel, a timing controller is connected to the EPD panel, a flash memory is connected to the timing controller, and the flash memory stores a driving waveform changing a gray scale in the form of a lookup table. When updating the picture, first erase the afterimage of the old picture on the EPD panel, and then open multiple frames continuously, and each frame only changes one gray level, so as to gradually adjust all pixels to their respective desired gray levels.
由于每一个框架只变动一个灰阶,因此简化画面的更新,也减少框架的数量,因而加快更新画面的速度,且减少耗电。由于只储存变动一个灰阶的驱动波形,因此大幅减少检索表的容量。更进一步地,使用此驱动方式,调整系统时脉的频率即可调整每个灰阶的亮度差异。Since each frame only changes one gray level, the updating of the picture is simplified and the number of frames is reduced, thereby speeding up the speed of updating the picture and reducing power consumption. Since only the driving waveform changing one gray level is stored, the capacity of the lookup table is greatly reduced. Furthermore, using this driving method, the brightness difference of each gray scale can be adjusted by adjusting the frequency of the system clock.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1系主动矩阵式EPD的示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an active matrix EPD;
图2系微胶囊双元粒子系统的示意图;Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microcapsule binary particle system;
图3系16灰阶系统的灰阶改变方式的示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the gray scale change mode of the 16 gray scale system;
图4系习知的EPD驱动方式的示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a conventional EPD driving mode;
图5系不同电压及脉冲长度与亮度变化之间的关系图;Fig. 5 is a relationship diagram between different voltages and pulse lengths and brightness changes;
图6系根据本发明的一个方法实施例;Fig. 6 is a method embodiment according to the present invention;
图7系将所有像素调整至相同灰阶的示意图;Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of adjusting all pixels to the same gray scale;
图8系将像素调整到灰阶15的过程;Fig. 8 is the process of adjusting pixels to
图9系将像素调整到灰阶3的过程;Fig. 9 is the process of adjusting pixels to
图10系将像素调整到灰阶0的过程;Figure 10 is the process of adjusting pixels to
图11系将双向调整灰阶的过程;Figure 11 is the process of bidirectionally adjusting the gray scale;
图12系可调整灰阶的变动亮度的EPD的示意图;以及FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an EPD that can adjust the varying brightness of the gray scale; and
图13系两种系统时脉频率的示意图。FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of two kinds of system clock frequencies.
主要元件符号说明:Description of main component symbols:
10EPD10EPD
12主机12 hosts
14时序控制器14 timing controller
16存储器16 memory
18快闪存储器18 flash memory
20EPD面板20EPD panel
22列驱动器22 column driver
24列电极24 columns of electrodes
26行驱动器26 row driver
28行电极28 rows of electrodes
30像素30 pixels
32薄膜晶体管32 Thin Film Transistors
34电极34 electrodes
36电极36 electrodes
38微胶囊38 microcapsules
40黑粒子40 black particles
42白粒子42 white particles
44灰阶044
46灰阶1546
48灰阶748
50压控振荡器50 VCO
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图2所示,电泳粒子40及42的位移dL是电压V及其施加时间长度的函数,例如R.Zehner等人的“Drive waveforms for active matrix electrophoretic displays”,SID 03Digest842(2003)参照,因此可事先规划每变动一个灰阶所需的电压脉冲。例如,图5是T.Whitesides等人在″Towards video-rate microencapsulated dual-particle electrophoreticdisplays,″SID 04Digest 133(2004)中揭示的,不同电压及脉冲长度与亮度变化dL*之间的关系,其中脉冲长度表示施加电压的时间长度,L*系在CIELAB标准中定义的亮度(lightness)单位。从图2及图5可知,灰阶可由As shown in Figure 2, the displacement dL of the
dL*=v×t=kV×t 公式1dL * =v×t=kV×t
决定,其中v为电泳粒子40及42的移动速度。在理想状况下,亮度变化dL*与电泳粒子40及42的移动时间t成正比,亦即k是常数。但实施上dL*的特性曲线不是线性的,如图5所示。不过从dL*的特性曲线可以订出每变动一个灰阶所需的电压脉冲,例如在某个电压V所需的脉冲长度t。以此为基础,将所有变动一个灰阶所需的驱动波形储存在图1的快闪记体18中。当调整像素30的灰阶时,连续开启多个框架,施加相对应的驱动波形到像素30,每一个框架只变动一个灰阶,直到像素30达到想要的灰阶。Determined, where v is the moving speed of the
图6系根据本发明的一个方法实施例。参照图1及图6,在更新画面时,先由步骤S1抹除目前画面的残影。在这个步骤中,时序控制器14开启数个框架,对EPD面板20的所有像素30施加重设电压脉冲,较佳者,包含至少一次黑白交替。接着步骤S2将所有像素30调整至相同的灰阶,例如参照图7,全部的像素30都调整至灰阶0,如虚线44所示,或灰阶15,如虚线46所示,灰阶7,如虚线48所示。回到图1及图6,最后步骤S3连续开启多个框架,每一个框架只变动一个灰阶,逐步将所有像素30调整至其各自所要的灰阶。例如参照图8,要将像素调整到灰阶15,不论其初始灰阶为何,先经抹除,然后连续开启16个框架,在第1个框架后调整到灰阶0,在第2个框架后调整到灰阶1,依此类推,直到第16个框架后调整到灰阶15。如图8所示,在一个16灰阶的系统中,最多只需要16个框架便可完成所有像素的灰阶调整,再加上先前抹除的框架,其框架总数比习知的驱动方式少,因此画面更新的速度较快,也较省电。参照图9,要将像素调整到灰阶3,其过程与图8相同,但是在第4个框架后已经达到灰阶3,后续的框架即不再对该像素施加电压,该像素保持灰阶3直到16个框架结束。其他灰阶的像素也是相同的情况,任何一个像素在达到其目标灰阶后便不再变动,只有尚未达到目标灰阶的像素会在后续的框架中继续每一个框架变动一个灰阶。由于较低灰阶的像素较早停止变动其灰阶,因此更进一步省电。图10显示另一种状况,在抹除后全部的像素都调整到灰阶15,然后也是每一个框架变动一个灰阶,目标为灰阶0的像素经过16个框架达到灰阶0。在图11中,全部的像素在抹除后都先调整至灰阶7,然后连续开启多个框架,目标低于灰阶7的像素经每一个框架降低一个灰阶,目标高于灰阶7的像素经每一个框架增加一个灰阶,如此更进一步减少框架的数量。Figure 6 is an embodiment of a method according to the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 6 , when updating the screen, the residual image of the current screen is erased first by step S1 . In this step, the
如前所述,电泳粒子的位移取决于电压脉冲。如果施加的电压较高,则所需的脉冲长度便较短,反之亦然。又因为dL*特性曲线的非线性,即使施加相同的电压,从不同的灰阶变动一个灰阶所需的时间也未必相同。因此,不同框架的时间长度未必相同,不同框架的驱动电压也未必要相同,每一个框架的时间长度及驱动电压由系统设计者决定。不过在一个系统中,每一个框架的时间长度都是以系统时脉为基础产生的,因此可以利用这项特点来调整EPD面板的灰阶差异。因为每一个框架变动一个灰阶,所以在相同的驱动电压下,改变框架的时间长度即改变一个灰阶变动的亮度。例如图12所示,时序控制器18包含压控振荡器50提供系统时脉CLK,该系统时脉CLK即为决定框架的时间长度的基础。当要调整EPD面板20的亮度时,可以调整系统时脉CLK的频率,因而改变每一个框架的时间长度。例如图13所示,系统时脉从CLK1变成CLK2,其频率提高,所以施加到EPD面板20的每一个框架的时间长度都会缩短,于是每一个框架期间电泳粒子移动的时间变短,在相同的电压驱动下,其位移缩短。参照公式1,时间t的缩短将使灰阶的差异变小,因此可藉由调整系统时脉CLK的频率来改变每个灰阶的细致度。As mentioned earlier, the displacement of electrophoretic particles depends on voltage pulses. If the applied voltage is higher, the required pulse length is shorter and vice versa. And because of the non-linearity of the dL * characteristic curve, even if the same voltage is applied, the time required to change a gray level from different gray levels may not be the same. Therefore, the time lengths of different frames are not necessarily the same, and the driving voltages of different frames are not necessarily the same, and the time length and driving voltage of each frame are determined by the system designer. However, in a system, the time length of each frame is generated based on the system clock, so this feature can be used to adjust the gray scale difference of the EPD panel. Because each frame changes a gray level, under the same driving voltage, changing the time length of the frame means changing the brightness of a gray level change. For example, as shown in FIG. 12 , the
在不同的实施例中,不改变系统时脉CLK的频率,而是改变每一个框架对应时脉计数的数量。例如,原来一个框架的时间长度相当于50个时脉计数,将其减少为40个时脉计数,即缩短其时间长度20%。In different embodiments, the frequency of the system clock CLK is not changed, but the number of clock counts corresponding to each frame is changed. For example, the original time length of a frame is equivalent to 50 clock counts, which is reduced to 40 clock counts, that is, its time length is shortened by 20%.
现在检视检索表的容量。在一个16灰阶的系统中,检索表只需要储存16个框架的驱动波形。如果每一个框架所对应的频率阶以4个位元储存,则检索表需要16×4÷8=8个位元组的容量,远低于习知检索表的容量。Now check the capacity of the key. In a 16-gray-scale system, the look-up table only needs to store the driving waveforms of 16 frames. If the frequency level corresponding to each frame is stored in 4 bits, the lookup table needs a capacity of 16×4÷8=8 bytes, which is much lower than the capacity of the conventional lookup table.
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CN110910841A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-24 | 电子科技大学中山学院 | System and method for reducing ghost image of electrophoretic electronic paper |
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US20090046114A1 (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2009-02-19 | Il-Pyung Lee | Apparatus and method for driving an electrophoretic display |
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